Okuye kwabethelelwa esinombhalo eziphathekayo. Okuye kwabethelelwa iibhulorho: dimensions, iimpawu, ixabiso

Ukusetyenziswa ezintsha zenzululwazi zobugcisa ngokukodwa olubonakalayo zokwakha - kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo umhlaba kubonakala izibonelelo, ukwakhiwa ebeziya kuba lee kwexesha eladlulayo.

izinto ezintsha, oomatshini abatsha kunye nezixhobo zikuvumela ukuba ukwakha ngokukhawuleza, ngaphezulu, zithembeke ngakumbi. Kodwa kukho izinto technology wokwakha bangalahlekelwa ngokufaneleka kwabo ixesha elide kakhulu. Le slab eziphathekayo - umgaqo wasungula isiqingatha senkulungwane eyadlulayo, kodwa ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle iiprojekthi ezininzi lwekamva.

patent 1867

Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba ibali myezo French Zhozefa Mone, nto leyo umgudu ukuze babe ubhityile enqatyisiweyo concrete isakhelo Umphanda iintonga zesinyithi wayigubungela umaleko udaka lwesamente. Le mveliso monolithic ngenxa uye iipropati ukulwenza nezinye izinto. Monier lobunikazi kumazwe ahlukeneyo, iindlela imveliso ufakelo lwesamente eziintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka abo baye banikela le slab eziphathekayo iidonga zokwahlula.

abakhi Professional wenza izilungiso zabo kuphuhliso umenzi; waba izifakelelo ekunene kwi umaleko embindini ngekhonkrithi, kunye izibalo lubonise ukuba indawo ebuhlanti kugunyaziso kufuneka zikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwi imeko ethile, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imithwalo isicelo kwi-unit kwesakhiwo. Ngenxa yoko, Iizilebhu RC tye luqiniswe ubhalo, ubeke iintonga kufutshane moya emazantsi kwipleyiti, - apho imikhosi omkhulu eqine.

technology Improvement

Namhlanje njengekonkile zinikwa iipropati ezifunekayo meko kuphela. Force iziqalelo - khetshi kugunyaziso - ezi tyaba kwaye lwesithuba nakala prestressed (Umtya, Beam) luqiniswe eziphuculweyo neempawu zesakhiwo. admixtures ezahlukeneyo ezinokwakheka kade okanye ukukhawulezisa sentlalo kunye namandla nophuhliso. ufakelo lwesamente sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ulwakhiwo ibe, izinto abangatshatanga unique, kwaye omkhulu, izakhiwo nenoqoqosho.

Processability, amandla, uqinile, ukufuma, anayiphi nomlilo, uqoqosho - ezi iingenelo ziya imeko ukusetyenziswa ufakelo lwesamente kwixesha elizayo. Iizilebhu Monolithic RC okanye balungiselelwe ukwakhiwa kwezindlu olwalusele uya kufuna ixesha elide kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuba izinto zendalo, le misebenzi yoyilo nokusingqongileyo kunye lula yavuselelwa aphinde asetyenziswe.

Types of iibhulorho

Kwindawo isicelo zezi lesiseko, indlela somgangatho Iizilebhu ezikhethekileyo. Loo imveliso ukuba yenziwe mveliso kwaye ke ukuya kwindawo yokwakha kunye ifakiwe. Amaninzi ngakumbi slab eziphathekayo, kwakunye nezinye iimveliso basarha izindlu, omiswe ukuwelda ngokusebenzisa amalungu metal olungisiweyo.

Ibhodi unako kuveliswa kweli lizwe. Le slab monolithic njengoko isiseko kunye nezixhobo umgangatho eliphakathi nesigubungelo kophahla, ingakumbi ezisetyenziswa kwizibonelelo okanye bokwakha non-umgangatho apho kufuneka isicelo crane nzima ukuba ufakelo iimveliso precast eziphathekayo. Imarike inikezela inani elaneleyo lwezixhobo (kubandakanywa istili), ukwenza inkqubo ezifikelelekayo kunye self-nokwakhiwa.

isisekelo lencopho

Esi sakhiwo base phantsi isakhiwo - hayi ibiyeyona ndlela ebiza bhetele, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi - enengqondo kakhulu. Monolithic kwaqinisa slab eziphathekayo, ukuphindaphinda ngokwemiqathango umphandle kweendonga zangaphandle kumgangatho wokuqala, wayedla ngokuba isiseko zokudada. Oku kuthetha ukuba umthwalo kwi nxalenye ngamnye isakhiwo idluliselwe umhlaba isiseko cooker ngokufanayo isebenza njengento enye, akukho phantsi deformation ngenxa emihlabeni Inkitha, ubunzulu ezinkulu iindawo ukuqanda okanye omhlaba eliphezulu. Kakade ke, konke oku kusebenza le slab isiseko, kubulawa kunye nomgangatho ofanelekileyo.

