MRP-isicwangciso senkqubo

Phambi ebomini bethu kwakukho iikhompyutha, ukulawula izinto kwi-warehouses lwamashishini ikhutshwa phandle ngesandla, besebenzisa amakhadi accounting. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela sasikhe, ngokufuthi kukho isiphoso, impazamo yokubala, kwaye inkampani akukho izibonelelo niyahiliza, Ndandikhumbula nemihla kunye nelahleko yenzuzo. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkqubo esizisebenzelayo mveliso iye lula kakhulu badwelisi benkqubo. inkqubo MRP sabona kungcono kakhulu ingxaki kolawulo yokugcina. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, indlela entsha lithe laqhenqetha ehlabathini lonke. Uqhelene iimpawu zayo, amathuba kunye nemisebenzi ephambili.

indaba

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala ingqikelelo MRP (Iimfuno Material Planning) yavela phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-50 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela eUnited States. Ngokwengcaciso, omnye ababhekisi phambili eziphambili, J .. Orliski, oko ukulandelelana yeenkqubo kunye neemfuno ekufuneka bahlangabezane ishedyuli imveliso. Ngamafutshane, le ndlela yolawulo lwemveliso ngokusebenzisa ekulungiseleleni izicwangciso kunye neeshedyuli ukunikezelwa izinto ekrwada okanye amacandelo. Ngenxa lwengqiqo theoretical component inkqubo MRP-izicwangciso laphuhliswa.

Ibala isicelo ukuba umsebenzi ezinamacandelo, iimpahla semi-igqityiwe, izixhobo kunye nemveliso ethile ogqityiweyo. Kwi-USSR, le ndlela waqala ukuba kusetyenziswa kuphela ezo 70s. Nokufika inkqubo MRP ubuchwepheshe be-computer sidluliselwa karhulumente emkhosini-mveliso, yaye 80s - ishishini zorhwebo. Indlela efunekayo kwinkqubo ukuze ulawulo nonikezelo resource kuba nokuhlelwa enkulu. Umzekelo okuphawuleka iinkampani ezinkulu mveliso (umz, iimveliso zobunjineli).

Le ngxaki kuphela indlela entsha, iingcali bakholwa ukhetho kunye nophuhliso lolwazi kunye software zemathematika, izixhobo ofisi. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba imveliso automated kunye neenkqubo zobugcisa. Kulo mba, iingcali ukwahlukanisa iindlela ezimbini: computing kunye nolwazi inkqubo MRP.

imigomo

Ngokusekelwe kule ndawo lwezicelo yale ndlela kunokwenzeka, iinjongo ezithile ziye zavela. inkqubo MRP iqinisekisa ngokwanelisa iimfuno zoshishino izinto, amacandelo kunye nemveliso busiwa kubathengi. Oku kushenxisa nendleko eziphantsi ngokugcina amanqanaba-inventri. Ukuziqhelisa, injongo yale ngqiqo ukucwangcisa imisebenzi zemveliso kunye neeshedyuli yokuthenga.

Kwakhona MRP-nkqubo yenza kube lula ukufumanisa ubungakanani kunye nexesha imveliso yokugqibela kunye nokufunyanwa izibonelelo eziyimfuneko kuba ngokungqinelana neshedyuli kwimveliso.

i algorithm

Kumjikelo ka ukusebenza ngenxa kulandelelwano ethile lweentshukumo. Inyathelo lokuqala kukuba ukwenza ucwangciso kangangoko imveliso kwithuba ekucwangciselwa yena. Le nkqubo ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lwenkqubo yemveliso ngamnye.

Xa Inyathelo lesibini kufuneka ibe ukuqhuba accounting izinto kunye namacandelo, ezo akazibandakanyi imveliso, kodwa oko kuyimfuneko ukuze kuzalisekiswe kwemiyalelo yomxhasi (umzekelo, ukupakishwa, ukugcinwa kunye njalo njalo. D.).

Inqanaba elilandelayo wobunye, njengoko kufuneka ukuba ukubala neemfuno ezipheleleyo uhlobo ngalunye zezixhobo, amacandelo, nto leyo eya ne ukwakhiwa imveliso yokugqibela.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kufuneka ukucwangcisa odolo izibonelelo. Kwixesha elizayo, mhlawumbi ukwenza uhlengahlengiso kwii-odolo, kuqala phambi kokuba mzuzu bokucwangcisa. Iyimfuneko ukuze kuthintelwe unikezelo yayingekabi lixesha.

