Ugonyo nezifo meningococcal. Ingaba nemigomo edingekayo?

isifo Meningococcal - isifo apho ibhaktiriya phinda kunokubangela izifo kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, i-meningitis, nokudumba, nasopharyngitis, inyumoniya, sinusitis okanye meningococcemia.

meningitis

Meningitis - usuleleko meningococcal, apho unokuba iifom ezimbini: eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Kwimeko yokuqala iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela faka umzimba amachaphaza emoyeni. Esebenzisa emqaleni sabe njengomqobo igazi-nobuchopho - in ingaphandle ebuchotsheni. isifo basenokuba ubovu okanye serous.

Xa serous meningitis yeyona ukuqokelelana lymphocyte kulwelo fluid. Oku kubangelwa iintsholongwane okanye neentsholongwane, isifo sephepha imincili. Xa ubovu meningitis kwi ulwelo fluid i zemali neutrophils. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba iintsholongwane. Ngokomthetho meningococcal A no-C Phantse-40% amatyala aqale Haemophilus influenzae influenzae B. Ke% 2 kuphela pneumonia.

In zamabanga meningitis luchaphazela iphecana yokuphefumla, oropharynx, indlebe okanye amathe ndlala. Kungahle iimpawu zezifo ezifana semiphunga okanye usuleleko ama. Emva koko ke iintsholongwane ukugqobhoza ngalo nkovu kunye negazi, ibangela ukudumba ebuchotsheni. Oyena nobangela secondary kwenwebu staphylococci, streptococci, coli Escherichia, ifungi Candida, iintsholongwane, salmonella, kunye nezinye izifo.

Ingaba ikhona i bhubhani?

Splash kwezifo meningococcal yabonwa eRashiya ngo-1968. Amatyala aye kakuhle rhoqo. Ngoko ke, oko ugonyo engxamisekileyo kusulelo meningococcal. Yaba bhubhane ngokwenene. Kodwa ngenxa kogonyo, ngokuthe ngcembe weza ababhangayo. Kwaye ngoku, esi sifo lungenzeki rhoqo kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-2000, amakhulu amawaka abantu baseRashiya waba 8 owosulelekileyo.

Abantwana ezithandwa kakhulu kwesi sifo. Kwaye isizathu ilele ukungabikho gonyo. Kodwa nasopharyngitis abe umyalezo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kulahlula ngamanye amaxesha kunzima kakhulu kwenye sifo. Ngoko ke, umbuzo wokuba ugonyo iyimfuneko ukuze meningitis, impendulo nguewe. Ukuthintela kungcono ekuqaleni kunokuba kuye ixesha elide ukuphola.

Yintoni isifo meningococcal?

Iarhente causative losulelo meningococcal - intsholongwane Neisseria meningitides. Isifo kungenziwa ngeendlela eziliqela. Ngokufuthi ngohlobo meningitis (ukudumba meninges). Pathogen (meningococcus Vekselbauma) yi Igram-elibi diplococcus. It akanayo njengezingxobo kunye misila, alunto yanto. It aluyiyo sikuyo. Iqondo lobushushu ezimpilweni ukukhula iintsholongwane - 37 degrees.

Apho meningococcal sifo ibanjiwe?

isifo Meningococcal ikho kuwo onke amazwe. Kodwa eliphezulu - in Central kunye West Afrika. In Russia izihlandlo eziliqela kwavuka nepokotho encinane yosulelo. Ngoko ke, ugonyo ngokuchasene nesifo meningococcal kufuneka isibetho asiqhenqethanga wathabatha uhlobo bhubhane.

Iingxaki meningitis

Esi sifo anobungozi. Ukuba lixesha lokuba kuziwe, ziye zagonywa kusulelo, oko kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu. Ngokufuthi waziswa a esibulalayo. Ukuba ixesha na ukunyanga i-meningitis, oko kunokukhokelela nokukhubazeka. Iingxaki kuza kwiintlobo ezininzi:

• Cerebral Acute, oko kukuthi, nokudumba ingqondo, iposi ebuchotsheni, ventriculitis. Ngaphandle ngasentla kuvele effusion subdural, occlusion asisifanelekelanga zinomgutyulo adh syndrome.
• extracerebral olunamandla. izigulane meningitis nagaxeleka ezilingweni nematha. Ivela ICE kunye ukopha syndromes, hypoglycemia, emzimbeni, samathambo, inyumoniya. Meningitis inokuyichaphazela iphecana zesisu (izilonda, gastritis).
• iingxaki emva kwexesha. Ezi ziquka hydrocephalus, Ataxia, ukungeva ngeendlebe, ubumfama, esinganyangekiyo-enamathelayo arachnoiditis. Iingxaki meningitis kunokubangela yoma le luvo optic, ithumba ingqondo, kwekhono lo yebhinqa sobuKristu. Xa iingxaki emva kwexesha kubonakala isifo luvo, ukuya sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho isifo seswekile. Kule eliphambili - isiqaqa.