Into ebalulekileyo kunye uxabisa kakhulu kuzo zonke izimvo yesixhobo kwelinqanaba isiseko kulungiselelwe kwisiseko isanti, nto leyo eya ukubunjwa imbasa. Kufuneka wenze isixa esithile ukombiwa, ukuyizalisa kwaye Izakudibanisa isanti - amanzi gabhu okanye ukugangatheka.

Ukufakelwa plate kwesiseko

Umaleko esezantsi lidla liqengqiwe geotextile oko kugquma isicombululo emhlabeni. Emva koko, kulungiselelwa ukulungelelaniswa eziphathekayo amanzi angangeni. Emva lukhuni kwale maleko nto eyitwabulule incwadi esongwayo amanzi sifana kunye kuncanyatheliswe.

Nokuqiniswa sisixhobo maleko ezimbini mesh ezihambelanayo. imivalo kugunyaziso ngokutsha umaleko zikhabane efakwe kwi nezibambi ezizodwa, ukuze ukuba ingontsi kule nwebu eziphathekayo. Concreting lula wenziwe ngqo kwi yetreyi Umxhubi Truck, iimpompo eziqinileyo, njl Emva kwexesha ephilisa wabeka slab eziphathekayo, isiseko ilungele ekwakhiweni kwendlu.

Umgangatho esinombhalo monolithic

Xa ezinjalo elisezantsi-ukunyuka womgangatho wesakhiwo ekubhalwe iphoswe kwi formwork kuloo ndawo, zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Kule kukho phambili ezithile. Ngaphandle kokuba jikelele ukuba izinto eziphathekayo ezinokwakheka iimpawu ezintle - amandla, iyawulwa umlilo, ukusasazwa efanayo ntshikilelo waqonda - kukho izinto ezithile xa ekhetha iteknoloji. Chief phakathi kwabo - ukunqongophala imfuneko izixhobo zokwakha ezinzima kunye amathuba idlulela iingcinga nayiphi na imilo kwisicwangciso view.

Bala plate ububanzi ezifunekayo kunye namacebo ayo unyanzeliso kungcono ukuya zobugcisa. Kwezinye iimeko kuyimfuneko ukwazi oku kulandelayo. Plate ayikho sokurhuqa kwe-150 mm, nezinyuko ekubhalwe limiselwa ubude emngxunyeni kwakudibana kwi uluhlu 1:30 - 1:35. Xa abalwazi kuyimfuneko ukukhumbula ngokuqinisa ngohlangothi ipleyiti U-emile kunye kwizibiyeli L-ezimile.

ubuchwepheshe Iimpawu

Kukho iinketho ezininzi formwork ngebhegi ukuba Iizilebhu monolithic ezivenkileni. Kodwa uyithenge kubiza kakhulu ukuba engahlawulwayo umakhi. Nangona kukho amathuba ukuze sithathe snap yobungcali ngaphandle, yaye oko kuya kuba ukhetho best - isiqinisekiso ngesantya kunye nomgangatho izixhobo idlulela. Xa kunjalo, kufuneka isetyenziswe njengendawo inkxaso amanqwanqwa owawusisibonakude yi zibelula ngaphezu iibhodi okanye nemivalo, njengoko kubekwa phezu formwork ebulungelelanisile kubaluleke kakhulu.

Concreting kuyimfuneko ukuba enze kwinyathelo mnye, kunye ukugangatheka kunye neentshukumo lo mxube. Yeyona iintsuku ezintathu zokuqala moisturize eziphathekayo sokutshiza ukunqanda ngokuhlaziya ukusuka omiswe olungalinganiyo.

