Ukuqhekeka komgangatho wesibini kwiiplanga zokhuni: idivaysi, ukubala, ubungakanani befowuni

Esinye seziqalo ezibalulekileyo zakhayo nayiphina indlu yelizwe ziphazamisa ukugqithisa. Ziyakwazi ukuxhotyiswa ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kukho nawuphi na, iteknoloji yokuhlanganisa ezo zakhiwo kufuneka zijongwe ngokugqithiseleyo. Kule nto akuxhomekekanga kuphela kuba lula abantu abahlala endlwini, kodwa kunye nokukhusela kwabo. Ngezantsi kweli nqaku siya kuqonda ukuba yeyiphi iiprojekthi zokuqhawulwa komgangatho wesibini kwiiplanga zokhuni kunye nendlela ezo zakhiwo zidibene ngayo.

Izindlela ezisisiseko zokuhlela phantsi

Ngamanye amaxesha kwimihlaba isakhiwo se-monolithic senziwe. Bahlanganiswe ukusuka kwi- slabs ezigqityiweyo . Ezi zakhiwo ziye zahlula ngezinga eliphezulu lokuthembeka kunye nobomi obude benkonzo. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo ukudibanisa libiza kakhulu. Emva kwakho konke, la macwecwe ayanzima. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuyiphakamisa kwiindonga usebenzisa i-crane crane.

Kukho olunye uhlobo lwesantya kwisitezi sesibini - i-jellied. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kwenziwa ngomxube wekhonkrithi kwifom edibeneyo, ihlanganiselwe kwii-racks. Olu luhlobo oluthembekileyo lokuhlala. Ungakuqokelela nawe. Nangona kunjalo, iteknoloji yokuvelisa kwayo iyanzima kakhulu. Iimpazamo ekuthululeleni i-monolithic slab ayivumelekanga.

Ukugqithwa komgangatho wesibini kwiiplanga zokhuni kunika i-plane encinci okanye umkhukula, kodwa akunakulungele ngokupheleleyo ukungaphumeleli kwabo. I-teknoloji yokudibanisa olo hlobo luyinto elula kakhulu. Kwiindleko zolu hlobo lokugqithwa alubizi. Ezi zakhiwo zakhiwa, njengokuba unokwazi ukugweba ngegama, kwiiplanga ezipakiweyo okanye kwiigodo. Ukuqokelela bavunyelwe ngezitena okanye bavimba izindlu, kwaye bakhuphe okanye bakhuselekile. Zizo ezi ziphantsi ezifakwe kwizakhiwo ezisemaphandleni ngokuqhelekileyo.

Izinto ezisisiseko zesakhiwo

Kulula kakhulu ukudibanisa i-inter-floor cover phezu kweemithi zokhuni ngokuzimela. Izinto eziphambili zoyilo ziyi:

• Eyona imithwalo ngokwayo. Ziveliswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwimigodi okanye emigodini.
• Ukutshiza. Ukuhlanganisela le nto, ibhodi edibeneyo ubuncinane ubuncinane obu-3 cm isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
• Umqobo womoya. Ifilimu enjalo iyimfuneko ukuze umoya omanzi ovela kumgangatho wokuqala ungangeni ngaphakathi kweyesibini. Ukusetyenziswa kwefilimu enje kwandisa ubomi benkonzo yolo hlobo lwakhiwo njengokwenziwa komgangatho wesibini kwibhar.

Ukwakhiwa komgangatho wee- attic kufakwe rhoqo kwaye omnye umbandela - umbane. Kule meko, i-slabs yeboyile yamaminerali kunye ne-polystyrene eyandisiweyo ifakwe phakathi kweemithi. Kwezinye iimeko, i-polyurethane ingasetyenziswa kwakhona.

Ukwakhiwa komgangatho wesantya sesibini, isi-insulator yokushisa ngamanye amaxesha ayifakiwe. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa. Kule meko, yenza njengesixhobo sokukhubaza. Njengengxolo engxenyeni kwisilonda sesibini, uboya obuncitshisiweyo buvame ukusetyenziswa. Le nto, okokuqala, ayitshisi, kwaye okwesibini, ikhupha izinto ezinobungozi ezingundoqo, ezibalulekileyo kwiindawo zokuhlala.

Liliphi ixesha eliya kuba neendleko zebandla

Ukwenza uphuhliso lolo lwakhiwo njengokuba uguqa umgangatho wesibini kwiiplanga zokhuni, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kunjalo, kubalulekile ukubala zonke izinto ezifunekayo kwaye wenze uqikelelo. Qinisekisa ukuba inani lamabhodi kunye nokuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhako akunzima. Ukwenza oku, ufuna kuphela ukwazi indawo yomgangatho kunye nobukhulu bezinto ngokwabo.

