San Marino Republic: iindawo ezinika, iifoto

Umbuzo wokuba ingaba ilizwe ngenkonzo ikwiRiphablikhi of San Marino, kuba baseRashiya akusoloko efanelekileyo, kuba kangako ngayo uyazi. Urhulumente, nangona ubukhulu bayo isinciphiso, unembali kunye nenkcubeko etyebileyo. Namhlanje, kwiRiphabliki of San Marino na elo lizwe incinane ehlabathini, kodwa oku nje kuphela ngenxa yokuba oko malini kutyelela eli lizwe.

Isiseko se San Marino

Urhulumente, leyo ngoku ibizwa ngokuba "Republic of San Marino", lusekelwe kwindawo elide-waphila-in. ngabembi bezinto zakudala zibonisa ukuba abantu ahlala apha kule nkulungwane yeminyaka. Kodwa imbali kwixwebhu lizwe iqala ngo-298, xa, ngokutsho legend wengingqi, saint Marin, ngubani babaleka intshutshiso, bagqiba ekubeni umhlala ehlabathini yeNtaba Titano. Engcwele evela kwelaseDalmati, apho yathotyelwa kwimeko intshutshiso ngenxa yeenkolelo zawo zonqulo. Yena waqesha ichule ukusebenza e Rimini, uze emva koko uye wabheka intaba wedwa, nto leyo ngenaniwakrukrile umqolomba cell yakhe. pilo Marino waqalisa ukutsala nabasemzini kulo, yaye ngeenxa liya ekuhlaleni, yaye emva koko waququzelela eMonastri, nto leyo kweli lizwe kwaye igqalwa loqalo lwencopho imbali kunye nomthombo igama eli lizwe.

Kukho ubungqina obubhaliweyo bokuba ngenkulungwane 6 kukho khona i weemonki elizimeleyo. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane 7 oko kwaba iyangena kwizizwe ezahlukeneyo: i Saracens, Magyars, kodwa kugcina ukuzimela yayo. Oku lula kwindawo lula kakhulu ukuziphendulela, ngaphandle lendela besebenza kwi ziingqolo woonongendi, akha iindonga, wenza emigodini.

geography

Namhlanje, kwiRiphabliki of San Marino lingqongwe yimeko ka-Italy. Le ise kwithambeka kumzantsi-ntshona entabeni massif of Monte Titano. 80% ye-lizwe edliwe iintaba. Monte Titanium uye iincopho ezintathu, nganye kudala abantu. Piedmont Apennines plain ezifanelekileyo kwezolimo kwaye sezulu lweMeditera. Winter e San Marino ubanda kakhulu, ingakumbi Februwari, xa ubushushu ifikelela zero zokubhala. Summer unomoya, ubushushu ngo-Agasti nangoSeptemba. Xa iindawo weentaba isoloko ezipholileyo ngaphezu amathafa. Le ndawo lizwe imalunga 60 square metres. km. San Marino - Republic, bahlala kwiimeko kakhulu ezinzima. Ubomi akukho lula kummandla weentaba, kodwa eye wavumela abahlali balapha ukuba abasebenzisi abakhethekileyo nokudala inkcubeko ekhethekileyo.

indaba

Ngokuthe ngcembe lo isigodlo athenge umhlaba omelene ukusuka abalimi kunye nokwandisa nemfuyo yabo. Kukho geqe, oko kukuthi rhoqo phantsi nokoyikiswa ukufunxeka eyomeleleyo kunye namazwe amakhulu. Ngenkulungwane ye-13 San Marino inxaxheba longquzulwano Ghibellines kunye Guelph ngokuthatha ecaleni yokuqala, eli lizwe umsindo nesiqalekiso uPopu Innocent yesine.

San Marino - Republic, nto leyo rhoqo afikelwa inkohliso of ukubanjwa kuko lula, ukutyhubela iinkulungwane eziliqela phantsi koxinzelelo olunzima kwaye neenzame ukucinezelwa yi-kweqiwa neRoma. Ukuze simelane nokuhlaselwa ezinjalo, eli lizwe ukubonisa ebalulekileyo amazwe.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala kwinkulungwane ye-15 weRiphabliki wangena umfelandawonye Alfonso Okwesihlanu, leyo wamvumela ukuba aqhubeke Fiorentino nqaba. Ngowe-1462 ngoncedo San Marino emfazweni nxamnye Malatesta wabhenela UPope Pius II. Isiphumo ngempumelelo kwale manyano izise amandla republic phezu kwiilali ezintathu.

