Kutheni iinyikima zenzeka rhoqo e Chile? Nature Chile

Iya isanda, iintlekele zemvelo ziye zaba isihloko kwiingxoxo kunye neendaba. Esi sixeko kunye nabantu abachatshazelwa iinkanyamba, izikhukula, iinyikima zomhlaba, kunye neenkanyamba, kuvela rhoqo phezu kumaphepha phambi ezipapashiweyo. Awu! Le babona kabuhlungu. Enye yezi mazwe, obubonakala ngokuba umsebenzi ezingazinzanga seismic, yi Chile. Iinkcukacha ezininzi kule lizwe, yaye loo nto e Chile akholisa ukubakho inshorensi inyikima kweli nqaku.

Indawo lizwe kwalapho eqongeni jikelele

EChile - lilizwe umdla, izityebi ubume bayo kunye zasendle. Ukuba ujonga kuyo ukusuka kumphakamo enkulu, uya kuqaphela ukufana komcu ende emxinwa elisingise kunxweme Pacific ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. Kwicala ngasezantsi Chile ungabona iziqithi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ezona zinabantu kuthathwa Tierra del Fuego.

Ukusuka emantla imida lizwe kunye Republic of Peru, kunye kumntla-lasempuma ngakulo - kunye eBolivia, empumalanga - kunye Argentina. Kwaye ukuba ibingekho i Drake Passage, ummandla zeLizwe ochaphazelekayo ngokuyimfuneko, abangaswele kuthobela mntu Antarctica. Nantsi indawo emangalisayo, apho Chile.

Islands and Chile

Le ndawo iyonke karhulumente 756 102 ezikwere zeekhilomitha, apho malunga ne-98,4% ilizwe ne 1.6% - ngamanzi kunye elunxwemeni ibanga 6435 km. Ngu imilinganiso yalo Chile phezu kwendawo 38. Ukulinganisa, ukuba amaxesha 22.5 incinane Russian, kodwa ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba yamazwe aseYurophu, umzekelo, ngaphezu kummandla French ka amaxesha 1.38, Ukraine - amaxesha 1.25.

EChile - elizweni, nto leyo equka iziqithi ezininzi ezinkulu nezincinane. Phakathi kwabo - Easter Island, Nui, uJuan Fernandez, San Ambrosio, Diego Ramirez, San Felix, Sala-i-Gomes, kwakunye Nqabakazi le Chonos nabanye.

Esi sixeko sikhulu karhulumente

Phakathi imizi emikhulu eChile ezi zilandelayo:

• Puente Alto.
• Antofagasta.
• Vina del Mar
• Valparaíso.
• San Bernardo nabanye.

Ikomkhulu leRiphabliki lowo umzi inkulu eSantiago. Okulandelayo siza kuthetha kutheni iinyikima zomhlaba zenzeka rhoqo Chile.

Onke amazwe ugonane isiqabu

Chile ise emazantsi kwaye ngundoqo Andes ezintle. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba kule ndawo kukho umahluko ephakame inkulu ehlabathini. Umzekelo, nantsi ke kwinqanaba eliphezulu kurhulumente - ". Amehlo wetyuwa" entabeni kunye negama engaqhelekanga Ojos del Salado, bona bubonakala Ukuphakama summit kwalo malunga 6893 m. Ummandla kumanxweme lizwe kamnandi wababeka nqanaba lisezantsi kwiriphabliki, ebizwa ngokuba Atacama kumkhombe ogama ubunzulu ngu 8180 m.

EChile - ilizwe kunye isiqabu emangalisayo, apho yimani ngokucacileyo ngaphandle nje ezintathu imimandla longitudinal ezinkulu: Coastal lweNkobe Cordillera of the Andes, kunye Longitudinal Valley.

Nobukhazikhazi yemozulu Chilean: iqondo lobushushu, umoya, imvula

Chile - indawo engaqhelekanga apho ngokugqibeleleyo ngokudibanisa iintlobo ezininzi kwemozulu. Ngoko ke, inxalenye esemntla ilizwe ezishushu efudumeleyo, emazantsi yemozulu abangaxhalabisiyo yolwandle waphawula, yaye kufutshane Antarctica - le Antarctic kunye sub-Antarctic. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko umgama ukusuka elunxwemeni ukuya ngasempuma kwiintaba yongeniselo imozulu lizwekazi kwenzeka kwaye ukuhla elibukhali kwi kwisiqulatho sokufuma: umoya uba zokuphefumla eyomileyo nzima.