Ukuba umgangatho wesibini wendlu uhlala kuyo, ubude beemigangatho bubekwe, kubone ububanzi bexesha kunye nezibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukuxhasa. Ukuba i-attic iyakhiwa phezu kwendlu, izibalo zenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Iimitha kufuneka zibe zifana neendonga zephahla . Oku kuchazwa yimpawu zokwakha uphahla. Ngokuqhelekileyo iinqwelo zifakwe kwiiplanga. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ezi zinto zibini zifanele ziguquke kwiindonga ngexesha elinye.
• Ubungakanani bemigangatho ibalwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zesakhiwo sefayili yephahla. Ukuba i-rafters ifanele ifakwe kwiimithi, ukubala ubude bayo ububanzi bendawo, faka u-40 cm kwi-roof overhangs kumacala amabini. Ukuba iiplanga kufuneka zifakwe kwiindonga, ubude bayo bube njalo phakathi kweempompo kunye nodonga lwalo lwendlu "kwidleke" kukho okungenani u-3 cm ukuhambisa.

Ukubalwa kwamandla emithi

Ukugqithisa umgangatho wesibini kwiiplanga zokhuni zithembeke ukuba zithembeke, izixhobo zalo zenkxaso kufuneka zibe ne-cross cross section. Bala ubude nobubanzi beburandi ngexesha lethu lilula. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa i-calculator online.

Ukubala iiplanga ze-overlap ziphendulwe ukuba zichaneke, kufuneka ufunde le parameters elandelayo:

• Ububanzi besithuba;
• Inyathelo ukubeka iforamu;
• Iintlobo zeenkuni ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza imithi.

Inyathelo phakathi kwezinto zokuhlamba kwezindlu zangasese ezakhiwe kumbindi ophakathi weRashiya udla ngo-80 cm. Ngoko ke, kumgama ofanayo omnye komnye, iifom zifakiwe. Ngokweendawo eziqhelekileyo azikho izindlu ezizimeleyo ezinkulu kwi-6-9 m, zidla ngokuthatha izinto kunye necandelo le-150x150 mm.

Yintoni enye enokuyiqwalasela

Emva kokubala iiplanga zomhlaba kwaye uthenge zonke izinto eziyimfuneko, unokuqhubeka nokufakela okwenziweyo isakhiwo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi koko, kuyinqweneleka ukwenza amanani amalungiselelo.

Umthi - izinto ezikufutshane. Emva kwexesha, ngenxa yobuncwane, imipu evejiweyo kunye namapulangwe angaqala ukubola. Ukulibazisa le nkqubo ixesha elide kunokwenzeka, ngaphambi kokuqala kwendibano yomgangatho, yonke imithi kufuneka iphathwe nge-antiseptic ekhethekileyo. Ezi zixhobo zivame ukukhusela umthi ngokusuleleka kwintsholongwane.

Ukongeza, imithi kunye neebhodi kufuneka zifakwe kwindlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko womlilo. Xa kwenzeka umlilo, izinto eziphathwe ngale ndlela ziya kuthi zonakaliswe. Nangona kunjalo, iiplanga kunye neebhodi eziphathwe ngezo zinto zitshitshisi, kodwa zitshisa. Ngenxa yoko, abaqeshi bomlilo baya kuba nexesha elide lokushiya indlu.

Kwakhona kuhle kakhulu phambi kwebandla lomgangatho ukucwangcisa iibhodi kunye ne-cant malunga nezinambuzane. Iibhontshisi-ezigaya kwixesha elizayo ziza kunika iingxaki ezininzi kubanikazi bendlu.

Yenza umyalelo

Emva kokuba zonke izinto zithengwa, ungaqhubeka nokufakela okwenziweyo isakhiwo. Kukhona umgangatho wokhuni ngaphakathi kwindlu ngolu hlobo:

• Zonke izinto ezifunekayo kunye nezixhobo zilungiselelwe. Ukuze iiplanga ziphakanyiswe phezulu, i-ladder iyakudinga kakhulu.

• Iimithi zifakwe. Kwizindlu ze-monolithiki kunye nezitena, imitha iyafakwa "ezindongeni" ezindongeni ezisele emva kokuthulula okanye ukubeka izindonga. Kwilungiselelo lokugqibela, kuyimfuneko ukuba ingqalelo, ngokuqinisekileyo, ubungakanani bomgca womgangatho. Xa udibanisa i-attics, umgqomo unokunamathela kwii-corner ku-Mauerlat. Kwiindonga zezindlu eziqhotyoshelweyo iiplanga zijoliswe kwizinto ezikhethekileyo- "i-sleds". Oku kuvimbela ukutshintshwa kwesakhiwo somgangatho ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwendlu.
• Iibhokhwe kwiiplanga zifakwe ngamabhodi. Ukusuka kwicala le-attic, baqala ukumbozwa ngefrimu yefrimu, kwaye ke iiflethi zokuxhoma zibeka phezu kwazo. Ezi zilandelayo mazibe zikhutshwe ukuze zifake ngokusondeleyo kwimihlathi.
• Phezulu kwamacwecwe, omnye umgca wesithintelo somphunga uphakanyisiwe.
• Gcwalisa iiplanga zomgangatho wesibini.

