St. Lawrence Island: incazelo, indawo, iifoto

Isiqithi of St. Lawrence - kwintsimi bobabo Alaska (USA) kwaye ibekwe kwi wethu Strait. Yena ogama lakhe behlonipha saint, ekuqaleni i Eskimos wayibiza ngokuba Sivukak.

indawo okuyo

St. Lawrence Island ise kwi North Pacific Ocean. Esonwabisa isikhundla sakhe wenza ntoni na phakathi Endala kunye Worlds New, phakathi amazwekazi naseAsiya nakuMntla Melika. Ukongeza, le yindawo ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, kwiilwandle ezimbini - i-Pacific kunye Arctic, kwi kuLwandle wethu, nto leyo ulwandle litheni ye-Pacific Ocean. Kuye zika ka-170 °. d. 63 ° c. w. St. Lawrence Island isusiwe kwi km 231 kumzantsi-ntshona ukusuka kwisixeko Nome (United States, Alaska). Kwaye ibekwe 74 km kumntla-mpuma Chukotka (Russia, Chukotka Peninsula). I siqithi km 140 ububanzi - km 35.

uhlobo

Sezwe, ndayihluthwa ubuninzi, imelwe ezisezintabeni entilini kunye ukuphakama ezahlukeneyo. Ingongoma iphezulu apha - lo Atuk intaba - ngaphezulu kwe-670 eemitha ukuphakama. Kuyimfuneko ukukhankanya isenzeko yendalo - a polynya esisigxina. Le polynya ifumaneka ukuya ngasezantsi siqithi. Yena Wabumba ezigqubayo ngasempuma umoya ngasentla drives kude umkhenkce ukusuka elunxwemeni elwandle. Imozulu yi Arctic emanzini, ngoko ke iimeko kwimozulu embi kakhulu sisiqithi. Iifoto kwezi ndawo zibonisa ukuba nezihluma apha inqabile kakhulu. Utyani uphawu lommandla kumathafa - amatyholo elisezantsi-likhula, willow ikakhulu arctic. Mu kuya kwa nshita nezihluma kukho izilwanyana zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa kufutshane anamandla ezisa izixa ezikhulu ezincinane, kunye ntlanzi enambuzelayo. ukutya oluninzi itsala nwe ezincancisayo kunye neentaka, ukudala apha rookeries. Rhoqo ngonyaka, iyabhabha malunga nezigidi ezi-3 imizekelo yeentaka yolwandle. Yitya apha siyamthanda guillemot omnyama, puffin, guillemot, tridactyl ingabangaba kunye loon.

indaba

indawo umdla ayimangalisi, kuba siqithi - kuba ezinye zirhuqwe phakathi mazwekazi mabini. Kungenjalo, unako uthi, "eliqela" umhlaba kwebhulorho. Oku kubonisa ukuba xa kukho umhlaba komhlaba, apho bahambi ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali aba yinxalenye uhambo lwakho ngemihla yokulungisa of America.

Isiqithi yafunyanwa ngama uhambo Russian ikhokelwa ngu-Danish ozelwe igosa Russian aselwandle Vitus wethu. Esi siganeko senzeke ngo-Agasti 1728, usuku xa kwabakho umthendeleko St. Lawrence.

labantu

Ingongoma umdla yeendawo zokuhlala siqithi. Abantu apha yabonakala malunga 2 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Zizo ezo Eskimos ukusuka Alaska Chukotka. Ngoku abantu yuitami ebizwa - phantsi igama lolwimi, efana Chukchi. Kwaye oku akukho ngozi. ulwimi lwabo nemasiko sifana ukuya kufikelela iilwimi zabantu Chukotka. Zokusonjululwa siqithi ngumntu ngamaxesha ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali nasekuqaleni zembali waba umlinganiswa yethutyana. Amaxesha zokuhlala kunye bephuma siqithi balandela omnye komnye, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu kunye nokufumaneka kwamajelo basinde. Studies amathambo abantu kunye namazinyo afumaneka kwi siqithi abonisa yindlala rhoqo. Big Island yayisetyenziswa njengendawo yokulahlela ngokuzingela, ngoko zonke ngakumbi ukuze azise kwimozulu ezolileyo linokufikeleleka ngaphandle imiqobo.

