Lwemali sesithi

stop Monetary sisixhobo ekhethekileyo yezimali, nesetyenziswa zombini iibhanki kunye nabatyali-mali zamaziko kunye neenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe. Nangona zonke iintlobo segazi - exchange angaphandle, ukulingana kunye nenzala - asebenza ngayo efanayo, befundisi neempawu ezithile.

Loo ukusebenza njenge swap currency, lisoloko libandakanya nxaxheba ezimbini market abanqwenela ukwenza exchange ukufumana imali efunekayo kunye inzuzo enkulu. Ukuze ubonise kakuhle eli swap lwemali, cinga nje ngomzekelo ilandelayo.

Makhe ezinye inkampani IsiNgesi (Company A) onqwenela ukungenela ezi US emarikeni kunye corporation US (B) - ukwandisa esimi yentengiso yayo e-UK. Ngokuqhelekileyo mboleko kunye mboleko ukuba iibhanki akhuphe iinkampani non-umhlali, ukuba amazinga aphezulu umdla ngaphezu kwabo ozinikiweyo mveliso yasekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, inkampani A unakho ukukhupha mboleko wase US kwi-10% ngonyaka, kwaye Company B - mboleko ze GBP phantsi 9%. Ngelo xesha, amazinga kwiinkampani wengingqi ogonyo mncinci kakhulu - 5% ne-4% ngokulandelelana. Ezihlola A and B ingenziwa phakathi nesivumelwano esiza kuba lulutho, phantsi apho umbutho ngamnye uya kufumana ngetyala lwemali lwendawo yabo kwibhanki yasekuhlaleni irhafu elilungileyo ngakumbi yaye ngoko ke "exchange" mboleko kusetyenziswa indlela eyaziwa njenge swap lwemali.

Makhe sicinge ukuba esikiti British kunye nokwabelana dollar kwimarike Forex ngomlinganiselo 1,60 USD ngenxa 1.00 GBP, yaye zonke nkampani ifuna inani elifanayo. Kulo mzekelo, i-US inkampani B ziya kufumana £ 100 million, kwaye inkampani A - million 160 zeerandi. Kakade ke, kuya kufuneka ukuba imbuyekezo iintlawulo nzala liqabane labo, kodwa swap iteknoloji yenza zombini iifemu ukuba ukunciphisa iindleko zabo ukuhlawula iimali-mboleko phantse kabini.

Ukwenzela ukuba kube lula umzekelo sele zicime indima izenzo swap nomthengisi njengomthetheli phakathi kwamaqela ku yingisela. umthengisi-nxaxheba ukwandisa kancinane ixabiso mboleko ukuba omabini amaqabane, kodwa ke iindleko iza kuba nkulu kakhulu ukuba amaqela aziyi kusebenza yokutshintshana ubugcisa. Umyinge wenzala, okusenza umthengisi ixabiso letyala, njengoko umthetho, ngakuba umkhulu kakhulu yaye uluhlu ngamanqaku asisiseko ezilishumi.

Kufuneka kuqwalaselwe olu hlobo kwimisebenzi efana lwemali umyinge wenzala swap. Kulo mzekelo, amaqela ukutshintsha iintlawulo inzala, uyalele ukuba ukuhlawula imali-mboleko imali yelinye ilizwe.

Makhe sihlolisise ezimbalwa iingongoma ezingundoqo ezenza kwintengiselwano angaphandle segazi zahlukile kwezinye iintlobo imisebenzi efanayo.

Mu kuya kwa nshita swap, esekelwe kwingeniso kunye ipesenti swap elula, imali sesithi kubandakanya yokuqala uze asilonaniselwano lokugqibela mali ekuvunyelwene kusengaphambili izibophelelo ngetyala. Kumzekelo wethu, inkampani zazide wonaniselwano $ 160 million ukuya £ 100 million ekuqaleni lo msebenzi, yaye ekupheleni kwekhontrakthi baya kwenza utshintshiselwano sokugqibela - ubuyisela mali ngamaqela afanelekileyo. Kweli nqanaba, amaqabane omabini emngciphekweni, ngenxa yokuba isantya sokunyuka lokuqala idola kunye esikiti (1.60: 1), mhlawumbi sele yatshintsha.

Ukongeza, kuba uninzi segazi nettingovanie isici. Igama elithi offset lithetha izibalo. Le swap transaction ingeniso epheleleyo, umzekelo, eziyimveliso kwi salathisi singavuselelwa kwaneso ingeniso phantsi ukhuseleko ethile. Ingeniso elinye iqela le intengiselwano wesefu ngokunxulumene ingeniso elinye iqela ukuya kumhla oluthile pre-wavuma, waza wenza intlawulo enye kuphela. Kwangaxeshanye, iintlawulo ngamaxesha ezinxulumene segazi lwemali, nettingovaniyu kungabi. Omabini amaqabane bathembisa ukwenza iintlawulo ezifanelekileyo phakathi ngomhla ochaziweyo.

Ngoko ke, lo swap lwemali - sisixhobo apho zifikelele kwinjongo ezimbini eziphambili. Kwelinye icala, banciphisa ixabiso kweendleko mboleko yebhanki kwi amazwe (njengoko umzekelo ngasentla), yaye kwelinye icala, ukuba kuyibiyela iingozi ukuba anxulunyaniswa neenguqu ngokukhawuleza kumazinga exchange kwimarike Forex.