Precast eziphathekayo

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo yemveliso eziphathekayo ezenziwa kumgca mveliso okhethekileyo, uthathwa ofanele kakhulu Izakhiwo zokuhlala mass multi-ezinemigangatho. Kodwa ubungakanani elincinane nemiqolomba basarha Iizilebhu - kakhulu ukhetho efanelekileyo. Olwalusele kwaqinisa slab eziphathekayo - ukhetho atshiphu ukudibana, ukuba mayixhonywe na imozulu, kwaye isantya yofakelo iphezulu kakhulu.

Kunzima ukusebenzisa ubunzima precast ekubhalwe ezinkulu ngakumbi iibhulorho. imilinganiso zabo umgangatho - oku kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kwisigaba yoyilo lo. Enye ingxaki - imfuneko nendwe, kwanokuba indawo encinci ukudibana.

Types of Iizilebhu olwalusele

Okuqinileyo, ipleyiti eziqinileyo esetyenziselwa izakhiwo ezizodwa amacandelo: njengoko ukulungisa izinto okanye imijelo zomzila isixhobo zonxibelelwano. Bona zizakubalulwa ngamandla aphezulu kunye nobunzima.

.K ukuba angabi nemingxuma setyhula okanye arc-ezimile longitudinal, ilula kwaye isandi kunye nokugqunywa kobushushu neempawu ngcono. iibhulorho ezibuhlazarha-core - uhlobo lwemveliso esetyenziselwa Iizilebhu precast. Bona zisetyenziselwa izakhiwo ngefreyim ngamandla eziphathekayo, ulwakhiwo olwalusele, zodaka, njl Koswele ingasetyenziswa kwi iyabala kweentambo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo - .. Electric, ephantsi-ombane.

Uhlobo lesithathu - exabe okanye hipped, ngokufuthi esetyenziswa kwishishini lokwakha kubagubungela kwindoda enkulu. Ububanzi slab imiphetho ngaphandle amandla - ka 140-160 mm.

nokuqiniswa prestressed, nto leyo eyenza ukuba intsebenzo womsebenzi wabo efanayo amandla monolithic w / w imigangatho ezisetyenziselwa imveliso nemàbhula.

ubukhulu Standard lezitya

Ukusetyenziswa Umgangatho precast ezibuhlazarha kufuneka kunikezelwe kwinqanaba yokuyila indlu elizayo. ubukhulu Umgangatho macwecwe inokuba kuba sisiqinisekiso kwisicwangciso sophuhliso yendlu elizayo. Ziyangenana, efuna iimilo non-standard okanye ipleyiti ubungakanani zingabiza kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, uyilo kufuneka ubonelele ukusetyenziswa yeefomati ezisemgangathweni: ipleyiti ubukhulu - 220 mm, ububanzi - 1, 1.2 no-1.5 m, kwaye ubude - ukususela 2.4 ukuya ku-9 m, aphinda-100 mm.

Iindlela zokukhokhela Iizilebhu

Xa imveliso iindlela ezimbini ezinkulu zisetyenziswa ezibuhlazarha-core nemàbhula. One - ngakumbi zemveli, iimowuldi shuttering ngebhegi ngenxa Iizilebhu rhoqo, imigangatho ubukhulu kwangaphambili. Emva kokuba ufakelo lwezilinganisi kunye nezinto ezenza imigodi, ukungunda izele umxube eziphathekayo kunye ndinobushushu ukukhawulezisa inkqubo ayengawokuphilisa eziphathekayo wabamisa amandla. Efunyenwe ngale ndlela iibhulorho GOST 9561-91 uyalela ukuphawula iincwadi PC.

Kwenye - obuqhubekayo - ukutsalwa kwipleyiti imi phezu kwikhaphethi eshushu njenge iribhoni eliqhubekekayo eemitha 100-200 ubude usebenzisa umatshini udini okhethekileyo. Prestressing na yefomu tensioned iintambo zentsimbi efunekayo candelo. Emva kokuba iqondo elithile tape ngomxube amandla ziguyiwe nesixhobo diamond ibe iinxalenye ubude ezifunwayo kunye nokuba i-engile efunekayo. iibhulorho afunyanwa, ogama ixabiso yi-20% ngaphantsi kunolo iimveliso eqhelekileyo - cassette - indlela yemveliso. imiqondiso iphawulwe ezinjalo plate PB.