Enye indlela yokufakela

Ukugqithwa kwesitezi sesibini kunye nemigangatho yamaplanga, ichazwe ngasentla, inokwakheka okulula. Kusetyenziswe kule meko, i-insulation, ngelanga, inqanda ukungena kumgangatho wokuqala kuphela ingxolo yomoya. Ukutshwenyeka kulula ukudluliselwa kwisakhelo sokhuni (ngokusebenzisa iiplanga kunye neebhodi). Ukuba akukho bantwana abancinci kwindlu kwaye akukho bani owenza ingxolo, lo mklamo olula unokuba isisombululo esihle. Ngaphandle koko, kungcono ukulungelelanisa indlu kwiplanga kwiiplanga zoluhlobo oluthile, ukuqokelela izinto ezibizwa ngokuba zijikelezileyo kwisitezi sesibini. Uyilo lwabo luyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa ukuba ufuna, unokuzifaka.

Indlela yokuqokelela eziphantsi komhlaba

Emva kokufaka iiplanga kulo mzekelo, iiplanga zokuqala zomgangatho wesigaba sokuqala nazo zipakishwe. Emva koko umgca womoya ubeka. Phakathi kwemigangatho ifake i-slabs eqinile yeboyile yamaminerali okanye i-polystyrene enwetshiwe. Emva koko enye ingqimba yokukhutshwa kwemisindo iphakanyisiwe. Kule meko, amacwecwe aya kuwela ngaphezulu kweemigangatho, kwaye iphantsi iya kugqitywa ngokupheleleyo.

Unokwenza umsindo ongenakunqanda ukuphazamiseka kweengqungquthela kwiiplanga zokhuni kwaye ngokungafaniyo. Kule meko, iiplates zee-cotton zisetyenziswa. Kodwa phakathi kweemithi ayifakwanga. Yibanike phezu kwabo ngephepha eliqinileyo. Ezi zinto ziza kugxininiswa phakathi kweemithi, ngaphandle kokuchukumisa iiplani zecala lomgangatho wokuqala. Emva koko, ama-slabs ambalwa anqunyulwa. Ziyimfuneko zokubeka amacandelo kwisitezi sesibini kunye nomjikelezo. Kwixesha elizayo, banokuvalwa nge-plinth.

I-screed screed malunga ne-5 cm ubukhulu ithululelwa phezu kwamacwecwe. Ukuze amandla adinge ukuqiniswa ngentonga ye-10 mm. Dlulisa ikhonkrete ngendlela echaphazela ngayo iinqunqwana zeboya zekoton, kwaye zingabi ziindonga zendlu. Ngaphandle kwekhonkrithi, kufuneka ubeke amaphepha e-plywood, kwaye ke -kugqiba impahla.

Indlela elula kunye nexabiso elincinci yokukhubaza i-soundproofing

Ukuba ufuna ukunciphisa ingxolo yempembelelo ukusuka kumgangatho wesibini, unokuqokelela iiplanga zeplanga endlwini kunye nobuchwepheshe obuhlukeneyo. Kule meko, kwakhona iiplanga zifakwe kuqala. Emva koko i-gaskets-absorption sound-absorbing thems. Umva wokugqibela kufuneka ugqitywe okanye uphathwe ngumbumba we-antiseptic. Xa kuhlanganiswa phantsi kwisitezi sesibini kwizindlu zangasese zasemaphandleni, ngokuqhelekileyo zivakalelwa okanye iipayipi zerabha.

Ezi zinto zikhutshwe ngqo kwiiplanga. Kuzo zalala (ngaphandle kokuzimela) zilahla. Ubude bezinto ezilandelayo mazibe ngukuthi abachaphazeli izindonga zendlu. Honga iintonga kwiiplanga. Emva koko faka isitya sokukhusela isandi. Zibekwe phakathi kweemithi, kunye phakathi kwelagi (kwiimpawu ezimbini okanye ezintathu). Ngaphezulu kweebhodi ezifakwe kwi "pie". Umqobo wempuphu kulo mzekelo kufuneka usetyenziswe.

Isiphelo

Isixhobo sokuqhawula umgangatho wesibini kwiiplanga zokhuni, njengoko ubonayo-inkqubo ilula. Kuyakwazi ukuhlanganisana nokwakhiwa okunjalo, kubandakanywa ngokuzimela. Kodwa, ke, xa udibanisa ilitye, kufuneka uhambelane nobugcisa obufanelekileyo. Kule meko, uyilo luya kuhlala luthembekile kwaye lugcine.