Rembrandt ne Vincent Van Gogh - artists ezinkulu Dutch

Netherlands - ilizwe eyahlukileyo banika ihlabathi ngaphezu kweshumi abaculi ezibalaseleyo. abayili abaziwayo, amagcisa kunye beqonga nje abanetalente - nantsi uluhlu encinane, nto leyo bebukisa le meko encinane.

Nokugqama vutshila Holland

okuchithwa art nokuchuma elithile yathatha ixesha elifutshane e-Holland. Eli xesha iquka kwinkulungwane XVII lonke, kodwa ubungakanani ngokubaluleka kwalo data mkhulu isakhelo lwamaxesha. amagcisa Dutch ixesha baba ngumzekelo omhle isizukulwana esizayo amagcisa. Ukuze loo mazwi akazange ayivakali aluhlaza, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye amagama Rembrandt ne Hals, uMbumbi kunye Ruisdael, siyomelezwa ngonaphakade kwimo yaso i inkosi nanto lwemifanekiso olusengqiqweni.

ummeli kubaluleke kakhulu yokudweba Flemish uJan Vermeer. Oku kucingwa ukuba umlinganiswa kunazo zonke kwi zebhola yokudweba Dutch, njengoko ukwaziwa ekudleni kwakhe ubomi, yena waphulukana umdla umntu yakhe ngaphantsi kwe-kwekhulu enesiqingatha. Malunga iinkcukacha zomntu kanye, omncinane uyaziwa Vermeer, ubukhulu becala Umhlaziyi wobuciko uphando ibali ngaye xa kunjalo ngokufunda imisebenzi yakhe, yaye kwakukho nobunzima - umzobi phantse akazange ga ngemizobo yakhe. Ezibaluleke kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo yobuhle lwembono kucingelwa ukuba umsebenzi Jan "sisicakakazi kunye ijagi ubisi" yaye "Girl kunye nencwadi."

Akukho idume kangako yaye lifanelwe amagcisa intlonelo baba uHans Memling, Ieronim Boskh, misebenzi Jan van Eyck. Onke amagcisa eyenza isibheno lwasekhaya uhlobo ukupeyinta, kubonakala lifes kunjalo, ubume kunye eni.

ukupeyinta Dutch ushiye uphawu yayo kuphuhliso koko zobugcisa French kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVII kwaye iye yaba imodeli komhlaba eziyinyani, ezenziwa ngethuba le Renaissance. Hayi, ndayihluthwa ingqalelo abazobi realist Dutch kunye Russian. Sinokutsho ukuba ubuciko Dutch intuthuko kunye nabameli Baphela ukuba ziboniswe kwi web igcisa ngamnye obalaseleyo zipeyintwe izifundo zendalo.

Rembrandt kwelifa lakhe

Igama elipheleleyo wegcisa - Rembrandt Van Reyn. Wazalwa kwi esimnandi 1606 kwintsapho elifumileyo noko ngezo ntsuku. Njengoko lo mntwana yesine, yena wafumana imfundo elungileyo. Uyise wayefuna unyana wakhe izidanga eyunivesithi waza waba isikhulu, kodwa akulindeleyo abazange lizaliseke ngenxa inkqubela inkwenkwe ephantsi kaThixo, ngoko zonke iinzame zange kube senyanyeni, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukunika indlela eya mfo uze wamkele umnqweno wakhe ukuba ube umculi.

Masters Rembrandt baba amagcisa Dutch uJacob van Svanenbyurh kunye Pieter Lastman. Eyokuqala yaba izakhono kunokuba eliphakathi kwi ukupeyinta, kodwa wakwazi ukwenza ngokubhekiselele ubuntu bakhe, ekubeni ixesha elide elichithwa eItali, ukunxibelelana, kunye nokusebenza kunye namagcisa zasekuhlaleni. Rembrandt wayesondele elide ooYakobi waya kufuna umfundisi Amsterdam. Apho ke wazibandakanya imfundiso kuPetros Lastmanu, waba ngumcebisi lwakhe lokwenyaniso. Ezifundisayo umfana ubuchule lokukrola, kangangoko ukuba bagcine bomhla.

Njengoko kungqinwa wizard eyenziweyo amanani amakhulu, Rembrandt baba gqitha zimilile yi wegcisa 1628. Isiseko imizobo yakhe walala phantsi naziphi na izinto ezibe kungekho ngaphandle, ubuso babantu. Ukuxoxa eni lamagcisa Dutch, singasathethi igama Rembrandt, yena iminyaka wakhe waduma italente ephawulekayo kule nkalo. Wabhala eninzi self-eni, enemifanekiso yabantu uyise nonina, ngoku zigcinwa amaziko.

Rembrandt ngokukhawuleza zithanda e Amsterdam, kodwa oko akuthethi uyeke ukuphucula. Kwiminyaka engama-30 kwinkulungwane XVII, wadala wemisebenzi yakhe edumileyo "Le Isifundo Anatomy", "Portrait Koppenolya". An into umdla kukuba lo gama Rembrandt utshata USachs ezintle, kunye nexesha echumayo nenala uzuko iqala ebomini bakhe. Young amaSaxons waba Ndithelekelele wegcisa kwaye eziqulathwe mfanekiso mnye, Noko ke, njengoko oko kungqinwa abagxeki, iimpawu zayo zifumaneka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwezinye eni of the inkosi.

