Mkhuhlane IPenicillium: isakhiwo, izakhiwo, izicelo

• Umngundo ngundo IPenicillium - esi sityalo isagquba ngokwendalo. Lingcwaba lomfo abangafezekanga eklasini. Okwangoku, kukho ezingaphezu kwama-250 ntlobo kuyo. pinitsill Golden, yokunqumbana ngumngundo eluhlaza ezahlukeneyo, kubaluleke ngokukodwa. Olu hlobo isetyenziselwa eyimveliso a medicament. "Penicillin" ngokwesiseko ngundo ivumela ukuba soyise ezininzi iintsholongwane.

yokuhlala

IPenicillium - ngundo multicellular, apho umhlaba a yemvelo. Amaxesha amaninzi, eli isityalo kubonwa ngokohlobo eblowu okanye eluhlaza ngumngundo ukugcwala. Sikhula sibe ezahlukeneyo substrates. Noko ke, amaxesha amaninzi oko kwenzeka phezu kumphezulu kwimixube yemifuno.

Isakhiwo ngulo mngundo

Ke ukuba isakhiwo, ngundo IPenicillium efana kakhulu Aspergillus, nayo lalo intsapho mushrooms wulahle. Le mycelium kwezityalo yale sityalo icacile kwaye eyayizalwa. It iqulathe lwako inani elikhulu leseli. Ukusuka Mucor mkhuhlane IPenicillium mycelium ezahlukeneyo. Yena multicellular. Njengoko ngenxa mycelial Mucor, yena elilodwa.

Iziqhoboshelo okanye IPenicillium zilahlwe phezu zeendawana, okanye ugxile. Kule ndawo, ngundo kumka nkqo limise conidiophores. Iziseko ezifanayo, ngokuqhelekileyo indawo yayo ephezulu kwaye enze iibhrashi branched zona zipeyintwe pores elilodwa. It conidia. izityalo iibhrashi, ke, unokuba iintlobo ezininzi:

• ekhulelwa;
• abathathu-tiered;
• embhedeni;
• single-sigaba.

A uhlobo oluthile iintlobo IPenicillium nocamba conidia, nibizwayo coremium. Veliswa ye mkhuhlane eyenziwa andise sikuyo.

Kutheni na le sisidleleli

fungi ekumfimfitheni (IPenicillium kunye Mucor) bandiqumbise kungonakali, kwakunye ngokubonakalayo inxaxheba ukwanda amalaphu kunye zezilwanyana imvelaphi yemifuno. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa inani elikhulu enqanda. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukutyabeka sokubumbela kwi zeendawana yemifuno inokuba kuyilwa ngaxeshanye ziintlobo ezininzi zomngundo. Kule hlobo lwesityalo lwamandla ikhutshwa phandle sokufunxa organic amacandelo ukulungele. Kungenxa yesi sizathu, kugqalwa IPenicillium amakhalane.

Zifakwe nokuba umonakalo ebantwini

Abaninzi cinga ukuba IPenicillium fungi - iintsholongwane. Noko ke, oko akunjalo. Ezinye iintlobo zezityalo kufuneka iipropati yayintsholongwane eyosulela ngokunxulumene izinto kwezilwanyana nabantu. Uninzi umonakalo lisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho ngumngundo ngundo kuchaphazela iimveliso zezolimo kunye nokutya, nokuzala kakhulu ngaphakathi kubo. Ukuba egcinwe kakuhle IPenicillium kuchaphazela feed. Ukuba kondliwa izilwanyana, oko asikabi ekufeni kwabo. Ngapha koko, xa poop loo oluhlala inani elikhulu izinto eziyityhefu kuba nefuthe elibi empilweni.

Isicelo kwi kwishishini loxubo

Isenokuba luncedo ngundo IPenicillium? Igciwane ezibangela izifo ezithile egazini, akukho ukuxhathisa nemithi, nto leyo yenziweyo ukusuka sokubumba. Ezinye iintlobo zezi zityalo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini ukutya kunye lamachiza ngenxa yekhono lazo ukuvelisa enzymes. Drug "penicillin", nto leyo uyasokola ngeentlobo ezininzi iintsholongwane, efunyenwe IPenicillium Notatum kunye IPenicillium chrysogenum.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eyimveliso beziyobisi kwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba eziliqela. Ukuqalisa ngundo mvila. Ukulungiselela le njongo ingqolowa utywala eweni. Le nto yenza kube lula ukufumana imveliso ilungileyo penicillin. Emva koko, ngundo lwahluma ngokuthi ebhaptiza uhlobo olungenabungozi lwerhasi evundisiweyo inkcubeko ekhethekileyo. A umthamo iilitha amawaka aliqela. Apho, izityalo ngenkuthalo phinda.

Emva kokuba eliphakathi ulwelo ukusuka ngundo IPenicillium ivavanywa processing olongezelelweyo. Kweli nqanaba izisombululo ityuwa zisetyenziswa kunye nemveliso izinyibilikisi organic. izinto ezinjalo ukuvumela ukufumana iimveliso lokugqibela: potassium kesodiyam ityiwa penicillin.

Jeli noshishino ukutya

Ngenxa ezinye iimpawu IPenicillium ngundo lisetyenziswa kwishishini kokutya. iintlobo ezithile eziye zavela kule sityalo zisetyenziswa abaza kwenza itshizi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko IPenicillium Roquefort kunye IPenicillium camemberti. Ezi ntlobo ngumngundo ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa zamasi ezifana "Stiltosh", "Gorntsgola", "Roquefort" njalo-njalo. Le mveliso "marble 'abe isakhiwo evakalala. Kuba lo sisi olu hlobo lubonakala ngokuba livumba ethile kunye nenkangeleko.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkcubeko IPenicillium isetyenziswa ngaxa lithile ezivelisa izinto ezinjalo. Umzekelo, sisi "Roquefort" isicelo lwegciwane ngumngundo IPenicillium Roquefort. Olu hlobo mkhuhlane zixhaphakile, nkqu lathamba ubunjwe curd mass. Lo mngundo ukunyamezeleka kakuhle lamanani aphantsi kwe-oksijini. Ukongeza, ngundo iyamelana isiqulatho nangakumbi neetyuwa esidi medium.

IPenicillium ekwaziyo ukwabela enzyme lipolytic kwaye proteolytic ezichaphazela amanqatha ubisi protini. Phantsi yempembelelo ezi zinto samasi uba friable, oiliness, yaye ivumba ethile kunye nemvakalo.

Ekupheleni

Iipropati IPenicillium mkhuhlane azikhange iphicothwe. Izazinzulu ukuqhuba uphando entsha rhoqo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uthole iipropati ezintsha sokubumba. msebenzi kuvumela ku dyondza iimveliso emzimbeni. Kwixesha elizayo, kuya kusebenza le IPenicillium ngundo in practice.