Ukuzingela i-carbines e-smooth-bore: ukuhlaziywa, amaxabiso

Izityalo zaseRashiya ziye zafumana amava amaninzi ekudaleni nasekuveliseni iimveliso ezithile ezifana nezixhobo zokuzingela. I-Smoothbore kunye nezixhobo zokuqhuma izixhobo, eziveliswa namhlanje ngobuninzi obukhulu, zingumgangatho ophezulu.

Iindwendwe eziqhelekileyo kwiivenkile ezizodwa zivuyiswa yiintlobo zeempahla eziboniswe kwiitrhefu, zivakalelwa ngumona ngabanini bezinto ezi zinto zikhethwa ngulo mntu.

Ulwazi jikelele

Akuyena wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba yi- zixhobo ezizingelayo ezihamba ngokukhawuleza ezona zizukulwana ezizodwa zemipu ye-antediluvian, apho ootata-ntombi bethu baxotha khona. Ukongezelela koko, yaba yiseko kwabanye - iintlobo ezincinci zeengalo ezincinci.

Kuyinto yokuzingela i-carboines ezitshintshileyo ezifakela i-arsenal yomntu ngamnye, apho umsebenzi onomdla kwaye onomdla, onjengokudubula umdlalo, uba yinto yokuzonwabisa eyintandokazi.

Iintlobo

Olu hlobo lwezixhobo lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukulungiselela ukukhetha okukhethiweyo. Uphawu olufanayo lwesicelo luhambelana ngqo neempawu zalo zobugcisa. Ngenjongo yokuvelisa i-carbines yemveliso yasekhaya ikwahlula ibe yinto esetyenziselwa ukuloba kunye nokuzingela kwezemidlalo, kwakunye nezo zenzelwe ukudubula ekujoliswe kuyo.

Ukwahlula ngempawu yoyilo

Izibhamu ezixhotywe ngomgqomo zibhekwa njengeqela elincinane kunazo zonke kuluhlu lwezixhobo. Ziye zenzelwe ukudubula kunye neentlanzi okanye ukudubula, kunye neenqwelo ezikhethekileyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu eziphambili. Ezi zi:

• Umqhubi omnye-umbhobho-shot shot;
• I-bar-barreled indawo ene-trunk;
• Kuyafana, kodwa ngofakelo olubonakalayo;
• Ipompo yesitoreji esisodwa-ibhayili, elayishwayo ngesandla;
• Ukuzilayisha.

Udidi lokuqala lujoliswe ekuzingeleni izilwanyana ezincinci kunye neentaka. Iimoto ezinjalo ezihamba phambili zicinga ukuba ukugqitywa kwefayile echanileyo ukusuka kumgama omncinane kunokwenzeka. "Iziqu" ezinjalo kwindawo ephakathi zixhotywe nge-hinge, ezenza kube lula ukuhlahlela phantsi umgqomo ukufaka i-cartridge. Ngendima yendlela yokukhiya, i-latch rotary isetyenziswa kuwo. Itholakala ngaphesheya kwe-breech.

Indlela yokuthenga

Ukuthengiswa kweempahla eziphathekayo, kuquka ukuzingela, kunye nokugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, kulawulwa kwinqanaba lomthetho. Kuphantsi kokulawulwa kwesebe elikhethekileyo lamapolisa, elikhupha ilayisenisi kunye nemvume yokukhusela izixhobo.

Ikopi nganye engummi waseRussian Federation kufuneka ibhaliswe kunye ne-LRO kwaye igcinwe ngokuhambelana nemimiselo esekwe liSebe kwiziko elithile elikhuselekileyo kwindawo yokubhaliswa komnini.

Imvume yokukhupha izixhobo ezigqithisileyo ikhutshwe iminyaka emihlanu, emva koko-ngokuhambelana nenkqubo eseleyo kwaye emva kokuqhuba uphando kwimeko yonyango yomnini kunye nokugcinwa kweemeko zesibhamu-kwandiswa.

Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uhambise amaxwebhu alandelayo: ikopi yepasipoti kunye netikiti zokuzingela, kunye nelayisenisi yokugcina kunye nokuthwala, ingxelo yezokwelapha kwifom echanekileyo, ingxelo yesithili ngokujonga iimeko apho i-carbine igcinwa khona, irhafu yokuhlawulwa kwentlawulo, isicelo kunye neefoto ezimbini.