ESiberia abantu Yupik babehlala kwizindlu ngeenxa zonke, yahlulwe iinxalenye ezimbini. inxalenye Ukuzifudumeza kwendlu - ophilileyo. Inxalenye obandayo kwindlu yayiyindawo apho uninzi imicimbi yezoqoqosho eyenziwa. abantu ngamakhoboka wakrola ithambo irhamncwa kufunxwa. Mifanekiso zagutyungelwa zonke izinto zasekhitshini. Ngokukodwa, zokuzingela izixhobo kunye nezixhobo. abantu Siberia Yupik wayekholelwa ukuba isilwanyana imikrolo kuzisa amathamsanqa ekuzingeleni. Ubudlelwane kunye nezilwanyana luphawulwa inqubo shamanic. Izilwanyana ziye zasetyenziswa iisimboli ze izilwanyana (amaninzi yaba ihlungulu, isilo solwandle esinamabamba amade, inja). Kwaye ubudlelwane kunye nezilwanyana umgca ezizodwa. Ngoko ke, babulala umnenga babe nje umntu awayebanyule nomoya wenkomo. Waza waphathwa ngenyameko njengondwendwe. Xa kusoloko kukho umntu akhoyo, imfuyo lindicenga umculo esilula. Konke oku kungenxa yokuba abantu aseSiberia Yupik yakholwa, efana umnenga abuyele kamva.

Iingcuka neminenga mbulali kwi zeemposiso kunye iintsomi babegqalwa isilwanyana. Summer - ube unjengengwenya mbulali ebusika - ingcuka. Xa sama yayo ebusika wanceda abazingeli ku dlaya nexhama.

labantu

Abemi umhlali abantu 4000 ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18. Oku ke kwehle abantu 1,000 kwaye igcinwa ngelo kwinqanaba unanamhla. 40% yabantu ngabantu abaselula abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20. Ukuvela baseMerika Russian kwaye akukho sinxulumana nokuhla sabemi siqithi ngayo. Ityala kulo indlala, apho nesibini-ababini Inuit banyanzelwa ukuba bashiye eso siqithi. Photography, Noko ke, ibonisa ukuba zikhona apha zokuhlala. Ngoku kukho iidolophu ezimbini: Gambell kunye Savoonga. Bona bahlala ikakhulu i Eskimos.

Islands US

Lexinene, ephakathi Eurasia nakumNtla Melika, umda karhulumente phakathi kwamazwe amabini - Russia nase-United States. Ngoko ke, omnye kwiziqithi - yaseRussia, omnye - i-American.

St. Lawrence Island ise inxalenye esemntla kuLwandle wethu, inxalenye esemazantsi wethu Strait,-kumzantsi mpuma we Chukotka Peninsula nakwintshona Alaska. Kufuphi kunxweme Russian ke kwisiqithi St. Lawrence. Yekabani na? Lo mbuzo kuphendulwa ngale ndlela: yena ngoku yinxalenye US isimo Alaska. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iinguqu zezopolitiko ziye zaba nempembelelo i wethu Strait, neziqithi zayo wadlula ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwenye, njalo ngoku, ujonge imaphu, kulula ukuba ulahlekile, yintoni imeko bengabakho.

Ngokwembali, le siqithi bobabo eUnited States, nangona lisondele ku Chukotka. Xa wethu Strait nabo Diomede Island, wafumana igama layo wokuwonga elaa saint efanayo. Ngosuku lokubeka ngaye, baye bafumanisa yi V. wethu, njengoko kwisiqithi St. Lawrence. Igama yesibini Diomede Islands - Isiqithi ngokulubethelela, imbeko bazalwana, okokuqala kokuba bebabethe emephini. Big Diomede, akhiwe ukuya ngasentshona, ephethwe yi-Russia. siqithi Kruzenshtern, akhiwe ukuya ngasempuma, iba eUnited States. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi iziqithi ezimbini ngumda ithi. Oku singantoni na ngolu kude umva njengoko wethu Strait. Fairway (-kumzantsi mpuma Diomede Islands), endingowakhe eUnited States.

ethile yolawulo

Ene i siqithi kummandla Census Nome, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, inxalenye enye unit indawo - Ukungabkho Borough. Le yunithi ethile yolawulo, ezikhoyo Alaska. Kwakhiwe kwindawo apho inani kubahlali amancinci, self-ukucwangcisa akunakwenzeka, kodwa ubalo iyafuneka. Kuba lula Boro abadibenanga Alaska yahlulwe zayimimandla 11, enye kutshiwoyo nom zone. Abahlali phantse ngokulinganayo isasazwe phakathi iidolophu ezimbini - Gambell kunye Savoonga. kwilali Name Gambell yathiywa emva kokuba utitshala kuqala kwi-siqithi, owafa nentsapho yakhe iphela uqhwithela olubi kakhulu enqanaweni "Dzheyn Grey" ngo-1898. Ezinye zokuhlala abangekho apha. Nangona ukhuphiswano phakathi iidolophu ukongama apho, isixeko Gambell de 1898 ntlekele osesikhundleni Sivukak Eskimos, ngathi sonke eso siqithi, nto leyo nangoku ulunika ukubaluleka ekhethekileyo.