Ngenkulungwane ye-16, eRome wenze iinzame eziliqela ukunyanzelisa irhafu San Marino, wada abhenele ekusebenziseni amandla, kodwa kwiriphabliki ukugcina ukuzimela yayo. Ngowe-1543-m amajoni kweqiwa wathumela ukufaka kwiriphabliki, ukuba ulahlekile kwi ngamahlathi kwiNtaba Titano, olu loyiso ngaphandle kwegazi isekhona iholide kawonke kweli lizwe.

ngenkulungwane ye-18 kunye 19 kwenzeka ukuma lufanayo kwingcinezelo. Kodwa uNapoleon wanikela San Marino ubuhlobo lobuhlobo. Musa ukuyichukumisa ilizwe omncinane kwaye i-Congress of eVienna. Eli lizwe isiba yindawo yokusithela iimbacu kwezopolitiko, umba apho urhulumente akuvumelekanga kunye nangenkuthalo wayendikhusela emizamweni ukuba ngenkani. Republic nako ukumthintela ulongamo yayo xa uzama sizidibanise kuhlanganiselo zorhwebo zayo nguPopu Pius weThoba kunye ubunye Italy ngo-1860. Ngexesha World War San Marino wahlala cala, nangona kwakungelula.

In iMfazwe Yehlabathi II eli lizwe phantsi bombing lesiphoso-moya yaseBritani ngo-1944. NgoJulayi waloo nyaka, imikhosi yaseJamani bakwazi ukuhlala ngokufutshane ummandla kwiriphabliki, weza yokuphepha iye yanceda amaNgesi ukuba abagxothe aba bahlaseli. Emva koko, eli lizwe uyakwazi ukugcina ukuzimela yayo kwada kwanamhla.

isiko

Ukuphila kweli lizwe siyazingca ukuvakalisa ukuba Republic of San Marino yeyona lizwe incinane ehlabathini, yaye oku kuqonda sisiseko isimo sabo. Apha ukulondoloza ngocoselelo izithethe zesizwe kunye self-ungubani, nangona impembelelo kwimimandla yelizwe Italy mkhulu kakhulu.

Eyona Ixabiso yabantu - intsapho. Oku ngokumangalisayo kakhulu kudlalwa imitshato, ezinjengeentlambo abantwana manani mtshato liphantsi kakhulu. Abahlali States ezincinanana bayazi kakuhle indlela ebalulekileyo esiphelweni kumlo ochasene ihlabathi ndlongondlongo ngaphandle, ngoko ke ingqondo yoluntu apha phezulu kakhulu. lizwe, wazifihla kwenza leeholide zikazwelonke ukuguqula phantse isidlo jikelele, apho iitafile babekwa ezitratweni, apho bonke abantu bahlale phantsi.

Kukho iweb eninzi wemithendeleko yelizwe yavela emva yamandulo kwimbali yamaRoma. Festival aphakathi ngoJulayi isiba uloyiso ethandwa: abantu banxibe izinxibo, umdaniso, yiya kwi imingcelele, lungiselela izitya yesizwe. Ukuze uqonde ukuba inkcubeko le meko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula, kulo naliphi na ilizwe i Republic of San Marino - Italy. Ngoko inkcubeko efana kakhulu nenkcubeko ummelwane onamandla, kuba enongwe kuphela ezinomnyinyivane ikratshi elikhulu kwilizwe labo.

Republic namhlanje

Ukuqwalasela isakhiwo karhulumente kweli lizwe, ungabuza: San Marino - uyiRhiphablikhi okanye lobukhosi? Impendulo ayimangalisi: San Marino - kwiriphabliki indala ehlabathini. Nokuba ngexesha kokuwa eRoma yamandulo, lo mmandla ulawulwa ibamba elinyuliweyo, yaye ngoko ke kuqhubeka kude kube ngoku. Njani eli lizwe ezincinane ukugcina umyalelo wayo zentlalo imeko loo ithi ezinamandla ulawulo monarchical, apho wazama ukuba zifake yonke imida ngeenxa zonke? Mystery. Kodwa namhlanje ilizwe ilawulwa ezimbini ibamba kunyulwa iinyanga ezintandathu. Ngenxa inani labantu kweli lizwe (32 000 zabantu), kuthathwa ukuba phantse wonke umntu unalo ithuba kanye ebomini kutyelelo ibamba.

