Muscular - kukuba amayeza? Isibindi, intliziyo, inwebu, izihlunu

Muscular - isifo apho ancedisana umzimba lwenzeka kwi ilahleko okanye ukuqokelelana izinto ezo nto ngqo ngurhulumente yesiqhelo.

Umonakalo iiseli kunye into intercellular kukhokelela ekubeni i-organ isibetho liyayeka ukusebenza ngokwanelisayo. Isiseko sesi sifo ukuphazamiseka trophic (uthotho lweenkqubo ezinika msebenzi ubalulekileyo cells).

oonobangela

Le ngezifo ngezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kunokuba ilifa ukuphazamiseka pathways, izifo ezosulelayo, xi iingxaki zengqondo, bewuhlisele sifo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle iphecana zesisu, ukungatyi ukutya okunesondlo, impembelelo engalunganga yeemeko ezahlukeneyo, chromosomal kunye nezifo somatic.

Yinto embi ukuba muscular - sisifo esichaphazela iintsana kuphela kwexesha. Ukuveliswa sifo kunokubangela ukudla ixesha elide okanye ezingaphezu zokutya carbohydrate aqulethe apha ekutyeni. Unobangela muscular naso Mhlawumbi sisebatsha kakhulu okanye, ngokuchasene unina, abadala.

iimpawu

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye nobungozi besi sifo kunamanqanaba ezintathu, obubonakala ngokuba neempawu ezithile.

I isidanga sokuqala - isigulana kucuthwe ubunzima bomzimba kunye kwezihlunu, tissue babe ngaphantsi ilastiki, amajoni omzimba aphazamiseka, kusenokuba kukho iingxaki esitulweni.

bolwesibini udidi - ngokuchasene nentsukaphi okuqhubekayo Ukwehla kobunzima iba aselula, ukuze nokuba shwaka izihlunu ongama, umzimba unesifo yokunqongophala iivithamini.

Degree sesithathu - kumzimba olusele ngokupheleleyo, umntu aphazamiseke zokuphefumla umsebenzi intliziyo, ubushushu bomzimba kunciphise kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ukongeza, zonke iintlobo muscular zihamba ziimpawu ngokubanzi: isigulane nemincili kakhulu, yena zancitshiswa okanye akukho ukutya, ukulala aphazamiseka, kukho ubuthathaka jikelele, kukho utshintsho ubunzima bomzimba, ukuphazamiseka emathunjini, kunciphise nezifo. Lo mntu akazi ukuba muscular iimpawu kuyitsala wayedinwa okanye ntshikilelo.

ngezigaba

Cazulula sifo ngokwemimiselo eziliqela. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho ngemvelaphi ngezifo na iziphene kwaye ziyafikelelwa, ngedlela esi sifo esigqugqisa ngayo inkqubo - wengingqi okanye jikelele, ngokutsho exchange ukwaphulwa banyamekela ukwahlula neprothini, nenqatha, ekudleni muscular. Kuxhomekeka apho le nkqubo yenzelwe ukuba, esi sifo kuba eyiselula (parenchymal), extracellular (mesenchymal, stromal nemithambo) kunye exutyiweyo.

Ngaphezu koko, iintlobo ekwanti ezifana ukungondleki, kunye gipostatura paratrofiya.

Ukungondleki - lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo kwesi sifo. It isegazini kunye abazifumene. Luphawulwa kukungabikho ubunzima liqumrhu ngokunxulumene ekukhuleni umguli.

Paratrofii xa kukho agqithisile ubunzima bomzimba, nto leyo okubangelwa ukungondleki kunye ukutya.

Gipostatura kuchazwe ukunqongophala ofanayo ubunzima kunye nokuphakama ngokungqinelana nemithetho ngenxa yobudala ethile.

muscular naso

Le meko ibangelwa ukuphazamiseka ilifa emzimbeni of iiprotheni, amafutha okanye carbohydrate. Xa umzimba umntwana akabi ukufumana nayiphi enzayim, olwenzeka kwenzeka ukuba ukudla ngokupheleleyo imveliso ye yokucolwa zomzimba okanye amalungu. Kungakhathaliseki inkqubo emzimbeni, kusoloko kukho umonakalo inyama central system luvo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufeni.