Amanqanaba

Ngokungafani nokhuthiweyo, apho ubungakanani bekhodijidi zibophelelwe kwixabiso leetriki - kwiintshimbini, iinqwelo ezihamba phambili zenziwa ngumgangatho ohluke ngokupheleleyo. Ngendlela yokulinganisa, udidi lusekelwe kumaxesha apho ibhola lijikeleze. Kuye kwaqulunqwa ukuba iziqwenga ezilishumi elinambini kunye nobubanzi beemitha eziyi-18,5 ziphonswa kwisigidi esinye sothutho, malunga ne-450 amagremu. Yile ndlela i-caliber ifunyenwe ngayo, ngokwemihla yamanqaku e-arms of hunting arms. Ngaloo ndlela, inani linqunywe inani leenqwelo eziphambili ezivela kwisilivere sothutho, kodwa ngenxa yokuba zifana zonke kwaye zinesimo esifanayo. Ukususela kwindlela ekhankanywe apha ngasentla kubonakala ukuba ububanzi bombhobho wesibhamu sesibhozo seshumi elinamibini ngu-18.5 millimeters.

Elizweni lethu lo mgangatho usebaleni ukusuka ku-4 ukuya ku-36. Kule meko, umda ongaphantsi ngowona mkhulu ububanzi (36.5 mm), kunye nomphezulu-mncinci. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso eligqithisileyo alifumaneki kwisenzo. I-Russianbusboberbre carbines yokuzingela ine-calibration elandelayo: "12", "16" kunye nomncinci - "20".

Imbali yendalo yaseSaiga

Ezi zikarobhothi zenziwe ngokusekelwe kwisibhamu seKalashnikov. Iimodeli zokuqala zaveliswa ngumvelisi wokuqala we-AK - Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant. I-carbine yokuqala ye-carbine "iSaiga" yabonakala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe ekhulwini lokugqibela. Ukuphazamiseka kwesi sibheno sobunkokheli baseKazakhstan kwiNobhala Jikelele uBrezhnev ngesicelo sokwenza isikhali ngoncedo apho kuya kwenzeka ukudubula i-saigas - izilwanyana ezadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni igama leli galet. Umba wukuthi imfuyo ehambelayo yala ma-antelopes aphezukileyo ahlanjululwa phantsi kwaye ifike kwiingcambu ezazidla izityalo, kwaye abazingeli abazange bakwazi ukulwa nabo. Nangona amaqhekeza angamakhulu amathathu aveliswa kwii-70, noko ke, ngoko-ke isibhamu saseSaiga sasiqhubela phambili sasingenanto.

U ku velisa

Kodwa sele sele iphakathi kwamashumi asithoba ekhulwini leminyaka elidlulileyo, i-carbine eyayihamba ngokugqithiseleyo yaqala ukuhla evela kumgca wendibano yesityalo sokwakha umshini we-Izhevsk njengento yokuzilayisha. Kwaye ngoku eli gama liye laba ligama lekhaya, kuba phantsi kwesi sibonakaliso ukukhathazeka kubangela ukuxhaswa okukhulu kwezixhobo, kuquka ukuguqulelwa kwezinto ezizingelayo, kunye ne-compact smoothbore carbines ezisetyenziselwa ukukhuselwa, kunye nemifanekiso yokusetyenziswa kwemidlalo kunye noqeqesho.

Isiqhotyoshelo kunye nesiphelo sokugqibela se-carbine-kuxhomekeke kwinguqulelo-sinokwenziwa njengesibhamu sokuzingela. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngeplastiki okanye ngamaplanga.

Ukwakhiwa "kweSaiga"

Ekuqaleni, esi sixhobo saveliswa ngokusekwa koomatshini othomathiweyo be-AKM, kodwa kwiminyaka edlulileyo kuye kwaba neenguqu ezininzi ezijolise ekuphuculeni iimpawu zayo. Ukusuka ekuzingeleni ukulwa ngokugqithisileyo kwe-carbine "iSaiga", ixabiso eliqala ukusuka kuma-ruble ayi-seventeen lamawaka (sithetha ngomzekelo 410 K), ihluke ngokukodwa kwinto yokuba akunakwenzeka ukutshisa imigca evela kuyo. Ukongeza, yatshintsha i-node yokulungisa ivenkile, ngoko kwakungenakwenzeka ukufaka iikharriji ukusuka kumashini omkhosi. "I-Saiga" "isebenza" ngenxa yerhasi yefowuni, esuswayo ngoncedo lomngxuma oxubeni okhoyo eludongeni lwesiteshi somthi. Izinketho ze-Smobobhore zine injini ehlaziyiweyo ngokupheleleyo nge-stroke emfutshane ye-piston.

Ngaphantsi kwefuthe loxinzelelo lweegesi, isango lesango lihamba kumgama ofunekayo, kunye nezidumbu ezithandwayo zibalekela emoyeni ngokusebenzisa imingxuma e-tube. Umgqomo wombhoxo uvalelwe ngokuguqula i-shutter, ngexesha apho ezimbini iingalo zalo zokulwa zingena kwiifoloko ezifanayo zebhokisi. Isakhelo sokuvala, ukuba sisikhokelo esihamba phambili kwi-othomathikhi, sibeka isalathiso sokuhamba kweengxenye eziphathekayo zeemoto zeSaiga. Ukongezelela, uyayibona imithwalo ephazamisayo.