Yintoni izitofu?

ERashiya, ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuba esi sifo ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa Isitofu sokugonya phesheya nezifo meningococcal "Meningitis A + C" Yasekhaya okanye A no-C sokugonya esiqulethe W-135 kunye Y, wamiliselwa ngezonqulo kuphela, esishiya eMecca. ayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi equlethe iqela meningococcal. It has immunogenicity ephantsi kwaye inani njengeyo- antigenic ukuba inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye iingxaki.

Ukunqanda ukudumba nobuchopho zagonyelwa isifo meningococcal. Igama inokuba nomahluko, kuba ugonyo olo lusekiwe omnye, "uMthetho-Hib," "Hiberiks", "Temp-Act-Hib," "Pentaxim" kunye nabanye abambalwa. Ungazifumana simahla kwi engundoqo, phantse ekliniki ezidolophini. Liyinyaniso elokuba, ezinye kuthengiselwe ukuba imali kwaye enokubadla imali eninzi kakhulu.

Kuthintelo lwe Pneumococcal meningitis lokugonya «Pneumo-23" iyasetyenziswa. Yenziwe eFransi. Free amachiza kuphela abantwana, owakhiwa iqela womngcipheko wePhondo. Wonke umntu onqwenela - ngentlawulo. Ezi yokumilisela kunciphisa amathuba sifo kuphela kwenwebu, kodwa iqela nezinye izifo (nokudumba, inyumoniya, njl D.).

Xa kwaye wenze ugonyo?

Amachiza ezithi zisetyenziswe kakhulu ziqulathe polysaccharides. Bona zilawulwa ukuba abantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-2. zokugonya enjalo ukukhusela umntwana iminyaka emi-3. Kodwa ke amaxesha amaninzi (ngaphezu kwama-50% amatyala), meningitis kwenzeka abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emibini. Bona imithi nge ababuthathaka omzimba. Le lugonyo meningococcal iqela A isetyenziswa kuphela abantwana unyaka omdala omnye, iqela C - kuphela de kweminyaka emibini. Yokumilisela lwenziwa kanye kuphela.

Ingaba kukho lugonyo meningitis kwiimveku?

On ugonyo kwiimveku umsebenzi eqhubekayo. Nangona sele lusekiwe kakuhle serotype ugonyo C. Ngenxa kule sokugonya meningitis izehlo yehliswa ngama-76%. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emibini ubudala - 90%. Umsebenzi ngoku sithethayo ugonyo zidityanisiwe, leyo kufuneka siqulathe meningococcus serotype 4. Phambi ugonyo kuyimfuneko ukuba udibane nogqirha wakho. Musa ukukhetha sokugonya umntwana ngokwabo, ngaphandle kokuthetha yincutshe.

Ngaba kufuneka ukuba ukugonyelwa isifo meningococcal?

Ugonyo nezifo meningococcal nje kuphela kuthintelo, kodwa xa kuthe nezifo. Kudla lokugonya isetyenziswa "A + C" apho kungene xa iingozi bhubhane. Bomiliselwa bonke abantu, nto leyo ohlala kufutshane eyingozi kujoliswe usulelo. Kodwa ubhubhane embundwini naliphi na ilizwe lakho. Ukuba abagulayo uba ngaphezu kokuba amanani ethile esiqingqiweyo, ugonyo zabemi kuyimfuneko.

Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi abantwana. ixesha ugonyo esabelwa ngokulandelelana ukuya kwikhalenda gonyo ekhethekileyo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, zenziwe abantwana abangaphezulu kweminyaka emibini ubudala, abafikisayo kunye nabantu abadala kwavele ukuqhambuka usuleleko meningococcal, nto leyo ibangelwa iintsholongwane serogroups A no-C

Njengokuba kwakunye nabo basengozini enkulu yosulelo. Abafundi besikolo samabanga aphantsi abahlala ngaphakathi ezikolweni kunye nemizi kwindawo yokuhlala usapho. Kunjalo abantwana abavela kwiintsapho ezihlelelekileyo, apho iimeko zococeko aphulwe. Ekubeni meningitis nokuba bayagula ezivela ezandleni ezimdaka okanye iziqhamo. Ngoko ke, ukudalwa zokugonya indibanisela, ingakumbi iintsana, kuyimfuneko.

zokugonya polysaccharide

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, sigcine "A + C" ayizange isetyenziswe ngenxa kogonyo. In kuyo inaliti, kukho abathile intlungu hyperemia (njenge-5% iingala). Okunye kunqabile kwenzeka ngumkhuhlane into nganye ezinga malungu abantu iintsuku 1.5. Kunye kwemigomo ethile, loo nto ayithethi kuvuka konke konke. Ubuninzi - ububomvu kwisiza Ukuchumisa. Amachiza kuphela contraindicated abantu abaphethwe zizifo ezingapheliyo okanye bagulayo izithako eziqulathwe kuzo.

Ngaba ndidinga ugonyo nezifo meningococcal?

In Russia thina kwiminyaka ethile zaziswa ugonyo ezinyanzelekileyo nxamnye meningitis. Isifo kuvela ngenxa iintsholongwane, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "Haemophilus influenzae influenzae". Kusenokuba ndingamkhubekisi kuphela meningitis. Kwaye umzekelo, usulelo indlebe, inyumoniya, kunye sinusitis. Noko ke, asimele silibale ukuba meningitis kunokubangela kuphela influenzae Haemophilus influenzae, kodwa ezinye iintsholongwane ezininzi.

Ugonyo lesi sifo lwenziwa kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathini. Ukudumba yobuchopho kunokukhokelela ekufeni. Ugonyo lwezifo kwenziwa ngokungqinelana iikhalenda zonyango eqhelekileyo ngaxeshanye gonyo kunye Dube. zokugonya yangoku ziqulathe amacandelo usulelo Hib. Haemophilus influenzae, njengoko abaphandi bafumanisa, kungaba iintlobo ezintandathu. Kuyingozi kakhulu iintsholongwane yabantu uhlobo B. Ngokubanzi zigonywe equlathe kumacandelo sifo ukumelana nezifo olukhuselayo.

HIV meningitis (Haemophilus influenzae influenzae) kuyingozi kakhulu ukuba abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5. Emva koko agonye akwenzi ngqiqo, ngokuba kunye nobudala amajoni omzimba ebantwini iveliswa ngokuzenzekelayo. Nangona ukukhusela ngokupheleleyo abantu meningitis ayikwazi ukuba izifo. Uyakwazi kakhulu kuphela ukucutha umngcipheko zibambe kuyo. NoMngeni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo meningitis, unako pneumococcus. Kodwa eli gciwane ikhona sokugonya. Igciwane kakhulu ayingozi ezidla ngokubangela ukudumba ingqondo, eyaziwa ngokuba meningococcus.

Ukuba kukho ukuqhagamshelana isigulane

Ukuthintela meningitis kufuneka agonywe. Immunoglobulin yenziwa abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka esi-7 ubudala, kodwa ingadlulanga iveki emva kodlwengulo. Ngaloo ndlela umntwana oneminyaka 2 ababelwe ml 1.5 nangaphezulu - 3 ml lokugonya. Ukuba umntu inaso esi sifo, chemoprophylaxis iintsuku ezine. Ukuba umntu omdala, oko wabelwa rifampicin kabini ngosuku 0.3 grams.

Imigomo nxamnye meningitis zenziwe kwangaphambili, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba umntu egula. Kunokuba ampicillin wasebenzisa amoxicillin. Yena nempembelelo entle iintsholongwane. Kumazwe amaninzi amisele ugonyo kuye wonke umntu othe waba obekudibene nezigulana. Ugonyo oluqhutywa iintsuku ezimbini. Ukuya ngonyaka - ukususela-5 ukuya kwali-10 mg / kg ngosuku, ukususela kunyaka omnye ukuya kwiminyaka-12 - 10 mg / kg ngosuku, okanye wenza omnye shot "Ceftriaxone" 200 mg. La machiza kufuneka nempembelelo enkulu kuphela kuthintelo meningitis, kodwa obekudibene nezigulana usuleleko meningococcal. Secondary meningitis kunokwenzeka kulo nyanga. Ukuze uphephe oku, kwiintsuku zokuqala-5 emva kokuba adibane nomntu ogulayo kufuneka bafumane ukugonywa ukuthintela usulelo.