Kuxhomekeka indawo ezi ntlobo zilandelayo kwesi sifo:

Cell (parenchymal) okunamafutha angakwazi

Le yingxaki kwenzeka xa iqela leeseli ukuba banoxanduva ukusebenza umzimba, kukho isifo metabolic. Phakathi zinto bawaphikise uphuhliso sifo onokubonwa hypoxia, usuleleko, ukunxila (ingakumbi utywala), ukungondleki kakuhle kunye novithamini ukuswela.

Omnye umzekelo ngezifo enjalo angakwazi esibindini. Oku kubonakala ekungakwazini iiseli zesibindi ukwenza imisebenzi yawo, ekhokelela ekutshintshweni yabo ijwabu okunamafutha. Oku kunokubangela nangokurhala, ukuqina.

neziphumo ezimandundu ke ifomu etsolo kwaye yityhefu esi sifo. Urhulumente yokuqala luphuhliso olukhawulezayo, ukuba umphumo ube sisibindi. Enetyhefu isibindi muscular lungunobangela necrosis iiseli zawo.

Muscular intliziyo - omnye umzekelo ezinamanqatha yamehlo zeselula. Kulo mzekelo umonakalo engabalulekanga, umsebenzi wayo kakuhle. ukunyuka Intliziyo ubukhulu, myocardium uba flabby, omthubi, uvuke imicwe endocardium ngenxa nokufumba ngokungalinganiyo ngamanqatha. Ngamanqatha angakwazi intliziyo sisiphumo hypoxia (oksijini imibala), zizifo ezikhokelela ukuphazamiseka pathways, ukungondleki.

Protein parenchymal angakwazi

Yahlulahlulwe yaba iintlobo:

- hyaline kwamathana yamehlo luphawulwa nokwanda kwi izintso (ngamanye amaxesha unesifo kwesibindi okanye entliziyweni) zamathontsana protein. Oku kwenzeka xa izifo kidney ezifana ezigula ezininzi, glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis. Esi sifo efihlakeleyo kwaye ikhokelela neziphumo vuhlayiseki.

- Xa hydropic (hydropic) muscular kwizigqeba (iiseli zesibindi, adrenal, myocardium, isikhumba) yenzeka cluster zamathontsana protein ulwelo. Ngenxa agqithisile kubo kwisisele kuvela ibhaluni yamehlo (i kernel kuyanyanzeleka ukuba kwimida). Khuphani a efanayo ukwaphulwa imeko itoti ukutya namanzi-ityuwa, hypoproteinemia, nokudumba, izifo ezosulelayo kunye intoxications.

- Rogovaya muscular luphawulwa lokusekwa ubuncwane horny, apho ayikwazi kuba, okanye ukuqokelelana ngokugqithisileyo apho kufuneka kwi mali yesiqhelo (eluswini, iinzipho). Ukumqumbisa a sifo beriberi, isikhumba iziphene yophuhliso, usulelo wentsholongwane egazini, kunye nokudumba esinganyangekiyo.

Yeenzipho muscular kungaba sisiphumo zosulelo, izifo zolusu, ukungasebenzi kakuhle emathunjini, yonyango okanye inkqubo luvo. Ukongeza, le ngezifo maxa wambi kunye zizifo ezithile iinkqubo sentliziyo kwegazi.

Yeenzipho muscular angaba naso okanye lufundiwe. Ngendlela azalwa ngayo esi sifo kuba ukungabikho epheleleyo, ukuxozwa kunye ukuqina isikhonkwane nembasa. isifo Acquired luphawulwa wona chu isikhonkwane nembasa, nail ngontsi okanye mhlophe. Ngaphezu koko, lo ipleyiti isikhonkwane inokuba khaxa kakhulu, kunye ezinqamlezayo kunye vee longitudinal. Izizathu isifo enjalo kuba nangokhwekhwe, ukhwekhwe, ulele planus, nail umothuko.

Inwebu yamehlo has Iintlobo ezininzi:

- Hyperkeratosis - agqithisile ngekeratini apha esikhumbeni.

- hyperkeratosis azalwa ulusu, ebizwa ichthyosis. emzimbeni yeentsana wambu nesikhumba elingqingqwa efanayo izikali iintlanzi.

- leukoplakia - isifo apho mucosal coarsen. Oku kwabenza wesibeleko, kuvuleke iminxunya, umlomo, njalo-njalo. D.

Parenchymal ekudleni muscular

Yeyona ngenxa utshintshiselwano glycogen kunye glycoproteins nokuhlukunyezwa. Ukophulwa glycogen yokucolwa uphawu ezimbi ezifana neswekile okanye glycogenosis.

