Neentlobo Classical Umculo: Mandulo Nakule Mihla

"Umculo Classical" yaye "umculo weklasiki" - ezimbini amagama elingana ngokupheleleyo, beningabakhululekileyo kubo sikhokelo isigama, ebonisa ukuyilwa ngokubanzi inkcubeko zomculo, intsingiselo yalo imbali kunye nethemba kuphuhliso olungaphezulu. Ngamaxesha amaninzi igama elithi "umculo weklasiki" ithathwa yi ibinzana elithi "umculo academic".

Indaba

Enoba isigama, umculo weklasiki a imvelaphi imbali, ezinxulumene ne yiEnlightenment ixesha emva kwexesha Classical. Imibongo kunye dramaturgy ngelo xesha zisekelwe phezu imisebenzi ababhali bamandulo, kwaye le ndlela likwabizwa inkcubeko somculo. Emnye - ixesha kunye nendawo amanyathelo, kungqinelwene nazo uhlobo opera kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo ezinxulumene imithombo zoncwadi. Oratorios, cantatas wazala ingabonisa classicism, kukho uhlobo umgangatho kwiinkulungwane 17-19. I-opera alawula mdlalo, ebhalwe kwixesha lamandulo.

abe

Phantse zonke iintlobo umculo weklasiki ngendlela enye okanye omnye onxulumene kwimbali yamandulo. Umqambi Gluck wayengomnye abalandeli ezigqamileyo kwenkcubeko yamandulo kumculo, wakwazi ukuhlangabezana zonke izimiso ixesha kwimisebenzi yabo. Ixesha elidlulileyo iphawulwa ukulandelelana ecacileyo lizama, isicwangciso ecacileyo, imvisiswano, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuphelela umculo weklasiki. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko phakathi neentlobo wazilanda xa polyphony bazitshitshisela kakuhle kodwa ngokuqinileyo, kwaye endaweni yayo kwelasempumalanga phantse ngokwezibalo entliziyweni inkcazo uhlobo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iintlobo umculo weklasiki zifumene iqondo eliphezulu zemfundo.

Opera soloed amaqela ziye kakhulu busa isitsho amazwi, kanti ngaphambili zonke inxaxheba yokusebenza babelingana. Umgaqo kobunganga zacebisa isandi mdlalo uthathe ifomu eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, yaye ntetho kumabala emidlalo kunye operatic. Kwakhona kuguqula ensembles negalelo, izixhobo solo watyhalela phambili, behamba zigcinwe kwisiqalo.

genres Music, iintsingiselo kunye nezimbo

Ngexesha classical umculo "iisampulu" amatsha emva kwexesha zadalwa. umculo genre Classical saka ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha. Orchestra, lomculo, bands solo-bathetha kunye Symphonic balandela ingakumbi izimiso ezintsha umculo, kunye improvisation kuncitshiswe.

Yintoni zizakubalulwa genre umculo weklasiki? Olu luhlu lulandelayo kubo:

• yazo;
• symphony;
• opera;
• Ikonsathi weentambula;
• cantatas;
• oratorio;
• Preludes kunye Fugues;
• Sonata;
• suite;
• toccata;
• iingcinga;
• umculo zomzimba;
• nocturnes;
• symphony uyakhala;
• umculo nobhedu;
• yokwenza;
• Umculo Mass;
• uhadi;
• elegy;
• etudes;
• ikwayara njenge uhlobo lomculo.

uphuhliso

Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-18 omculo benkulungwane yaqokelelwa, efunisela, ukwakhiwa kwawo umiselwa umqambi. Umbhali we umculo kwafuneka ukwakha imveliso zabo izixhobo ezithile, amaxesha amaninzi ukuba kukho inani elincinane strings nobhedu. Kamva, kwakukho bands rhoqo, ngokwaneleyo zinokudityaniswa ukuququzelela uphuhliso uhlobo le symphony zomculo. Ezi bands ziye igama, walihamba rhoqo sovershestvovalis ngaphakathi kwindawo elandelayo.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19 ekuqaleni kuluhlu ngeentlobo zomculo, izalathiso ezininzi ezintsha. Ezi concertos for ऑप्टीमायझर isilungiseleli kunye okhestra, orgána Orchestra kunye nezinye ezihamba kunye. Kwakhona kukho ekuthiwa-Sinfonietta, elifutshane isiqwenga umculo kunye inxaxheba yonke orchestra. Ngelo xesha yaba requiem silk.

Abaqambi yexesha Classical, uJohann Sebastian Bach noonyana bakhe, Kristof Glyuk, abameli Italian kunye Mannheim Opera wabumba isikolo Viennese weklasiki, nayo leyo kuquka Haydn, uMozart uBeethoven. Xa imisebenzi zezi abanikazi iintlobo ezaziwa symphony, Sonata, iziqwenga nendima. Kamva kwavela ensembles kwegumbi, ipiyano abathathu, quartets umtya ezahlukeneyo kunye quintets.

Viennese classical umculo kwexesha Classical ngasekupheleni wangena kakuhle kwixesha elizayo, ixesha romanticism. Abaqambi abaninzi baqala ukuba ubhale ngendlela simahla, umsebenzi wabo emva koko uye ngaphaya izimiso kwezemfundo elidlulileyo. Ngokuthe ngcembe nolangazelelo ezintsha iinkosi zazigqalwa "ongumzekelo".

Ukukhangela ixesha

Genre umculo weklasiki waqhubeka ngokwanda, yaye ekugqibeleni ngokuzimisela yabo inkqubo yovavanyo, apho lo Ukuveliswa yomsebenzi yesidanga wobugcisa, ixabiso layo kwixesha elizayo. Umculo eye yazibonakalisa kwexesha, ngokuyimfuneko ifakiwe ekonsathini nkulu phantse zonke orchestra. Ngoko ke waba imisebenzi Dmitri winky.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19 kwakukho iinzame lokuhlela iintlobo umculo weklasiki, ezinye didi kuthiwa-umculo ukukhanya. Yaba operetta, leyo uyakhawuleza ukubiza "poluklassikoy". Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo kungekudala lazimela ngokupheleleyo, kunye nokwenziwa artificial akazange kuyimfuneko.