Nerorho - ntoni na? Ucalulo and luncedo iimpawu

Iintlobo-ntlobo okuziinkozo ehlabathini wabonisa imali enkulu. umsebenzi lokuvelisa kunye ezi zityalo exabisekileyo eziqhubekayo. Kuzo zonke iintlobo afumana ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kutshanje ufanelwe nerorho. Into obuyiyo nento esetyenziselwa izityalo, bonke ukuxoxwa ingenkcukacha kweli nqaku.

A bit mbono

Susa ingqolowa hybrid nespelete ukuba idibanisa iingenelo zombini ezi zityalo, zebhayoloji baye bazama ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19. Noko ke, ngelishwa, yenze ixesha elide ngaphandle kwempumelelo. Isizathu Ilula kakhulu. Inyaniso kukuba phakathi zofuzo yengqolowa nespelete na relatedness yemfuza engekho ngokupheleleyo.

Le hybrid yokuqala iintlobo ezimbini okuziinkozo yaveliswa ngokuwela eqhelekileyo kakhulu ixesha elide - Noko ke, ngo-1875, inkcubeko asuka kwaba abawaziyo. In isizukulwana wesibini gqith engumphumela lwanamathela nje iintlobo umzali. Kakade ke, akuzange kwenzeke ukuba kukhule.

izazinzulu luck

Ngophuhliso yemfuza kunye zebhayoloji nokuzalana wakwazi ukufumana phandle ukuzisa nespelete nengqolowa ngxilimbela echumayo ungakwazi kuphela ukuliphinda zofuzo isizukulwana yokuqala. Ngelo xesha kulungiselelwa ezi data yenzululwazi olu hlobo okuziinkozo, Isimanga, sele likhona. Waye yakhulela yi zezenzululwazi waseJamani V. Rimpau ngo-1888. Kabini ye zofuzo kwi gqith efunyenwe kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo.

Lo umgca wokuqala inkcubeko entsha ezineempawu ezizodwa okwalandela okhule iifama kwiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Enyanisweni, ke yena ukuba impendulo umbuzo nerorho - ntoni na? Eli igama engaqhelekanga ukuba uhlobo olutsha okuziinkozo zange wakhethwa ngengozi. Kwathi inxalenye yokuqala amagama yesiLatini ingqolowa (Triti) kunye nenxalenye yesibini - nespelete (cale).

ngezigaba

Okwangoku, umsebenzi ukheto nge nerorho (ifoto le nkcubeko kungabonwa kwiphepha) luqhutywa kumacala ezimbini eziphambili. Izazi ziyaphucuka:

• ukondla kwibakala elitsha;
• okuziinkozo.

Iintlobo zokuqala nerorho aziintanga ixesha sokulima uze ukuchetywa ifidi eluhlaza kunye silage. A isici esasenza yezi ntlobo mude.

Ukucoca iintlobo nerorho okuziinkozo eqhutywa bendinjalo ngobisi-wax. Ukuvuna kubangele ithunyelwa ubukhulu enkulu phezu iinkampani ababandakanyekayo ekuveliseni ukutya kwemfuyo.

scope

Kakade ke, izilwanyana ayikho indawo kuphela lwezoqoqosho, nanto leyo esetyenziselwa nerorho. Yintoni na Sofunyanwa. Olu uhlobo ngokwesiseko esitsha zengqolowa, esebenza, Kakade, kunokwenzeka ukuba imveliso yomgubo. Ngoko ke, enye indawo yoqoqosho, nto leyo lisetyenziswa nerorho, into yokudla.

rhoqo esetyenziswa lo umgubo inkcubeko, umzekelo, njengoko isongezo, ngenxa ukubhaka isonka sengqolowa. ukusetyenziswa kwayo ungakwazi ukwandisa ipesenti umxholo iiprothini imveliso yokugqibela. Kwakhona, nerorho umgubo, luphawulwa ngeempawu ezithile, isoloko isetyenziswa kwishishini confectionery le. Ngenxa yokuba ukuba obubalaseleyo gluten esemgangathweni, eziveliswa esuka kuyo muffins elungileyo kakhulu, iikeyiki kunye ophaya.