San Marino na ilungu le-EU, kodwa unelungelo lokukhupha inani elithile zemali euro kunye neempawu zabo. uqoqosho lwelizwe ubukhulu becala ukubonelela imimandla yezimali: zebhanki, i-inshorensi, urhwebo. Lo kwishishini ebalulekileyo kunye nokhenketho. Apha ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-3 utyelelo kunyaka ngamnye. Kukho malunga nama-30 zokuhlala, kunazo kwidolophu Serravalle, ulikhaya abantu emhlabeni 10,000. Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni San Marino - Italian. Ukuze batyelele kuyimfuneko ukuba ikhuphe Schengen visa, moya yayo kweli lizwe ayikho, nezibuko umoya olulandelayo eItaly, umzekelo, e Rimini.

izinto

Namhlanje le Republic of San Marino ezinika leyo umdla omkhulu kubakhenkethi, yenye ziintshatsheli yamazwe ngenani ezikhumbuzo zembali yenkcubeko square metre nganye. Urhulumente wakwazi ukugcina ezimbalwa izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo bamaXesha Aphakathi. indlela woKhanketho kufuneka iquke zoviwo inqaba phezu kwentaba Titano, nebhotwe karhulumente, a neoclassical Basilica del Santo, eyakhiwa ngo-1838 ngumzobi Antonio Serra, lwezitrato elidala. Iziko umzi lonke kunye neNtaba Titano zikhuselwe njengeziza UNESCO. Kuba umhambi kakhulu lokufuna e San Marino kukho iicawa ezininzi, iinqaba kunye iintsalela umdla izakhiwo yamandulo. Of umdla ezithile isango mandulo San Francesco lwe ngenkulungwane ye-14, ngalo wangena ilizwe ngolwasemzini, ibandla Pieve del Santo - enye ezikhumbuzo yokuqala yobuKristu, ibandla San Francesco kunye loonongendi osecaleni, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-15. Eli lizwe ngokwembali kudityaniswe amacandelo olawulo 9, iyileyo usenalo enqabeni yayo ephakathi.

inqaba

San Marino weRiphabliki, kuyo yonke imbali yayo, walwela inkululeko, abe yinkulu ezizodwa. Xa kwiNtaba Titano waba ixhaphayo ezintathu iindonga inqaba, eyaqala ukuba kwakhiwe kwangethuba kangangoko kwenkulungwane ye-10. Namhlanje, inxalenye kummandla khange walondolozwa, kodwa kukho udonga ngoyaba ngeenxa phezulu. Monte Titano uye iincopho ezintathu, ngamnye kubo ziinqaba ukuzithethelela kunye neendonga. Rocca Guaita (First Tower) wabonakala ngenkulungwane ye-11, le nqaba zilurhangqile iqulathe lemiqolo ezimbini kweendonga inqaba, intsimbi inyango, iimboniselo.

Namhlanje le nqaba unako lizakundwendwelwa, neendonga zaso kunye iimbono kakhulu entilini. Castello imicimbi cesta - nenqaba yesibini - elakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-13 kwi incopho liphezulu entabeni. Ekulondolozweni inqaba yinto entle kakhulu, kukho ngukumkani umoya kumaXesha Aphakathi, njengoko kummandla sikwindawo yimyuziyam kwezixhobo yamandulo. Umphezulu wesithathu lihombise Montale inqaba elakhiwa ngenkulungwane yokuqala 14. Hlola ingongoma umdla kunokuba nje phandle.

Palace National

The Republic of San Marino, iifoto apho kuchaphazela umoya yamandulo, abanekratshi nje kuphela izakhiwo ukuzithethelela. Inkululeko Square kumi zobungangamela Palazzo Publico, uRhulumente Palace. Ku yakhiwa ngumzobi Francesco Azzurri kwi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ngo-style neo-zwe. Palace ukhangela mkhulu kakhulu, neendonga zaso unika iimbono ezintle. Palace ngaphakathi ahonjiswe ngendlela ephakathi. Nangona into yokuba namhlanje phezu kwebhotwe isihlalo sikarhulumente kweli lizwe, apha unako ukufumana ukhenketho ekhokelwa.