Amagama Iizilebhu floor umngxuma inamaqela eziliqela abalinganiswa oluza. Zimele uhlobo, ubude nobubanzi e decimeters, umthwalo uyilo (kPa), uhlobo kunye udidi unyanzeliso. Umzekelo: PC 63-12-8- ATV - ipleyiti kunye ngeenxa nemingxuma 63 ubude DM, ububanzi 12 DM, umthamo umthwalo - 800 eekhilogremu m ^2, ATV - style imicu.

Ukufakelwa panel olwalusele

Umgangatho Iizilebhu esizi-core precast kuxhomekeke alungiselelwe ukuba Wahlanganisa ke, xa ufakelo ngenyameko nechanileyo amacwecwe inkqubo kunye esweni rhoqo inkqubo isixhobo lokulinganisa.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka lokhwakhiwa kwenza ngokuchanekileyo xa node obuvelisa ipleyiti kuphela kudonga okanye umhlathi. Ubunzulu kangangoko lokuzala lukhethiwe isekelwe kubume eludongeni, izinto ukusuka apho izakhiwo ukuzala. Umzekelo, kwi ezinemiqadi zesinyithi ngokwaneleyo 70mm ethwele ipleyiti kunye izikhonkwane ufakelo lwesamente - 75 mm, eludongeni izitena - 90 mm.

Kuba iindonga, apho impahla esetyenziswa njengezinto lokuzala kukuhla - iibloko zekhonkrithi ukukhanya, okanye iqela lenjongo Polymer silicate igesi, ngokuqhelekileyo weengcali phezulu yaleza ukwenza Ukuqinisa ngekhonkrithi Ukubeka iminatha, neziya kwayama slab.

abakhi enomkhondo kucaciswe apha ekuhambeni indibano Iizilebhu olwalusele. Ukuba lokubopha Iizilebhu iindawo elungiselwe welding, omnye komnye lwenzeka ngaphandle iindawo ecalanye, kunye nenkunkuma random vana - kufuneka kulondolozwe, ezinkulu kakhulu ingozi yokuba bekukho kuwo ubume yokwakha.

indlela plates

Le mveliso kuthiwa slab - i parallelepiped kunye nemilinganiselo apho ubukhulu incinane kakhulu ubude okanye ububanzi. Oku kusebenza ngokupheleleyo Iizilebhu yabahambi. Zisetyenziswa yokutyabeka moya isixhobo wendlela okanye indiza esiqinileyo. Loo daka inokuba ngokusisigxina okanye okwethutyana, okt. E., La macwecwe zingasetyenziswa izihlandlo eziliqela, yaye le yenye yezinto ezilungileyo ubuchwepheshe. concrete slab ubalo kwenziwa ngokususela entsimini isicelo, umthwalo kuhlelwa coverage kunye nenkonzo ubomi.

Xa ngokubekwa Iizilebhu yabahambi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ngokomgangatho ukwenza amalungiselelo ayimfuneko wenqwelwana - ngokuqhelekileyo zokulala inwebu ilitye nakhandiweyo kunye igrabile, nesanti ababetheki Ebubanzini ezifunwayo kunye mninzi.

Ukwahlula iipleyiti zendlela indiza, zokwaleka isigxina okanye okwethutyana. Ahluke ubukhulu kunye nohlobo iimveliso ezisetyenziswa semigudu yayo ukwenziwa. Zonke ezi data iyabonakaliswa nokumakishwa isicelo nembasa.

Umzekelo: 1P30.18-30AV - okugunyaziswe slab eziphathekayo, imilinganiso - 3000h1750 mm, kuba oluqhubekayo ukutyabeka (2n - okwethutyana) ibalwa phantsi isithuthi anobunzima-30, ngentsimbi nokuqinisa indlela esetyenziswayo iklasi AB.

ukukhetha ilungelo

Khetha ukhetho kwi ukwakhiwa isiseko, iindonga, imigangatho okanye yabahambi nokuntinga inceda Inqanaba yeprojekthi eyilwe kakuhle. izityalo Modern izinto eziphathekayo zinika uluhlu olubanzi iinxalenye begqibile iimfuno ezithile lenkqubo yokwakha.

Thenga iibhulorho, apho ixabiso kakhulu nengqiqo, kwaye umgangatho - ahambelane nezithethe nemigangatho, yinto yokwenene kakhulu.