Ngaphandle kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo incasa egqwesileyo kunye nomxholo eliphezulu iiprothini lula ukutya, nerorho umgubo kwaye enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo. Isonka, iikeyiki, ehla njalo. E., zosiwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo ixesha elide lukhuni.

Lidla zazisetyenziswa ukhozo inkcubeko kunye kwishishini nokupheka le. Imithombo elungiselelwe ngoko kukho umsebenzi omkhulu enzymatic. Ngaloo ndlela Tritikalevoe Wort yahlukile umbala thile imnyama ngakumbi irhasi, kwaye utywala wafumana kulowo kangako womelele.

Iimpawu kulinywe

Nangona inani elikhulu kwiipropati luncedo, ukuqondwa woshishino "ingqolowa" nerorho wafumana kutshanje kuphela. Kuba ixesha lokuqala olu hlobo wentsimi yengqolowa uzilime kuphela ngo-1970 e-Canada, i-US kunye iHungary. Kwi-USSR, nerorho waqala ukukhula 1976 (kwi-Ukraine).

Ngelishwa, inkqubo yokuqalisa esi sityalo kwemveliso yezolimo nangoku kade kakhulu. Izizathu iingcali ukubona ingakumbi kwezinye ubunzima nokulinywa le yesityalo. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi kwiintlobo ezidla nerorho.

On silage olu hlobo ingca xa ibakala kulima - oko kukuthi, xa lisephantsi kakhulu. Xa ukuvuthwa ubisi-wax isiko kuye isiqu eliphezulu kakhulu, yaye ngaloo ndlela balale. Kwaye ke kuqokelela ke imbewu nerorho kunzima kakhulu kumafama. abasebenzi Agricultural kufuneka ukufumana iskhitryatsya nezinto kokutyala, usebenzisa iindlela ezizodwa, obugcisa kakhulu inzima.

Cereal imihlobo le nkcubeko njengosuku lokuqaphela okhethekileyo ezingekafumani. Kulo mzekelo, lo mba ngokuyintloko ukuya conservatism kunye inxalenye ethile amafama nokubhala Russian. Abalimi nje uvakalelwa umnqweno ukukhula nerorho. Yintoni ke bona, Kakade ke, bayazi. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko zabo nangoku ngokubanzi kukholelwa ukuba isizukulwana yesibini zahlulwe zaba iifom nerorho lwabazali. Isibakala sokuba le amasimi izityalo ezi nespelete eliqhelekileyo nengqolowa ngendlela esulungekileyo.

Noko ke, phakathi, okanye kunye pereopylilis yabazali ingqolowa nerorho akakwazi ngokwenkcazelo. Rye, nokwengqolowa kwiinkalo zawo zikhule kuphela ngenxa ukuxuba izinto lokutyala xa uhlamba. Ukwenzela ukuthintela oku kungenzeki, nje ukudibanisa ngocoselelo icocwe phambi kokutyala.

iingenelo nerorho

Ixabiso le intsha ngeentlobo zeesiriyeli ilele kakhulu into yokuba idibanisa iimpawu kakhulu izityalo ezifana ingqolowa nespelete. Nerorho evela ifomu yokuqala umzali "wathabatha" iimpawu okuziinkozo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ngomhla wesibini - hardiness ebusika kunye nokusebenziseka yesondlo. Kule izivuno zezityalo, ngenxa abaninzi-zidubule (ezifana ingqolowa) kunye tillering (as in rye), obuphakamileyo zombini iifom yabazali.

Ukongeza, i-nerorho inzuzo ziquka:

• inkqubo iingcambu zikhula kakuhle;
• ukukwazi self-uvuvuzelo.