Izinto ukuyenza San Marino

Le ndawo shopping ethandwa ngingqi - yiyo Republic of San Marino. Italy, ngakumbi ngqo, kubahlali bayo, ngeempela-veki uthanda Wamkhwelisa nakwimo elincinane yokuthenga. Oku kungenxa yokuba San Marino ibe iinzuzo zerhafu kunye neemveliso eziqhelekileyo zinokubiza sitshiphu. Ngoko ke, abakhenkethi akholisa ukuchitha ixesha labo mahala ezivenkileni. Apha uyakwazi ukuthenga iziqholo, iimpahla ezintle yesikhumba (iingxowa, izihlangu, iimpahla) ngamaxabiso aphantsi kwe-e-Italy. Kukho ezininzi ezineevenkile enkulu, ezifundisa ngezaphulelo kakhulu ngezinto ezininzi. Of umdla kakhulu utyelelo kwiimalike zasekuhlaleni, apho uyakwazi ukungcamla zamasi okumnandi kunye fresh kakhulu ekuhlaleni, intlanzi entsha adle, sewayini egcinwe incasa kunye ayi kuthenga njengezikhumbuzo ezityiwayo ekhaya.

Iihambo abathandi ezihamba kunye isikhokelo zokuhlala ezininzi kweli lizwe, ukuze ubone ezinye zakhe ezinde, ngaphandle ikomkhulu, ukuze uqhelane kunye ubomi sanmarintsev zesiqhelo. Kuba kakhulu ebhegini ekhwela unikeza ntaka phezu lizwe. Kwakhona ixesha free olinikela ekuhambeni, izitalato entsonkothileyo, iintaba, neengqili zezona ukuhlolwa ukuphumla. Ukuze ekhwela encotsheni, ungenza uthathe imoto intambo. Kufuneka uziphe ixesha esweni kutshintshwe abalinde Palace Government.

San Marino - iiholide lizwe, apha ziqhutywa imithendeleko ezininzi zobugcisa, ukupheka, umculo yobuhlanga, bezandla. Ngoko ke, andizange ndibe nengxaki ntoni.

olondolozo lwembali

Kuba abakhenkethi ukwazi Republic of San Marino, Italy inika ezahlukeneyo lwembali. Le yimyuziyam umdla nxaniso, apho ingqokelela izixhobo sentuthumbo, imyuziyam yamanani wax, yokufuna ulwazi, Aviation Museum of cars elite "Ferrari", nto leyo waqokelela imifuziselo 250 iimoto kule brand kule minyaka. Kwaye ke imyuziyam engundoqo ye lizwe, malunga ngembali karhulumente. Kuba abathandi bemifanekiso Pinakothek San Francesco inika ingqokelela elungileyo lwemizobo ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-14 kwaye ingqokelela ekhethekileyo yezinto zonqulo Order Franciscan.

ekhishini

The Republic of San Marino eItali, ngokunjalo ummelwane wayo owaziwa, idume yokupheka yayo. Cuisine apha ngamandla embhoxo Italian, unga zama iinketho zakho ukucola okubonisa ikeyiki "a la pizza." Belambile e San Marino ukuhlala akunakwenzeka, apha kukho inani elikhulu zokudla, cafes kunye iindawo ukutya esitratweni. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yembotyi lesuphu elingqingqwa kunye Bacon, ikhekhe "Titan" lwenkqubo mandatory, isonka elithozamisayo zeerasintyisi zifakwe anisette. Eli lizwe lidume kakhulu incasa yawo eyodwa nobusi, amafutha omnquma ezizodwa nabeengingqi.

inkcazelo eluncedo

San Marino - Republic wazifela kakhulu, kodwa zokuhamba apha usebenza enkulu, nangona iziko inikwa kubahambi ngeenyawo. Imoto kungashiywa kwi zokupaka iimoto-level multi ezininzi. Eli lizwe lithathe yonke ukuhlawula ngekhadi bank, nangona imali yamkelwe ngokuzithandela kakhulu. Kuba ukungena elizweni kuza kufuneka ube nencwadana yokundwendwela kunye inshorensi yezonyango. Njengoko kundikhumbuza San Marino ekuthengeni impahla yesikhumba, iiseramikhi, izacholo, iimveliso zesinyithi kwaphunyezwa, namafutha omnquma zewayini lasekuhlaleni ibhotile ezintle.

San Marino - cwaka kakhulu, ilizwe nobuhlobo ekhuselekileyo. Kukho phantse akukho isiganeko ezigatya kwenzeka, kodwa isilumkiso akuthethi buhlungu, kuba amatyala pickpocketing kunye nobuqhetseba xa urhwebo lwenzeka.