Wafa ubuhlwempu, ngaphandle kokufelwa obafunyanwa nguye ngexesha ingqalelo yakhe ebomini. yobuciko zakhe ubukhulu becala bakwicandelo onke amaziko amakhulu ehlabathini. Ngoko linokubizwa ngokuba inkosi, umsebenzi wakhe Yindibanisela zonke womzobo ephakathi olusengqiqweni. Nngokobuchwepheshe, umsebenzi wakhe ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba ofanelekileyo, kuba akukho ngokushushu ukunyaniseka lokwakha design. Eyona nkalo ibalulekileyo ubugcisa, wenza eme phakathi kwizikolo yokudweba yaba umdlalo wakhe nanto ukukhanya nethunzi.

Vincent Van Gogh - indlela yentsimbi lihle

Ukuva ibinzana elithi "artists enkulu Dutch," Abantu abaninzi nangoko bazobe intloko yam umfanekiso Vincent Van Gogh, nangaphandle kwamathandabuzo entle futhi limnandi imifanekiso yakhe, ethe yaziswa de emva kokufa kwakhe.

Lo mntu unako kothiwa elikhethekileyo ubuntu yayo ngobubele kunye nobuhlakani. Njengoko unyana ka yomfundisi, van Gogh, ezifana umzalwana wakhe, waya amanyathelo kayise. Vincent imfundo yezenkolo yaye nokuba ngumshumayeli kwidolophu saseBelgium Borinage. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe njenge arhente ikhomishini kunye neentlobo yokuhamba. Noko ke, le nkonzo kukuliphi kunye nomfowunelwa olusondeleyo basemgodini nitty-gritty zavuselelwa buchopho abaselula ingqiqo engaphakathi sikweni. ucamngca mihla ubomi endle kunye nabantu abasebenza, Vincent waba eliphefumlelweyo kangangokuba waqalisa ukuzoba.

Amagcisa Dutch waziwa kwimizobo bakhe kunye nenkangeleko. Mna kungekho ngaphandle kwaye Vincent Van Gogh. Numbers yakhe alahle yonke kwaye uqalisa ukungena ukupeyinta. Ixesha zabona ukudalwa kwemisebenzi odumileyo "Potato ababe-" akhe, "yamahlwempu Mfazi". Yonke imisebenzi yakhe igcwele novelwano wokuthenga abantu abaqhelekileyo, abondla lonke elo lizwe, kodwa nzima ukondla iintsapho zabo.

kamva Vincent wathumela Paris, kwaye ugqaliselo umsebenzi wakhe Kuthi ezahlukeneyo. Kukho i izihloko ndixakekile yaye entsha novelwano. Kuphekwe yokuphila nokutshata kumfazi olihenyukazi, kwaye zibonisiwe ngobugcisa bakhe, nto leyo ebonakala gca film "Night Cafe", "Walk amabanjwa."

Ukuba abangane Gauguin

Ukususela ku-1886, van Gogh waba nomdla ekufundeni Impressionist iPlein lomoya ukupeyinta, kunye nokubonisa umdla zenja Japanese. Kwaba evela kuloo mzuzu kwimisebenzi le womzobi olijonga iimpawu Gauguin kunye Toulouse-Lautrec. Oku kubonakala kakhulu kwi umbala kokutshintshwa isimo transfer. Imisebenzi baqale ukongamela ilaphu ifumile qanda, bhlowu "Ndileka". I imizobo yokuqala imibala iimpawu baba "Bridge phezu Seine" yaye "Umfanekiso Pere Tanguy." dazzles yokugqibela kunye nokubengezela kwawo kunye omzimba ngqindilili.

Ubuhlobo phakathi Gauguin no Van Gogh babenxiba ukuhlanganisa: xa obuza nempembelelo umsebenzi ngamnye enye, nangona kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezichazayo, izipho ngenkuthalo bebetshatiswa ngokohlobo lwemizobo zakhe abadinwa baphikisana. Umahluko phakathi abalinganiswa, indawo bethingaza Vincent, ababekholelwa ukuba brushwork yakhe "bestial lwasemaPhandleni", yabangela imbambano. Ngandlel 'ithile, Gauguin waba phantsi emhlabeni umntu, kunokuba kulo, en Gogh. Nkanuko ulwalamano lwabo lonyuka ukuze ngenye imini baphikisana kwi cafes bawathandayo Vincent yaphosa iglasi absinthe Gauguin kaThixo. Inkani, zange iphele kule, yaye ngosuku olulandelayo, kulandele uluhlu olude izityholo kwicala Gauguin, owathi, ngokutsho Van Gogh, wenza zonke izono ebulalayo. Kwaba ekupheleni kwebali i umDatshi ayibambe yaye abaxinezelekileyo wonqanyulwa, angabikho intwana yakhe indlebe, waza ngobubele wamnika njengesipho ihenyukazi.

amagcisa Dutch, kungakhathaliseki ubudala ubomi babo, zingqineke ngokuphindaphindiweyo uluntu layo style nanto banyamezela imizuzu zobomi kwi ngelaphu. Kodwa mhlawumbi mntu ehlabathini asikhange makube kokuzifaneleyo isihloko buchopho, ngaphandle enalo ingcamango nakancinane ubuchule umzobo, nokwakha ubume kunye neendlela transmission yokuluka. Vincent Van Gogh i ngezipho yendalo, nto leyo ikwazile ukufikelela ingqalelo Bulelani yamazwe ukuzingisa kwakhe, ukucaca kwengqondo lunxano kakhulu ubomi.