Kuye le inkcubeko kunye inomnye umsebenzi umdla. It zikhuliswa kwiindawo abanesidanga olude eliphezulu kokungcola. Isizathu kulula. Isibakala sokuba nerorho ngenkankulu siyakrazula atom zomhlaba.

izakhiwo eziluncedo

Ukuze ukhule le isityalo kwi feed ukutya kwishishini, kucetyiswa ukuba okokuqala zonke ngenxa umxholo wayo protein eninzi. Ngu esi salathisi nerorho ukhozo lwengqolowa ngaphezu kwe-9.5%, kunye nerhasi, nemali yengqolowa - 40%. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iproteni yalo inkcubeko kwakhona acid acid elungileyo kakhulu kuqamba.

Ngaphandle protein tritikalevaya umgangatho yomgubo yenziwa Micro ezinoncedo ezifana potassium, iphosphate, ikopolo, manganese, njl Kwakhona, oko kuquka vitamin iqela PP B, E. nokudla iimpawu yomgubo kwenza imveliso efanelekileyo kakhulu abalupheleyo, iimbaleki nabo bonke abo ababesakuba ukubukela umzimba wakhe.

Ukubhaka le mveliso luncedo zingasetyenziswa kuphela kushishino kodwa kweli khaya. amakhosikazi amaninzi phawula into yokuba izonkana eziyolisa intliziyo, muffins, iikeyiki kunye neebhiskithi ukusuka umgubo ifunyenwe tritikalevoy kakhulu oluchumileyo ngaphezu ingqolowa kunesiqhelo. Kakade ke, ungenza eziko le mveliso semi-igqityiwe kunye nezikonsi ekhaya okanye isonka. A isici esasenza yezi mveliso na incasa elihle elithozamisayo mixture. Kodwa eqweqweni ukusuka isonka tritikalevoy yomgubo iba rhabaxa kancinci umbilini. Ngoko ke, zonke iilekese bhaka kaninzi kusetyenziswa le mveliso.

Sebenzisa kwezolimo

Fed grain nerorho ikakhulu iihagu kunye neenkukhu. Yaqala ke into yokuba ukutshintshwa kwe-40% yomxhesho yabo eqhelekileyo kwandisa inzuzo ubunzima, umzekelo, iihagu ukuya 18-30%. Ekubeni nerorho indlebe iqala kakhulu emva kwexesha, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuvala "window" phakathi kokusikelwa rye ebusika kunye zengca ingaphelelwayo.

Izinto eziluncedo yale uhlobo lokutya, phakathi kwezinye izinto, zibandakanya isibakala sokuba udliwa zizilwanyana zasefama ngcono kakhulu rye kunye nengqolowa. Oku kuchazwe kakhulu eziphakamileyo okuziinkozo kunye nobunzima nerorho eluhlaza izinto ezifana carotenoids neswekile.

Ngamanye amaxesha beveled kwi inyathelo ekulimeni nerorho kwaye asetyenziselwa kwalusa iinkomo. It ivumela ukuze zinongezele ungeniselo ubisi nge 15-17%. Kukholelwa ukuba ixabiso ethile zesondlo isilwanyana eziqokelelwe evela emasimini, apho isityalo zakhula ngexesha elinye kunye wenze ukutya okanye ukudlwengula. Le ndlela yokulima yenza ukufumana elungeleleneyo kakuhle ngokwemiqathango protein, iivithamini siphande izinto feed.

Nerorho: ntlobo ezilinywa eRashiya Ukraine

Kuba lonke ixesha nokulinywa le nkcubeko emitsha lurhoxisiwe ezininzi kwiintlobo yayo ephezulu-ukuyekelela. To the best ziquka:

• ADM 8 no-11.
• Kiev zernokormovoe.
• Kiev kwexesha.
• Valentin 90.
• Iinkanyamba.
• Bade Odessa.

Kwakhona ethandwa kakhulu nerorho ubusika ephakathi-grade ende Papasuevskoe, apho ukumelana ophezulu yokulala kunye izitya. Ukufumana iimbewu kwiintlobo ezithandwayo nerorho namhlanje elula nge-intanethi. ume ke malunga 16-18 p. ikilogram.