NgokoMthetho kunye neendlela

Kuba nokusebenza nayiphi na inkqubo ifuna iimeko ezithile. inkqubo MRP kungekho ngaphandle. Ukuphunyezwa kwe ERP kunokwenzeka kunye iindlela ezisebenzayo zemathematika of zentelekelelo, ukufumaneka ubuchwepheshe be-computer, nto leyo evumela ukuba ngokukhawuleza nokwandisa imisebenzi. Kwakunye nemfuneko ucwangciso nolawulo lwemveliso kunye neenkqubo zobugcisa.

MRP inkqubo ngokwayo lisibeka ukukhetha ngokwentelekiso yayo uhlobo kwemfuno wemveliso lwamashishini. Kukho iindidi ezimbini: ezizimeleyo zixhomekeke. Kwimeko yokuqala ibo generated ezizimeleyo kwezinye abathengi nganye. Yeyona nto kwezoqoqosho zangaphandle, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ulawulo lwenzeka ngu nemizobo elula wesiphaluka.

Le mbono yesibini ibonisa emva wobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho. Oku kubangelwa ukusetyenziswa components eziliqela eyakha ukwenziwa kweempahla. Ngenxa yoko, imfuno ngamnye kubo yakha ubudlelwane ethile kunye ukuveliswa phezulu imveliso yokugqibela. Loo ndlela yokubala imali yazo zonke iintlobo zempahla ekrwada nga kuphunyezwe inkqubo yeklasi MRP.

izakhi

Le ndlela ifuna ucwangciso na isakhiwo branched. MRP imiba kwinkqubo zahlulwe zibe igalelo kunye output data. Nabo ke, kuquka sub-amacandelo, nto leyo ke ngolwazi zemathematika vuxaka lebyikulu, nokunika okubonisa umgangatho kunye nokulawulwa kwenkqubo yemveliso.

input

Igalelo datha imveliso schedule, iinkcukacha kunye data kwi isitokhwe ezikhoyo kunye (okt. E. ezingazalisekanga) imiyalelo evulekileyo. Badlala indima ephambili kwinkqubo yesicwangciso.

I-sub-Icandelo lokuqala eyenziwe elizimeleyo noko ebango. kuthetha ngayo esizisebenzelayo xa inkqubo sicwangcise ayinayo. Ngoko ke, wadala ngesandla ngokungqinelana iimpawu ngesifo kunye nesicwangciso-mali. Ishedyuli Production kwisithuba ingahlulwa ukuba usebenziso olulula. ntoni kuqala ayisayi kuvumela naziphi iinguquko ezifuna kubulawa ngqo. Kule hlengahlengiso ixesha lesibini kunokwenzeka, kodwa kufuneka athobele icebo izibonelelo ezingundoqo. Elinye ixesha ithathwa, ulwazi onamandla angaphezu kuvela.

Iinkcukacha - uluhlu okanye uluhlu lwezixhobo ezingundoqo okanye amacandelo unit nganye. Oku kunceda ukuchonga nokunqongophala eziphathekayo kunye ukuphumeza imbuyekezo yayo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhankanye inani imveliso kunye nexesha ekwenzeni kunye nonikezelo order. Kuba imveliso eqhubekayo kwaye uphephe inkqubo yophawulo ye bug izinto ezikhoyo ekrwada kunye uthelekiso kunye indices ngaphambili kufuneka rhoqo.

Ukucacisa Accounting kunceda ubalo oluchanekileyo iimfuno zezibonelelo iyonke. Le nkqubo yenziwa nge MRP algorithm. Ishedyuli imveliso ivumela kubalwe ngokuchanekileyo neemfuno ezipheleleyo iiyunithi imveliso igqityiwe kwaye zenza ubukho data zolondolozo, ukuququzelela isicwangciso kunye nenani odolo ezivulekileyo.

output

Olu didi iqulathe iingxelo eziziiprayimari neziziisekondari ezisebenza inkqubo umsebenzi nkarhinyana.

ICandelwana le-Icandelo lokuqala, yona, imelwe ngu:

• odolo olucwangcisiweyo - ishedyuli yaphulwe izihlandlo phantsi (ixesha kunye nexabiso odolo ivuliwe).
• Ukukhutshwa izinto kwimveliso (inventory balance ubalo yenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo inani iindleko resource).
• Uhlengahlengiso kwi-odolo ecwangcisiweyo ngokohlobo utshintsho umhla, umthamo we-odolo kunye nokucinywa kwayo kunokwenzeka.

iingxelo Secondary zibonisa ulawulo phezu uphumezo yemiyalelo ngokungqinelana nemigaqo mali. Balwela ukubonisa ukutenxa kwesi sicwangciso, ukunceda ukubala iindleko zokuvelisa. Olu didi lukwaquka iingxelo zocwangciso (izivumelwano zonikezelo kunye nokuzibophelela nokuthenga). Iingxelo kwiimeko ezizodwa balatha nokungangqinelani iimpazamo kwiingxelo zemali.

Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bee-computer MRP-nkqubo lisebenza njenge inkqubo ezivakalisa yonke inkqubo a umzobo.

buhle

Njengalo naluphi ngumkhuba ezikhona, le ndlela iye nobubi bayo kunye bendlela usebenzisa. Izinto eziluncedo ukuqina kweenkqubo MRP - is:

• Kungenzeka ukuba asebenzise data kwi kuselelwa ngaphandle kwimeko yamava elidlulileyo, kwaye kujongwe kwikamva (isicwangciso ukubala, uqikelelo).
• Ukuba nokwenzeka isitokhwe ubuncinane izinto ekrwada. Oku kugcina inkampani ngemali inkcitho yayo indawo yerenti kunye nabasebenzi yokuqasha.
• Ukunyuka iqondo lokufakelwa inventri yesikolo.
• Ngumgcelele production ngokubeka esweni ubume uhlobo ngalunye candelo resource. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukulandelela ngokuchanekileyo umgangatho inkqubo yemveliso.
• ukulibaziseka imveliso Ngaphandle ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo eziyimfuneko;
• Ukunciphisa umngcipheko inkqubela kakuhle kwee-odolo, kwakunye nasekunciphiseni inani umsebenzi ongxamisekileyo.
• Enye inzuzo ebonakalayo MRP-nkqubo kukukwazi ukusebenzisa idata yayo eminye imisebenzi namalungiselelo kwi kwishishini okanye lokuthengwa kwempahla.

ukushiyeka

Ububi le ndlela yokucwangcisa iquka:

• Imfuneko isixa esikhulu kwedatha echanekileyo kunye izibalo.
• inkqubo MRP abe bhetyebhetye ephantsi, nto leyo ephazamisana kakhulu ukuphendulwa utshintsho lwangaphandle imveliso okanye ukunikezelwa kwezibonelelo.
• Ukuntsonkotha inkqubo yolawulo kwi flow imveliso ephakamileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa. Oku kubandakanya inani elininzi leempumelelo, hayi kuphela nexhomekeke oluntu, kodwa kwakhona phezu iingxaki kwinkqubo.
• MRP kucwangciso asikwazi ukuthatha ingqalelo izithintelo amandla, nomthamo kwemveliso, kunye nezinye iparameters. Ngoko ke maxa wambi logisticians ubuso izibalo 'engenangqondo "thaca kule program.
• MRP-nkqubo ifuna ukuphunyezwa zexabiso kunye ixesha elide.

MRP II

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, umhlalutyi American George Plosl, Oliver Uayt baye banikela inkqubo yesizwe yocwangciso lwemithombo yamancedo ngcono, leyo kuthiwa MRP II. main inzuzo yayo kukuba babugubungela ecaleni zokusebenza zemali zemveliso, sithabathela ingqalelo amandla lobuchwepheshe kunye uhlengahlengiso zokusebenza kuqikelelwa ukuba izicwangciso kunye neeshedyuli. Uluhlu lwemisebenzi landiswa ukuya kufuna ulawulo, umzekelo inkqubo yemveliso ngokungqinelana benchmarks yokugcina nokuvavanya intsebenzo. Kule nkqubo, iziphumo kuvavanywa kunye, ukwenza MRP II uceba dyondzisaka ngokunxulumene iimeko zangaphandle.

ERP

Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki ezimandla ukuze boyise ucwangciso imveliso, MRP-nkqubo yinkqubo abangafezekanga. Isebenza kuphela olunye uhlobo lwemisebenzi nobucukubhede. Ngoko ke, kule minyaka 90 kwenziwe ukudityaniswa imisebenzi kunye nesiveliso, ulawulo lwabasebenzi nolawulo lwemali. Inkqubo entsha ebizwa ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). Xa intliziyo kwale ngqiqo ingcamango yokudala indawo yokugcina data elinye (okanye yogcino). Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo MRP iye yaba yinxalenye yenkqubo enkulu.

Abaxhamla kule nkqubo kukungabikho imfuneko yonxibelelwano ngolwazi phakathi kweenkqubo kunye nolondolozo ezibalulekileyo ngexesha kunye neendleko zemali abasebenzi. Namhlanje, isicwangciso ERP kubalulekile ukuba amashishini amakhulu. Ishishini amancinci naphakathi ibambelela ngoku-yakudala MRP-nkqubo.