Imisebenzi abemi besiqithi

Abantu abahlala kwisiqithi ozibandakanye ekulobeni, kitoboystvom, nangokukrola ithambo. Lwendlovu ngoku akukho yanikelwa ezifana oberezhnym kwintsingiselo ngaphambili. Ngoku njengezikhumbuzo ayithengiswa. Kwakhona, abahlali ndawonye amaqunube kunye namaqanda yeentaka yolwandle zasendle. Adle ngokufuya ukho, kodwa ngumsebenzi omtsha, emva ukungeniswa amaxhama kwi siqithi. Bowhead Iminenga ukuba misela ukuba apha ngezixa ezinjalo ukuba lali Savoonga ukwabizwa ngokuba 'ikomkhulu womnenga zehlabathi. " Ukongeza, ukuba lokusindleka Yomnyhadala Weminenga yonyaka.

Ngamanye amaxesha abakhenkethi tyelela siqithi, ezitsalwa yamangcwaba ishiywe noweenqanawa. iimbono Ehle yamathambo Dead phakathi kunxweme arhabaxa abandayo kubonisiwe efotweni.

I siqithi United States

Kweli thuba ukususela 1952 ukuya 1972, inxalenye kwisiqithi ilizwe elo emkhosini American.

Abantu yesiqithi inxaxheba kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II - bakhonza kwi Alaska Protection Territorial (ATG). Ngowe-1947, iyunithi aye ohlulwa. Kwaye ngo-1952, i-siqithi baqhubeka inxaxheba ukuziphendulela siqithi okudalwe Alaska National Guard. Ngelo xesha nye wakha kwisikhululo radar BBC, ezazikade isimo ezivaliweyo.

Ngexesha i exacerbation na ungquzulwano phakathi USSR kunye US kwi wethu Strait kwenzeka. 22.06.1955 ezimbini umlweli eSoviet wadubula phantsi i US uguqulelo moya hlola. Eli qela ibe ngabantu elinanye. Ezintathu zazo alimele ukusetyenziswa kweziqhushumbisi, yaye ezine ekwindla. Ifudusiwe amaxwebhu oonozakuzaku, apho kwakusazeka ukuba urhulumente waseSoviet ithathwa isiganeko ngoxolo, kodwa inyaniso yonke Andixelelwanga.

Nangona indiza phezu kummandla USSR waye kokulwa, wamajoni Russian kwiintloko ukuze enze naziphi na izenzo kumazwe aphesheya. Kunye nokuzimisela ngurhulumente waseSoviet imbuyekezo isiqingatha ilahleko US yaba ukubonakaliswa mood enoxolo. Ingakumbi kuba yacaciswa ukuba kukho yezulu kwi imini yamafu, xa wonke umntu angaya ephosakeleyo ngenxa ukubonakala eliphantsi. Le ngozi yaba Limi.

station Radar, sise kwelinye ekupheleni siqithi, waye ke into yokuba i-US Air Force nako kuthwalelwa phandle aerokontrol kunye nokuthintela isikhululo iliso. Kule ndawo kangangeenkulungwane ngokwemveli balihlutha yokupaka ezinye iintsapho Inuit. Emva kwexesha emva kokuvalwa esitishini, ezempilo zisiba wabonakala kubantu bebonke. Umhlaza nezinye izifo abantu abaye bakhulela kule ndawo, kwenzeka rhoqo. Iyaqhubeka unanamhla, nangona ukuba eUnited States inkqubo eninzi wokucoca ummandla ekutshatyalalisweni esitishini. Iimpawu ubuthi PCBs. Monitoring kuyaqhubeka.

Emva kokushiya labemi wamajoni unelungelo ukuqhuba kumbiwa amathambo nangokukrola, nto leyo "emihadini ithambo" ezimbini sele efunde isixa esikhulu isiqabu kangangeenkulungwane. Yaye abantu banikwa ilungelo lokuba ukuloba kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo zaselwandle kwezi ndawo. Ukufumana amalungelo negalelo kuluntu.