Ngenxa nethe aphazamiseke glycoproteins kwizisele ebangela mucoids nokwanda mucins (yencindi iziyobisi). Oku kwenzeka izifo ezifana nokuthimliswa, gastritis, iphika njalo njalo. D.

Extracellular (mesenchymal) muscular

Uqala kwi stroma (based equlathe kwizicwili) imizimba. Kulo mzekelo, le nkqubo ibandakanya iimpahla zeethishu negazi lonke. Umzekelo inokuba muscular semehlo. Esi sifo nokuba naso okanye lufundiwe. Xa abantu, sinciphise acuity ezibonwayo, kunzima ukuhamba ebumnyameni. Ngelo isigaba sokugqibela esi sifo amehlo semehlo kwecala okanye pigmentalnaya muscular. Kudla inxaxheba kwinkqubo kunye inwebu.

muscular kwenwebu luphawulwa Ibar yayo, sinciphise acuity ezibonwayo novakalelo. Kusenokuba ilifa okanye lufundiwe. Esi sifo sanda ngokukhawuleza, bathimba amehlo omabini, ngoko ke diagnosis kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Iimpawu, ekufuneka sinikele ingqalelo - oku intlungu nomzimba angaphandle imvakalelo emehlweni, amehlo anozizi, amehlo alilayo, ukoyika ukukhanya, yehle umbono.

kuvela muscular Secondary kwenwebu ngenxa trauma. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngenxa vitamin izivuka, izifo collagen zigqithiswe glaucoma naso.

muscular dystrophy - isimo luphawulwa buthathaka umzimba kunye angakwazi. Ezi ntlobo zimbini ziqhelekileyo.

muscular ukuba uneDuchenne muscular

Ikakhulu eyenzeka ebantwaneni. Kule sifo kukho ithole izihlunu ukwanda ngenxa nokwanda namanqatha nonyebeleziso kwizicwili. Esi sifo kakhulu gqitha kwaye sele livelise ngokukhawuleza, ukuya kwiminyaka 12 isigulane ulahlekelwa ukukwazi ukuhambahamba. Bambalwa abantu baphila ixesha elide ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini.

isifo Steinert kaThixo

Kuyinto eqhelekileyo kakhulu kubantu abadala. Isifo ilifa, ivela kuyo nayiphi na ubudala. Olunye lweempawu zokuqala ukuze kuphawulwe myotonia (emva ukusika izihlunu baphumle ngokucothayo kakhulu) kunye ubuthathaka imisipha yobuso. yamehlo okuqhubekayo izihlunu kancinci, ichaphazela izihlunu anencasa imisipha intliziyo.

Xa mesenchymal protein muscular unako ubunzima isibindi, intso, udakada kunye adrenal womntu. Abantu abadala baye eyayiphazamisa intliziyo nengqondo.

Stromal semithambo okunamafutha yamehlo - oku kuqhubekayo iidipozithi ebuhlungu nodular kwi amalungu oluntu (umz, isifo dercum). Isifo lengingqi okanye jikelele, ukuba nimqumbise ukuqokelela izinto, nokuncipha kwabo.

Isiphumo mesenchymal carbohydrate muscular unokuba nokudumba, ukudumba okanye ukuthambisa namalungu, amathambo kunye intlala womntu.

Treatment kunye nokuthintela

Emva ungacwangcisa uxilongo ngqo, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqhubeke ngokukhawuleza unyango lwesi sifo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo zalo zaba. Khetha Amaqhinga unyango kuya kunceda i ingcali, kodwa naluphi na uhlobo muscular kufuneka amalungiselelo inkathalo efanelekileyo abagulayo, ukuze kupheliswe zonke izinto ezinokuthi bamqumbise iingxaki.

Ukongezelela ngokuqhuba unyango olusisiseko kuyimfuneko ukuba bagcine ulawulo imini, yaye unamathele ukutya engqongqo, athethwa kugqirha, kufuneka umoya omtsha, yonyango ngamanzi, umthambo.

Kuba ekuthinteleni esi sifo kuba impilo yabo kufuneka esweni ngononophelo, kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze kupheliswe zonke izinto ezimbi engabangela angakwazi naluphi na uhlobo.

Komeleza inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, badle into evakalayo nenengqiqo kwaye elungeleleneyo, imithambo xiphephana - oku kuya kuba kuthintelo engcono akukho nezinye izifo ezininzi kuphela oku, kodwa.