Ukulwa parasitism eRussia. Iindlela womzabalazo

Namhlanje, igama elithi "amaphelo" lisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, yaye ngokufuthi imeko azenzi ahlekisayo. Kodwa nesiqingatha kwinkulungwane edluleyo ukuba phantse ilizwi isiqalekiso, yaye lalisetyenziswa ukuchaza izaphuli-anti-zentlalo. Ingqesho ichazwa yokuzithandela-siseko yakutshanje Russian Federation. Kodwa kutheni, ngoko, ipesenti ethile bakuthi musa unqwenela ukusebenza ngokunyaniseka? Ingaba kukho anti-parasitism eRashiya namhlanje, yaye yintoni eza kwenzeka abangasebenziyo?

Ingqesho USSR

In pre-revolution eRashiya, Kakade, kwakukho abantu abazange babe uhlobo oluthile zengqesho kunye zokuphila kwi ngeendleko ababathandayo. Uluntu aphathwe kakubi, kodwa kwinqanaba kwemithetho ukungafuni ukuba asebenze akukho ndlela ekhankanywe kwaye akabohlwayi. Ukulwa parasitism yaqala eRashiya ngexesha leSoviet.

Wonke ummi kwafuneka ukusebenzela intsapho yakhe kunye karhulumente aze akhokele "ekunene" (ngemilinganiselo yiSoviet), kwaye iluncedo eluntwini ubomi. UMgaqo-siseko we-USSR ngo-1936 yaba kuqulunqo: "Umsebenzi kwi USSR ngumsebenzi kunye ngodumo ukuba wonke ummi eyomeleleyo, ngokutsho umgaqo:. Lowo ayisebenzi" Ngowe-1961 kwathiwa yamkela umthetho ekuthi ngawo ekulweni abantu eyomeleleyo balekela yabasebenzi luncedo ekuhlaleni, ukuba luqiniswe. Parasitism eRashiya ugqibe ezi mpawu zilandelayo: nokungaqiniseki, ingqiba kunye nezinye ubomi obusekelwe ekumfimfitheni. Phantsi nkcazelo wokugqibela akwazi ukufumana bonke abantu azisebenzi iinyanga zilandelelana ngaphezulu kwe-4 okanye itotali ngaphezu konyaka.

Lingakanani kuda ubagwebe gazi?

Inombolo Inqaku 209 of Code Criminal RSFSR ezilungiselelwe abemi ngabom balekela abasebenzi, ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Amaninzi, isohlwayo ezibandakanya ukuhluthwa inkululeko kunye nemisebenzi zoluleko. Eli nqaku esaba abantu abaninzi abafuni kwaye uzive imfuneko ukuze isebenze. Kwiimeko zembali eyaziwa apho idumileyo artists elizayo nisaqala umsebenzi wakhe, ngokukodwa acwangcise phezu izikhundla kakubi ihlawulwe kwaye lingako, ukuba kuphela ukuphepha isohlwayo. Noko ke, xa kusenziwa, lo mthetho uyilwayo bekufanele ukusebenza kuphela njengesixhobo deterrent. Abemi kufuneka kaRhulumente ukusebenza kuyo okulungileyo kwaye hayi amabanjwa amaninzi.

Kukho iimeko xa Inqaku 209 eyasetyenziselwa iinjongo zopolitiko. "Ezingafunwa" umntu akwazi ukuchitha ngokukhethekileyo ndikhanyele ingqesho, ngoko asigwebe ngenxa parasitism. Kodwa nxamnye zesiqhelo "abantu ukuphila ngendlela ekumfimfitheni yobomi 'izilingo elikhulu phantse akwenziwanga. Amaninzi, kukho buvuvu nezilumkiso ngokwaneleyo ukuba kuziswe umsebenzi luncedo ekuhlaleni.

Kwemisebenzi xesha perestroika

Emva kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR ixesha abadibeneyo karhulumente indawo yi kwixesha elitsha yongxowankulu. Popular kunye nenqanaba esidlangalaleni umsebenzi kwezoshishino. Kwaye abantu kwi search umsebenzi osebenzayo, ukuzikhethela: ukuba afune umsebenzi kwi-arhente karhulumente wengingqi okanye inkampani yabucala. parasitism Ukulwa eRashiya kwayekwa, njengoko iinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu zawa, kwaye ipesenti ethile yabemi wayekhe angasebenzi. Ngowe-1991, umthetho ligqithise ingqalelo intswela yaye akuba ewubhangisile, ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho ukuze parasitism. Kungekudala emva koko, ukusuka kumgaqo-siseko Russian Federation bonke gama wanyamalala.

Imvelaphi igama elithi

In Russia mihla, inkcazelo "parasitism" akukho khowudi yasiwa kumbhalo ngokusemthethweni. izichazi Modern anike le nkcazelo ilandelayo: ngokunxaxha, ubomi ngokuncama abanye, enqaba ukusebenza, parasitism. Ngako oko, loo maphalo - abo bahlala ngokuxhaphaza abanye, ungenzi nto ezizezabo-ntle yabo.

Ukuba sicinga kota ukusuka kwindawo kweelwimi lwembono, ungabona ukuba wathabatha akudala "Thun" ( "Thun", "tunno"), elithetha "ezamahala", "free". Isigaba sesibini ilizwi - yemvelaphi isenzi mihla "yi" (in "atye ukutya" ixabiso). Sifumana ngokoqobo "darmoedstvo" - oko kukuthi, ekrwada mnandi, parasitism owalathwe isenzeko kunye Umnqweno abantu azisebenzi ukuze kungenelwe karhulumente.

izibalo

Phambi kokuba ukhangela impendulo yombuzo indlela yokujamelana parasitism ezidala eRashiya, zama ukuvavanya ubungakanani bengxaki. Namhlanje kwilizwe lethu ngokuhambelana nemithetho abaqeshwe abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-48. Enye million 20 ukhetha ukusebenza, "isivumelwano" ngaphandle ubhaliso okanye ukufumana umvuzo emvulophini. Kodwa kukho malunga nama-18 ezigidi zabantu, umsebenzi owenziwe ukuchonga yingxaki.

