Mann Genrih: engobomi, umsebenzi loncwadi, imisebenzi ezinkulu

Nakule loncwadi yehlabathi kukho amanani amabini kunye igama lokugqibela Mann kunye Henry Thomas. Aba babhali aba abantwana, lo mncinane apho ummeli okhanyayo iprozi bulumko kwenkulungwane XX. Senior eyaziwa ubuncinane, kodwa kusoloko emthunzini umzalwana wakhe omkhulu. Phantsi kwe sihloko - a abanetalente umntu engobomi, ayezinikele ubomi bakhe uncwadi, kodwa wafa ubuhlwempu lilolo. igama lakhe - Mann Genrih.

Imvelaphi kunye nemvelaphi

Ngowe-1871, xa intsapho usomashishini Tomasa Ioganna Genriha Manna, unyana waseJamani. Yangena eyamazibulo waba ngomnye wababhali edume kakhulu kwinkulungwane XX, ogama - Mann Genrih. Umhla wokuzalwa - 27 Matshi. Mzalwana, ogama nani ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwimbali uncwadi yehlabathi, wazalwa kwiminyaka emine kamva.

oonyana umsebenzi yoncwadi Mann ngokupheleleyo akazange ahlangabezane yasekhaya, ngokutsho ngayo, kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini onke amalungu ale ntsapho yeengcungcu abenza kuphela kwezorhwebo kunye nemisebenzi yoluntu.

igazi German kunye laseBrazil ahamba ngemithambo abazalwana odumileyo Mann. Henry uSister sele utshatile umfazi zali abasuka eMzantsi Merika.

Umbhali elizayo lalikhula phantsi kweemeko zivuma. Uyise kubanjwe i-ofisi yoluntu ebalulekileyo, ethenjiswe bonke abantwana bakhe (yaye kamva baba ezintlanu) elizayo ezikrelekrele. Noko ke, oonyana neentombi isiphelo livelise ngequbuliso yaye sel '. Kamva lo hlobo imbali, ngokunjalo ukufa kwakhe, kubonakala inoveli yakhe edumileyo "Buddenbrooks" Tomas Mann.

Emva kokuba uHenry waphumelela Katharineum - eyaziwa esikolweni iLübeck - waya Dresden, ukuze bafunde namaqhinga mzi ishishini lorhwebo. Kodwa nonyaka kamva eyaphazamisa uqeqesho Mann oselula.

UHenry wakhetha ukuba babhalisele njengevolontiya kwelinye indlwana Berlin. Kwangaxeshanye, waye wayefundiswa University of Fridriha Vilgelma. Akukho namnye abazalwana Mann wagqiba imfundo kakhulu ebomini, afuna ukubhala. A usitya lokusungula yaba uncharacteristic ngokupheleleyo ukuba abameli intsapho omdala merchant waseJamani. Ngaphandle kokuba, kakade, ngaphandle Yuliyu Mann - unina Thomas Heinrich. Eli bhinqa ezahlukeneyo nobugocigoci yokuziphatha, musicality kunye nobuciko.

Ngowe-1910, wafa kabuhlungu enye yeentombi entsatsheni Mann. Henry, umsebenzi ogama kwimeko yokudodobala ngeli xesha, kuba ubunzima nzima kakhulu ilahleko kodade wabo. Wayithatha kweminyaka emine kuphela emva, ekuqaleni imfazwe. umbhali ekhethiweyo ekudlalelwa waba ongumdlali Czech Maria Canova. Kodwa kamva, eMelika, isiphelo wamsa ibhinqa uNellie.

Ukuhamba

Ngowe-1893 intsapho yakhe bafudukela Munich, Senator uJohann Mann. Henry kule xesha wayesiya, wayephakathi apho uhambo ukuya eSt Petersburg. Umbhali elizayo iminyaka emininzi kungekho yokuhlala ngokusisigxina. Ekubeni eminyaka yokugqibela yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kwaye phezulu ukuya kokuqhambuka leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, Mann Genrih, ifoto apho thaca kweli nqaku rhoqo bafudukela kwizixeko ngezixeko. Kwiminyaka embalwa umbhali waseJamani babehlala Italy. Yaye ngokufuthi ehamba, kukhatshwa umzalwana omncinane.

transfers ezisisigxina umlinganiselo kuyimfuneko nabo emva 1982, umbhali elizayo ubunzima sisifo esibi semiphunga. Ukuze kukubopha, abazali bakhe wathumela uHenry e Wiesbaden. Kwaye ngeli xesha wafa uyise wababhali. Emva gula zokugqibela Genrihom Mannom zaye edala imisebenzi zoncwadi.

