Umbhali Ivan Makarov: engobomi, ubuchule kunye umdla facts

iincwadi Russian sisityebi kunye namagama eqaqambileyo. Kodwa ke ubomi kwezentlalo nezopolitiko lizwe kangangokuba eendaba ezibe ezandleni ngabasemagunyeni. Ke amagama ababhali abaninzi, iimbongi, izazinzulu iminyaka ziye olityelweyo. Phakathi kwabo, umbhali onesiphiwo Ivan Ivanovich Makarov.

Iminyaka yokuqala umbhali

Ivan Makarov wazalelwa kwilali Saltykov Oktobha 30, 1900. Ekubhaptizweni wafumana igama uYohane.

Emva kokugqiba kwizikolo zasemaphandleni njengoko umfundi ilungileyo uIvan wathabatha ukuba bafunde Ryazhskaya yokujima lemfundo yoluntu. Phambi kokuba ndiphumelele kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, umbhali elizayo bafunda ngemali ngurhulumente.

Ngowe-1918, yokuzilolonga abafazi ababini abucala, kunye namadoda, apho wayefunda phantsi Makarov Ivan, zaye ezidibeneyo igama. NgoJuni 1919 wayigqiba njenge "isikolo kweqonga inani 2 2".

iminyaka yokufunda

Ootitshala bezikolo zegrama bonke abafundi eyunivesithi. A njengabathenjwa Izabelo yaba yangasese uceba Yermolov. Abafundi benza rhoqo uhambo kwilifa lakhe - zokugcina akundincina, imiyezo, zokugcina kunye ipaka.

Izabelo yaba ikwayala umfundi. Kwakukho violin, a cello, ipiyano, Purple, bass kabini, nexilongo, oboe. Abafundi wadala iokhestra balalaika. yeqonga, kuquka ukuba abahlali besixeko. Kuba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo abafundi bahlela yokufundwa Cawa imifanekiso ukukhanya kunye neeseshoni film.

Kuqhutyelwa yokujima kwezemidlalo "kusasa ngeCawe" entwasahlobo - ezemidlalo, ihlobo - ekhatywayo inqanawe, nto leyo uhlawula yokujima. Winter ezingafanelanga ephezulu-school Ukuskiya cross-lizwe kunye ice skating salo.

Sciences ngqo banikwa umbhali elizayo kakuhle. Algebra, geometry, waba ezine, ulwimi Russian kunye noncwadi - abathathu. Iminyaka uqeqesho kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kuba kubalulekile ukuze kwakhiwe umbhali elizayo. Eli lixesha iziganeko epochal: leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, Februwari Revolution, uze Oktobha, ekuqalekeni War Civil.

usapho

Abazali umbhali, abalimi Ivan Ivanovich Makarov noMaria Ivanovna Kon'kova, naye wazalelwa Saltykov. Baba ngabantu abanobuchule, ngelo xesha ezinqabileyo kakhulu. Bobabini beza evela kuqoqosho olomeleleyo, gcina uxwebhu engqina ukuba baqesha umhlaba kwi Princess Troubetzkoy.

Ubuchule Makarov Ivan Ivanovich kuhlangene ukuya ngobomi bakhe. Xa Iinoveli umbhali ubonisa imali ngqo umhlaba ( "I-Black ephezu") besive inkosazana, kwaye inani abemi lali ( "iimbambo Steel"). uyise zombhali yaba umlimi ngaphandle komhlaba, yaye owned kuphela umatshini wokuthunga, njengokuba yena ngokwakhe uthi Makarov. Uyise wayenza kwishishini shoemaking.

Lonke ilizwe ezidwelisiweyo uyisemkhulu Makarov. Babehlala endlwini utatomkhulu wakhe. Usapho waba nabantwana abathandathu, Ivan - kakhulu eziphezulu. amacebo Umhlaba ayikwazanga ukondla intsapho enkulu, kwaye utata wayedla waya kusebenza eMoscow.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala yorhulumente omtsha, yaye uyise nonyana Makarov wangena abasemagunyeni bendawo. Uyise owayephethe ekulweni iKomiti bamkelwe, kunye nonyana wakhe waba lilungu lebhunga lali. Makarov, Jr. waba lilungu lekomiti elokishini na amahlwempu, apho banelungelo lokurhoxisa 'ngentsalela' yesonka isasazwe phakathi kwabahluphekileyo.

Mhlawumbi akukho ezweni impembelelo zabo kulo ihlabathi Makarova seMatriki. Wayekholiswa lwenkqubo lwe "umlimi" Socialist-Revolutionary Party, umbuzo engundoqo apho phezu komhlaba. Kuye kudlule kunye nonyana wakhe. Lo mxholo uphambili umsebenzi wakhe uya kuba abalimi, umhlaba kunye revolution eyaguqula ubomi babo.

Xa imisebenzi yakhe Ivan Makarov isixelela iziganeko ngokwenene 1917. Xa inoveli "The Black ephezu" ibonisa kambe ngokoyiswa abalimi distillery xa opilis utywala, wabulala abantu abangama-70.

impilo Personal

Kwezinye iikhweshine Makarov wabonisa ukuba utshatile. Ngowe-1921, le khweshine party, wathi - "otshatileyo." Igama lomfazi wakhe uVera Valentinovna Vonlyarlyarskaya, njengonyana - Jan Ngowe-1941, wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe ubudala, ivolontiya uya ngaphambili. Ekupheleni yeSibini yeHlabathi leMfazwe Jan zibhubha Königsberg.

umsebenzi mbuso

Wabiza revolution, amawaka abantu abaselula, Makarov yabe iphakathi kweentonga zazo. Kule iikhweshine, wayesoloko wabeka imfundo kwi "ezilungileyo" okanye "avareji". Namaqabane ka Komsomol bammonela, abaninzi kubo abagqibe ezikolweni zaseprayimari kuphela.