Iindleko

I-Smoothbore gun "I-Saiga-12K" ingu-030, ene-magazine receiver kunye nesigqubuthelo esinamabhobho ebhokisini, kunye ne-foldt butt kunye nebunzi ebunjengeeplastiki, inokuthengwa i-ruble engamashumi amathathu nesigamu. Kwiimodeli ezingekho kwimveliso, okanye iinketho eziye zaphuhliswa ngokwaneleyo, ixabiso eliphantsi libekwe. Ngokomzekelo, "i-Saiga-12K Tactics" yecalaber 12/76 ithengiswa ngamashumi amabini anesithoba amawaka.

"Boar"

Ezi zikarobhothi zenziwe ziveliswa kwisiza seMolot esiseVivatskiye Polyany. Eyona nto, ibonisa ukuphuhliswa kokuqhubeka kweSaiga. Ekuqaleni, ukuzingela "iVepr" kwakuyiziqhamo zokuguqulwa kwemveliso - izixhobo zokuzikhupha izixhobo, eziphuhliswe ngesiseko sompu we-RPK ngomshini we-RP-7.62-millimeter . Kujoliswe ekuzingeleni kwezorhwebo okanye kwizilwanyana eziphakathi kunye nezikhulu.

Ekubeni i-"Vepr" carbine yayisetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye namacandelo avela kwisibhamu somshishini waseKalashnikov, esakhiwa kwisityalo esifanayo, ezininzi izisombululo ezakhayo zezixhobo zihambelana nezo zikhokho bakhe abaziwayo. Ngokomzekelo, unomqolo owodwa onzima, ibhokisi enamandla, ibhokhwe eneendlela zokungena izilungiso zangasemva, njl njl.

Olu tshintsho lubhekiselele ikakhulu kwizinto ezithile zokugcinwa, umzekelo, u-butt kunye ne-forearm, kunye ne-USM, uyilo oluqhelisela ukuzimela ukukhusela umlilo ekugqibeleni. Ukongezelela, umlo kunye nobukhulu bokusesha kunye ne-trigger iyahluka. Umnxeba unomzimba we-orthopedic "dragoon" kwaye uxhotywe nge-backplate ye-rubber. Ibunzi lenziwe ngokwemigangatho yoluntu - ngaphandle kwembombo yokukhusela. Inokude kakhulu, xa kuthelekiswa nomzekelo wokulwa, ubude. Ukuphakama komgca kwi-"Veper" kwinqanaba livumela umzingeli ukuba asebenzise izinto zombini kunye nezobugcisa ngokulinganayo .

Ukwakhiwa

Iinqwelo "iVepr" ziveliswa kwiikripriji 7.62 × 39, 7.62 × 51 kunye no 5.56 × 45 i-NATO - .223 i-Remington, kunye ne-7.62 × 54 kunye ne-7.62 × 63 iimithamitha kwiinguqu ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nokuguqulwa komsebenzi . Ukuzenzekelayo kwesi sixhobo kulungiselelwe ngokwesi sicwangciso esifanayo nesibhamu se-Kalashnikov. Ukongezelela, inqanaba eliphezulu lokuthembeka kwaye lungekho-nkathazo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.

Ukuhlaziya ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-carbine kwenziwa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamandla wee-gesi ezivela kukutshatyalaliswa kompu. Ziye zaphambukiswa kwi-barrel bore kulo kwikhamera ngexesha lokudubula. Ukuzihlawula kwenzelwa kwaye ngenxa yamandla amakhulu avela kwintwasahlobo yokubuya. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukwenzela ukwandisa ukuzinza, igumbi lokugumbana kunye nombhobho wamabhobho walo mfulo wokuzingela zenziwe nge-chrome. Ukongezelela, ukunciphisa i-flare kwintlambo ngexesha lokudubula kwisibilini sayo, ityhilime yokumisa ifakwe, engenakususwa.

Ukuze ungabandakanyi ithuba lokuchithwa kwe-capsule kwi-cartsuji, umqhubi we-bolt uyayithwala intwasahlobo. Kwaye ukwandisa umgangatho wokhuselo, i-"Boar" iluhlu luxhotyiswe ngohlobo lwefusi. Zonke izibhamu zineenkcukacha ezihlangeneyo kunye nesibhuse.

Ulungiso

Uhlobo oluthile lomfutho wokuzingela "Vepr" lwanele. Ngokuyisiseko imodeli eqhubiweyo, njengeSOK-94 - ikhutshwe ngo-1995. Le ngqungquthela iquka ukulwa nokuhlukana koqhagamshelwano lwe-FSUE MVD. Iimodeli ze-SOK-95 "Vepr-308" kunye ne "Super" ziveliswa ngeenguqulelo ezininzi. Ezinye izinto ezifana ne-SOK-95 M, 95 MS, kwakunye necarbine yekribhoji ye-Remington ishiyiwe. Ukususela ngo-2000, ukuveliswa kwe-SOK-94R "Uvulindlela" kwaqaliswa.

Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto ibonakalayo yi-smoothbore isibhamu "Vepr-12", eveliswe kwiikridiji 12 × 76 millimeters. Inemisebenzi emininzi kwaye ihloselwe ukuzingela, kunye nokukhuphisana nokuzikhusela. Ukusuka kwezinye iindlela, umzekelo wakhe wokugqibela - umqhubi we-Vepr-12 Hammer "- ukwahlula ngokufakela umfaki-mlilo okhuniweyo. Ifakwe kwi-muzzle ye-trunk. Ukongezelela, inendlela yokukhiya i-trigger, ingabandakanyi ithuba lokudubula kunye ne-folded butt.

«Vepr-12»

Yenzelwe kwaye yenziwe yi-Molot plant. Lo mfuyo ogqithiseleyo - "Vepr-12" - uhloselwe ukuzikhusela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwimasebe empi amagosa, kuquka nezakhiwo zabo zokhuseleko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, esi sixhobo sinokubonakala kwi-IPSC-ukhuphiswano. I-Smoothbore isibhamu "i-Vepr-12", esekelwe kwi-system ye-gunshishini ye-gun ye-Kalashnikov, ngexesha elifanayo inayo yonke inguqu efunekayo yokusebenza kwayo ethembekileyo kunye neenqwelo zeshumi elinesibini. Ukongezelela, iipilisi ezingamashumi asixhenxe anesibhozo anesithandathu ziza kusetyenziswa kule sixhobo. Isibhamu se-Smoothbore "Vepr 12" sinomlinganiselo ophambili weemitha ezili-100. Amandla anikezwa ngamaphephancwadi ebhokisi atshintshwe ngamandla eekhobhoji ezisibhozo. Ukwandisa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion yesiteshi kunye nekamelo, kunye nentonga kwisakhelo sokuvalela kunye negumbi legesi, i-chrome-plated.

Izinzuzo

Ngokubanzi, i-smoothbore isibhamu "iVepr Molot" iyafana kakhulu ne "Saigu-12K" edumileyo, nangona ihluke kakuhle kwiimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo.

Ukwahluka okwakhiwa kunye nesibhentshi esifanayo - ubukho bemodeli eveliswe kwiViatskiye Polyany, i-fuse yeendlela ezimbini kunye ne-magazine receiver. Nangona kunjalo, inzuzo ebaluleke kunayo yonke, ebonakalayo ngebhastire "Vepr Molot" - ukulibazisa kwayo ukulibala. Ngenxa yolu hlobo, isikhali kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Umqhubi unokuhlala ebona xa iinqwelo zakhe ziphela, kwaye ukuhlawula kwakhona kukhawuleza kwaye kulungile.

Isikhuselo sebhokisi ebhokheni "Vepr-12 Hammer" sihlala ngohlobo lwe "up-phambili", njengoko ku-AKS-74U. Yomelele ngokwaneleyo kwaye ngaphandle komdlalo iqhutywe kwibhokisi. Kwi-muzzle yombhobho, umenzi ufake ifakeli elikhutshwayo. Ngethuba elifanayo kwiphepha lebhokisi, kunye nangaphambili nangaphantsi kwegumbi legesi, i-Picatini zikhokelo zolu hlobo, ezivumela ukuba kubekho ukulungelelana nokukhawuleza ukufakwa kwezixhobo ezongezelelweyo njenge-flashlight, i- laser eyes or bipods. Kokungalungi, abasebenzisi bayibeka ubunzima obuncinane, obunomagazini ophetheyo malunga neekhilogram ezintlanu.

Imisebenzi kunye namaxabiso

Ukuthelekiswa ne "Saiga" - i-analogue - ibhogi ye-smoothbore "I-Vepr-12 Hammer" ibiza kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ukukhishwa kwe-01 kuhluke kwi-barrel engamakhulu amahlanu ngamashumi amabini amamitha. Ukongezelela, kunika ithuba lokudubula kunye ne-folded folded kunye ne-non-removable flame arrester. Ezi zithuthi ezihamba phambili, amaxabiso avela kumawaka angamashumi amathathu anesithandathu, athengiswa kuphela xa umthengi enemvume efanelekileyo. Iinguqulelo ze-02, ezahlukileyo nge-680 millimeters barrel kunye nesixhobo esisezantsi kwisigxobo sombhobho esenzelwe ukuhlaselwa kwimihlathi yangaphakathi, ehlangene kunye neenqwelo ezivela kwi-Bekas "uchungechunge, kuya kuba neendleko ekuthengeni i-ruble lamawaka amane anamanci.