"Midges Mfundisi, okanye isiphelo yingqwayingqwayi"

Le noveli odumileyo, ophambili apho isikolo igrama utitshala pedantic, yapapashwa ngonyaka emva kokudalwa. Kodwa lo msebenzi, nto leyo wabhala Mann Genrih ngowe-1904, yagxekwa kanobom, waza vala ngokupheleleyo esithile ixesha. Ingakumbi negative, "ibali sokuwa lomntu eluthandweni" ahlanganiswe idolophu ngumbhali.

I cebo - umphefumlo indoda ngaphezu onke amandla kakhulu. Kodwa njengoko akwazi ukulawula abafundi zabo kuphela, ngoko ke wazama ngandlela zonke ukugcina zam isizukulwana esitsha. Kodwa xa angathabatheki wathabatha ilifa ngaye waza watshintsha ngokupheleleyo ubomi bakhe. Akukho nto isihloko yenoveli kuthethwayo "ekupheleni yingqwayingqwayi." Kamva, le inoveli sele iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi; kwandule ke Hollywood umlawuli edume imvelaphi German Sternberg imbambe film "I Blue Angel" kunye Marlene eDietrich kwindima phambili.

Ukungaboni ngaso linye ngabazalwana Mann

Henry - umbhali kunye umbhali, owaziwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane kakhulu phakathi abafundi isiJamani - iminyaka emininzi ukuba ayeke ngokupheleleyo yokunxibelelana umninawa wakhe, uThomas. Isizathu yaba umahluko elibukhali kwezopolitiko. Emva kokuba sifudukele Melika Heinrich Mann axinekileyo, kuba maxongo kwakhona ukufa kabuhlungu ngumfazi wakhe. Phezu kwako ingxabano, umzalwana omncinane weza sindisa. Thomas Mann wayengomnye azizityebi German ababhali-zizifundiswa.

kwesiqalekiso Mann

Abantwana kunye nabazukulwana zabarhwebi German kunye leNdlu yeeNgwevu sakhatshwa zonke iintlobo yamashwa, nto leyo emhlabeni njengokuba ochumileyo namarhe ukuhleba. Zombini oodade Henry wazibulala. Ngendlela efanayo walishiya eli hlabathi wenyama kunye umfazi wesibini zombhali.

Thomas Mann, nto leyo ibuhlungu kakhulu ukuphendula iziganeko ezinjalo, kunye isiqabu engaqhelekanga ngayo ukufa umfazi kaFilipu umninawa wakhe, wathi kwileta eya isalamane, ukuba "eli bhinqa ubomi ibhuqiwe ku Henry, njengoko ukusela kakhulu, enyundululu, okubi zonke, yena wayesebenza wobuweyitara kule club. " USam, lo umbhali omkhulu nombhali umsebenzi fanekisela "Ukufa eVenice" kubomi walwa kusolwa notyekelo zabo lobufanasini. Loo nto ayizange ke ukumthintela,, ityala unyana uqhushululu, ngubani akazange azame ukufihla obuphezu kwabo abambalwa ngokwesini.

"Onyanisekileyo"

Ekuqaleni kwinoveli kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala nayo yapapashwa Genriha Manna, apho umbhali kakhulu ngokusengqiqweni ezotywe emimiselweni eJamani Kaiser kaThixo. Ukusebenza ngendlela ophambili, umbhali akwazi ukubonisa kuye 'ngaphakathi'. Gesling Mann in inoveli yakhe - ummeli wendlela uluntu yongxowankulu waseJamani, ebalasele ndlongondlongo kubo bonke ukoyika amazwe kunye zophendlo lwezifo eshukumis 'amandla akhe. Lo msebenzi, kunye neencwadi uSigmund Freud kaThixo, Genriha Geyne kunye Karla Marksa, uvaliwe ngamaNazi banesifo.

"Iminyaka Abaselula kaKumkani uHenry IV»

Ngowe-1935, kwenye yemisebenzi yakhe edume Heinrich Mann udale kakhulu umfanekiso obucacileyo yomphathi efanelekileyo. Lo msebenzi ubonisa eziqhubeka kubomi uPhilip, leyo egubungela kwithuba eliqala ebuntwaneni de ekufeni kwakhe. Kamva, umbhali ubhale enye, nale misebenzi wenza dilogy, abadlale indima kakhulu ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi umbhali waseJamani.

in ekuthinjweni

Phesheya umsebenzi nokubhala Mann akazange azise nayiphi na ingeniso. Mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba Iinoveli zaba nomdla ikakhulu kubafundi German. A indima ebalulekileyo yokuba umsebenzi Mann baqalisa ukuba ukwehla, kwaye iye yaba yintlekele entsatsheni.

Ngowe-1950, e Santa Monica, enye indoda yafa ihlwempu kakhulu kwaye ndililolo ngokupheleleyo. Kwinyanga ngaphambi kokufa zombhali wacela ukuba kwisikhundla sikaMongameli of the Academy of Arts, leyo eMpuma Jamani. Kodwa Heinrich Mann wayemiselwe ukuba afele kwilizwe lasemzini, yedwa.