Socialist Fure Sharl kunye neengcamango zakhe. Biography kunye nemisebenzi uCharles Fourier

Osisigxina Socialist Sharl Fure bacinga uluntu efanelekileyo ngaphandle bodwa karhulumente kumandla. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ingcamango ngqiqweni, theory Fourier waba negalelo elibonakalayo Marxism kunye concepts yobusoshiyali.

ebuntwaneni

Aprili 7, 1772 kwi intsapho umthengisi kakhulu esisityebi e Besancon wazala unyana - Fure Sharl. Njengoko umntwana, umntwana ukuba banikwe ithuba elikhulu ekuqondeni Sciences ezahlukeneyo Arts, wayebalasele yi notyekelo kumaphupha yedwa, Sasikuthanda wayefunda nomculo. Loo ebuntwaneni bazilungise yentanda kwaye Babonakalisa sengqondo, nesacacisa kamva umsebenzi inkwenkwe. imfundo esesikweni uCharles izikhewu ezininzi, wafunda kholeji wamaJesuit, yaye kamva umana bafunda izifundo zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo ixesha xa ubomi litshintshile kakhulu. Uyise wafa, nemicimbi yakhe ezazingekho zikwimeko ezikrelekrele. Ngoko ke, i Fourier oneminyaka eli-18 ubudala kwanyanzeleka ukuba eme emva ekhawuntarini evenkileni ukuze bafumane imali ukuzondla, kodwa umphefumlo wakhe oku andixoki.

Le search ngokwayo

Nangona imfuneko ukusebenza, Sharl Fure, ogama Ibhayografi nje ukwenza amathuba imixawuka, wayesoloko ukunxanelwa ulwazi reflection. iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi onzima, iihambo, inzuzo kunye nelahleko ziye zakhokelela ekubeni ngo-1793, Fourier waye umnini-venkile yempahla lwamathanga. Kodwa ngoko kwafika French Revolution, waphelelwa yonke, awathunyelwa emkhosini, apho esibhedlele ngenxa yempilo kwaye kwakhona kwanyanzeleka ukuba baqale umendo wabo, ngoku kunobhala wenkundla ngoko broker. Kodwa lonke eli xesha ukuba akayeki yokusukelana ulwazi, bafunde izinto ezintsha, ebukele ihlabathi ihamba, waza wabonakala iimbono ezahlukeneyo.

wamacebo

iminyaka emininzi abasebenza kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo, Fure Sharl ukwakha iiprojekthi ezahlukahlukeneyo. impracticability okanye eluncedo ephantsi lets bayibiza kweli thuba iiprojektha. Unomdla ezintweni zonke, kwaye ufuna ukuphucula. I Fure Sharl angenise kwiSebe lezoKhuselo isicwangciso phambi ukutya ngendlela entsha, ingqondo yakhe uyasebenza phezu kweenkuni nentsimbi neentsimbi, isebenza iprojekthi phezu ukuthuthwa amajoni ngaphesheya iRhine, oko uphuhlisa iprojekthi ukuyila kwiklasi ekhethekileyo wabathengi. Yonke imisebenzi yakhe amaninzi kunokubangela ukugculelwa kuphela, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuyeka umsebenzi yengqondo Fourier. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-amathathu, ekugqibeleni waqonda lobizo lwakhe - ukuba wenguquko kwezentlalo, yaye inika elininzi ixesha kunye nomgudu.

Ngowe-1803 wabhala enye imbali encinane nkqubo bobukoloniyali, apho wabonisa ngokuphuma ngombono wakhe kunye namandla lesiprofeto. Kamva, ngowe-1808, wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala enkulu "Le Theory of the iintshukumo amane isiphetho jikelele", nto leyo eyaba ungumhambeli phambili kwingcamango ngokupheleleyo Fourier. Le ncwadi ayivulwanga ukuba uCharles ithuba lokuphila kuphela ngomsebenzi wayo lwezenzululwazi, akazange afumane uvavanyo ezintle bexesha lakhe. Kuba ngoxa rhoqo ukulwa ukuze baphile. Kwaye kuphela ngo-1822 ukuba ungumfundi kwaye umxhasi lowo waxhasa kopapasho ncwadi elandelayo.

Imfundiso ubunye

Kudala imisebenzi yokuqala Fourier sotsietarny iqulunqe isicwangciso iinguqu kuluntu longxowankulu. Kamva, imfundiso njengomntwana onengqondo azotywe kwithiyori ubunye. Isithuba lokuqala ngokusesikweni umthambo ingcamango yokuba ubungxowankulu na inyathelo lokugqibela ekuphuhliseni uluntu, linyathelo kuphela kwibutho ukuvumelana jikelele. Wayekholelwa ukuba uluntu kufuneka luqulathe igama emibutho yabasebenzi - phalanges, malunga 2 amawaka abantu, baya kuhlala yokuhlasela.