"Amanyathelo mbuso" Okokuqala Makarov Ivan wenza elalini yakhe xa abantu ukuba bakrazula ukusuka iindonga watshisa portraits kakumkani ibhunga. Emva koko waba njengokhozo Izabelo. Emva kokuphumelela, waya apho wayalela Party - walwa kwi-Red Army, waba ligosa lwezopolitiko intlola e Chone, wayengumbhali wekomiti zezithili zeli Komsomol.

Ngowe-1922, Makarov wabizwa endaweni yakhe, wathumela ukuba ngumhlohli kwiphondo Committee Komsomol. Wayehlala Ryazan, kodwa umgca umsebenzi ukuhambela le counties. Njengoko ummeli iphondo Ryazan, Makarov waya ngoJanuwari 1924 kwi yomngcwabo yengqwayi-eMoscow. Phakathi kwabathunywa phezu 6 Yonke-Union Congress of the Komsomol.

Ekubeni ekwindla ka-1923 Makarov Ivan Ivanovich - ilungu Communist Party. Ezidibeneyo kunye iqela emsebenzini, kwaye sokubhala. Ngowe-1924, kunye inxaxheba ngenkuthalo kudala isebe Ryazan of 'iimbongi zeRhiphabliki "kunye isangqa loncwadi.

Ukususela ngo-1926, Makarov wasebenza njengonobhala iseli Party kwisebe lemfundo yoluntu. Ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, yena gqaba washiya Ryazan ukubona eSiberia. Le nkonzo lokugqibela Makarova e Ryazan - superintendence Ulwazi ngomhlaba School.

le ncwadi lokuqala

Uninzi ukuphila kwakhe Ivan Makarov wahlala ezweni Ryazan. Yena ithathe inxaxheba ekwakheni karhulumente entsha, kuqala njengomsebenzi Komsomol, ngoko iqela. E Ryazan, wapapasha kumaphephandaba asekuhlaleni njengoko incwadi yasemaphandleni kunye inkokeli Komsomol mbutho.

Kwesi sithuba ke inqaku kwathiwa:. "Cry of Youth", "abazukulwana uLenin kaThixo," "Iingcinga abaselula Communards", "ukukhala Umsebenzi" Amabali of "Uvuko Lokuqala", "Mishkin ukuthutyeleziswa", "iibhutsi kunye namasi", "isitshixo". "Isiqalekiso Grunkino" kunye "izinyo ngezinyo" Makarov wazisa kwinqanaba All-Russian. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa uhambo lwakhe kuncwadi enkulu.

nobuciko Makarova

Ngowe-1929 inoveli yokuqala, "Le imbambo zentsimbi" yakhululwa eMoscow. Kuye kalindixesha "I Young Guard", emva koko yapapashwa ncwadi. Emva kokupapashwa kwayo Makarov wafudukela eMoscow. Kukho amabali ezibhaliweyo:

• 1930 - "muzhikan Last";
• 1933 - "The Case 471";
• 1935 - "The Firebird", "Stepan ukubandezeleka ehlabathini."

Sele likomkhulu umbhali onesiphiwo Makarov Ivan Ivanovich wabhala ibali:

• 1929 - "Reid esimnyama";
• 1930 - 1931 kwiminyaka - "Uxolo emhlabeni";
• 1931 - 1932 - "The Cossack farm";
• 1936 - "Gofmaler Nikita".

I Moscow Ixesha iinoveli badalwa:

• 1929 - "The iimbambo zentsimbi";
• 1933 - 1934 kwiminyaka - "The Black umphetho";
• 1936 - "Misha Kurbatov".

Iinoveli "Indiya usegazini," yaye "IsiCwangciso Ozukileyo" sele okwangoku ishicilelwe. nxi Unknown imisebenzi, "Vecchio" yaye "Muscovite Good". Roman Makarov "Blue Field 'washiywa phahla.

Ngowe-1928 Ivan Makarov wakhokela isebe Ryazan of Association Writers '. Ngowe-1929, ibali lakhe elifutshane "Ekuqaleni", wafumana ibhaso le magazini "Pathfinder". Ngowe-1930 - ngokuba imbasa bali "igubu cwaka" iphephancwadi "World Adventures".

ukumbamba

Xa inoveli "Misha Kurbatov" Makarov baphambuka kwindawo iqela ngayo. NgoFebruwari 1937, umbhali Makarov Ivan Ivanovich wabanjwa njengoko ngungqondongqondo lombutho neyabalimi ngababhali, okuthiwa injongo yayo kokubulawa Stalin.

I Lubyanka Makarova elide nobusuku ahlukunyezwe. Ngaphantsi ya nxaniso ngokungenabuntu kokuvuma ityala lakhe. Kumashumi eminyaka kamva, kuye kwagqitywa ukuba akukho iyelenqe wayengekho kwaye ayikwazanga. Makarova wadutyulwa kwizisele le NKVD, July 16, 1937.