Oku kuthintela parasitism in Russian? Yilwa ne abemi, engavumi ukuba isebenze, liya kuxoxwa ngesihloko. Kutheni amagosa abanomdla kunjalo, yintoni na le eRashiya? Impendulo ilula kwaye banal: logama nje abantu bafihle ingeniso yabo kurhulumente, kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo asikayifumani ipesenti ebonakalayo zerhafu.

Umthetho St. Petersburg nxamnye parasitism

Namasekela of St. Petersburg yowiso-mthetho kunyaka ophelileyo wabeka phambili isindululo izilungiso imithetho karhulumente wethu baphinde njengesihange ukuphambuka ngabom ukusuka kwezemisebenzi. Indlela ukujongana parasitism ye-Russian Federation amagosa ngawo? amasekela eSt Petersburg kaThixo Sicebisa ukuba kubohlwaya abo balekela yengqesho (kuxhomekeke ekufumanekeni kwezithuba ezifanelekileyo) iinyanga ezi-6 okanye nangaphezulu, kunye nabasebenzi zokulungisa ukuya kuma kunyaka 1.

Lo Mthetho osaYilwayo ijolise ikakhulu kwabo basebenza "phantsi isivumelwano", "kwi" okanye bathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yamashishini ngaphandle yobhaliso ye IP. Kukho iimeko: abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye noomama nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-14; abantu abangazange eminyakeni yobudala emntaneni; abemi kunye nabantwana abaxhomekeke bakhubazeke okanye izalamane abakhubazekileyo, kunye nezinye iindidi.

Noko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku lo oyilwayo siyahlaziywa, kunye ekulweni parasitism sele ungaluqalanga eRashiya. Eyona nto kukuba ngokutsho siseko lwangoku, umsebenzi ngokuzithandela, yaye nawuphi na umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe ngumntu oyikhethileyo yakhe. Ngako oko, urhulumente akanalo ilungelo ukunyanzelisa ze anyanzelise abantu ukuba basebenze.

Kutheni abantu abafuni ukusebenza?

Yintoni ngokwenene inxaxheba kwabemi belizwe lethu abangenazo umsebenzi osesikweni? A ipesenti ethile yabemi bethu osebenza kwi isiseko "nezivumelwano". Musa ukumangaliswa ukuba omnye ndlebe umqeshi uya kubalisa zonke nezo loyilo naye, yaye uthsuphe ehlawula iintsuku abagulayo kunye neeholide (kwakunye intlonipho nezinye izimvo TC) akunyanzelekanga ukuba alinde. Kwaye izicelo ezininzi iyahlutha ezi meko, njengoko ngokufuthi umvuzo iphezulu kakhulu iinkampani zorhwebo, kunokuba kwimibutho zikamasipala.

Kwaye ipesenti ephezulu bafunwa, kwakunye nezo inxaxheba kwimisebenzi zoshishino mthethweni. Udidi lokuqala luquka iingcali abanezakhono zokusebenza kwimvumelwano ngqo abathengi, ukuya wesibini - abemi, nomnikelo iimveliso kunye neenkonzo kuluntu ngaphandle yobhaliso SP.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, izilwanyana ukubizwa kunye nabo abahlala izahlulo utyalo-mali zawo. Umntu uba isixa esikhulu ebhankini kwaye ufumana inzala qho ngenyanga, omnye Uyamhlangula kwipropati ukuba irente.

Ntoni kwimarike yabasebenzi?

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi, kodwa "ongaphangeliyo" - iwonga olusemthethweni, zeziphi na ezifunyenweyo, limile ibhaliswe kwiziko lengqesho yabemi. Ngomhla umbuzo yendlela ukujongana parasitism abantu eRashiya, lo mbutho unika impendulo yayo. Enyanisweni, ukuba ufumane umsebenzi kusoloko kunokwenzeka, oko fisa. Ukufumana isimo "ongaphangeliyo" esemthethweni unika umntu umbono omtsha. iziko Employment ikhulisa nje iingenelo, kodwa rhoqo inika ezintsha. Kwakhona ngoncedo kunaniselwano yabasebenzi unako ukuphucula okanye ukutshintsha iziqinisekiso, umsebenzi omtsha.

Kodwa ke ukuba yonke into elula kunjalo, kutheni abantu basaqhubeka befuna umsebenzi ngokwabo, okanye ukukhetha ukusebenza? Eyona nto kukuba inkonzo yengqesho kudla inika imisebenzi kwimibutho zikamasipala, kunye imivuzo ephantsi, ngoko nkqu imiqathango neemfuno likuvumela ukuba wenze inqaku lencwadi kwindawo iminqweno kunye namathuba yomviwa. Ngokuphathelele nokungasebenzi, namhlanje ivela engange 800 ukuya 5000 ngenyanga nganye.

Impendulo engagungqiyo kumbuzo yendlela ukujongana parasitism eRashiya namhlanje. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezinye utshintsho kwicandelo likarhulumente yethu ebalulekileyo. Noko ke, ukuba kunjalo ukuba abantu kufuneka banikwe amathuba yaye ukuba umthwalo kuye nezibophelelo ezingeyomfuneko ngokuthi enciphisa inkululeko.