LezaBasebenzi kunye nenzuzo nokwabelana kulungile, ngokungqinelana neemfuno zabantu. Wayekholelwa ukuba phalansteries ezinjalo ungenza ngoku kwi imali abaququzeleli bentlalo-ntle. Isiseko ikamva nentlalo entle na ithiyori eziyolweni, okt. E. Umnqweno simahla zabantu kufuneka ibe sisiseko zabo anelisekile. Fourier ecetywayo ukutshintsha isakhiwo lonke uluntu, ukuqalela kwimfundo yabantwana, apho, ngokwembono yakhe, akwanelanga nje imfundo usapho. I sazi waba nxamnye utshintsho olululo komyalelo zentlalo, wayekholelwa ukuba capitalism uza kuya nentlalo entle ngokusebenzisa abantu ukuvuthwa. Le uluntu elitsha wabona simahla ukususela ukunyanzelwa hlula yeklasi.

circle abangane

Kule 20 yenkulungwane ye-18, Sharl Fure, ogama iingcamango zaye nokuthandwa, idala ngeenxa isangqa elincinane labantu ezifana-nye. Bathi nje ukuphulaphula iingcinga bulumko, kodwa benza ke popularization iingcamango zakhe. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, sipapashe iimagazini eziliqela, nto leyo basasaze ngemiba Fourierism. Abalandeli izityebi adumileyo mfundiso, ingakumbi abazalwana ungowokubongwa Virgin kunye namasekela lwenza-Dyulari banikela izibalo kakhulu ukwakha yokuhlasela, kodwa ingcamango kwaba balala emqokozweni. Ekubeni amalungu oluntu akazange abe izakhono zabasebenzi kwezolimo kunye nezicwangciso zabo baya ziyeka. Kwisiqingatha sesibini imi--30 eluntwini iza Victor Considerant, abaphinda nokubuyiselwa "ngesikolo", iqala iphephancwadi elitsha kwaye ichitha ixesha elininzi nezibonelelo ukusasazwa izimvo Fourierism. Sonke siyazi ngembali amalinge mane ukudala phalansteries eYurophu naseMelika, kodwa akukho namnye kubo ikwazile ukusinda kwiminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu.

Imiba ephambili

Sazi Fure Sharl, ezibonwe yi ababephila ngehlombe yayo imisebenzi yakha imfundiso yakhe phezu kwezi postulates. Capitalism yakhiwa ezinomkhethe kunye nokusasazwa kobutyebi, ngoko ke ekugqibeleni kutshintshwa kuze kufakwe uhlobo olutsha yoluntu. Le uluntu ifanelekileyo iya kuba phalanges - intsebenziswano, leyo zicwangciswe ngokungqinelana kumthetho Thethani iziqalelo nkampani, baya kuhlala ipropati yabucala, kodwa akuyi kuba ngumthombo yengcinezelo. Eyona uhlobo kwimveliso - ezolimo. Ekubeni injongo ephambili - ukufumana imali ngokugqithiseleyo ukutya ukuthintela imfuneko imoshe nabani na isabelo sazo. Nxaxheba yokuhlasela igalelo kwingxowa-mali eqhelekileyo i izixa ezithile zifumaneka kunye neendlela zokuvelisa. Umntu ngamnye ukhetha uhlobo lomsebenzi ngokungqinelana ubuchule babo kunye notyekelo, ngoko ke isebenza ngokuzinikela nobumnandi. Ikakhulu eluntwini elizayo ngayo umbutho elifanelekileyo ngesifo sephepha,

meaning Fourierism

Sharl Fure - yobusoshiyali, nephupha, zibe nempembelelo ebalulekileyo Marx kunye Engels. Ke wavuma ukuba iingcamango nephupha of Fourier wabavumela ukuba bafumane ekunene indlela ukudala uluntu ngokulinganayo. ubukomanisi Scientific of Marx wakhula ngaphandle kwengcamango "ubunye", ukuqhekeza amanye amaxesha ayo nephupha.

On Fourier ezweni igqalwa enye yawona ezinkulu ngenkulungwane ye-19, imisebenzi yakhe bafunda kwiiyunivesithi.

In Russia-40 imfundiso 19 ka Charles Fourier kwakhona ufumana abaxhasi ezininzi, baba phakathi Butashevich-Petrashevsky kunye Annenkov. Circle Petrashevists nokuba zijolise ekwakheni yokuhlasela eRashiya, kodwa oku kuthintele ekubanjweni entloko. Yokuziphatha zokufundisa izimvo Fourier abanomdla ezifunyenwe yi Chernyshevsky.