Kuwo lo nyaka kukho ukuwa-50 ukuya ku-1000 mm (kumathambeka ukuya ku 3000 mm) zemvula, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba unxweme basoloko iindawo yenkungu. Le nyanga rainiest, apho uwa ku-200 mm emvula Julayi. Ngeli xesha, ilizwe South American bazalwe okwethutyana e Albion kwaye ophethwe ukufuma ngokugqithiseleyo.

I-avareji ubushushu apha ngezantsi imo +3 ° C ukuya +16 ° C, yaye kumantla +12 ° C ukuya +22 ° C. Kwaye elunxwemeni awubandi kakhulu ngakumbi Ezantsi kweenduli yentaba. Ngokutsho kweengcali, onjalo simanga lobushushu edityaniswe kufutshane imisinga ezimbini ezinkulu: Humboldt kunye nemimoya Western.

indawo okungaqhelekanga zemvelo - Patagonia

Patagonia - uhlobo Savannah okanye emathafeni, ibekwe kwenye mimandla awona ehlabathini. Kuyinto indawo yabakhenkethi, ngokuba zonke inyathelo uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana ichibi ngokucacileyo ngokungaqhelekanga blue ngamanzi ecacileyo. Yaye ecaleni kunokwenzeka ukuqesha iintonga yokuloba kunye nezinye izixhobo ukuloba ogqibeleleyo ngaphezu udumo kunye nezinye izixeko e Chile.

Patagonia - ke iphupha abathandi phandle. Ukongezelela obonisa ukunyuka intaba, abathandi ubume ezibukekayo ungaya phantsi esikhepheni ukuba imilambo fast nokuguguma intaba. Ilungele iHlumelo photo, iyavakala ukuya kwi-National Park Torres del Paine National Park, apho ungakwazi thatha ibukeke flamingos, rheas, condors, guanacos, Iimpungutye zinemingxuma puma.

amawa yokudelela

Enye indawo engaqhelekanga eChile kukho amawa, ngexesha okubangelwa zengxinano kunxweme olusemazantsi karhulumente komkhenkce. Kukholelwa ukuba kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo umkhenkce zagutyungelwa zonke izixeko Chile kunye nabanye kummandla karhulumente mihla.

Okwangoku amawa amele abekwe omkhulu ice kuvuleke leyo ngokuyinxenye ezivelileyo ukusuka izigqubuthelo emanzini. Kwezinye iindawo ungabona kunye zomkhenkce enentsingiselo yelizwekazi, yaye phakathi ichweba San Rafael ukubona inkqubo Educational kwazo nokuthumela ukuba swimming enkulu phantsi ulwandle.

Eyona lubizwa Atacama Desert

Sizoku lwisana nezityalo eziluhlaza kunye neentaba Atacama Desert ukhangela engaqhelekanga kakhulu kwaye imfihlakalo. Le ibekwe ngasentla karhulumente. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye landscape izinto eChile - Atacama ufana intyatyambo, onako ikhule kuphela imvula koma phantsi yelanga elingenanceba. Oko ke akucingeleki kangaka kunye nohlobo ezininzi Chile.

Ngokutsho kweengcali, imvula apha zinqabile kakhulu, kwaye maxa wambi-esinika ubomi nobunye ukufuma olunethayo izityalo ezinqabileyo kufuneka ukuba silinde iminyaka. Ngoko ke, walibiza Atacama entlango, le lawona ehlabathini.

Ngenxa kwimozulu eyomileyo kuloo mmandla entlango kukho malunga 160 neentlobo Cacti, emthunzini apho uthanda ukufihla ezirhubuluzayo ezirhubuluzayo. Ngu abahlala entlango emikhulu nabalulamileyo kwi Lama ukutya. Ngomhla kutheni Chile badla iinyikima zenzeka, siya sichaze ngezantsi.

Yintoni unobangela ziintshukumo zenyikima kweli lizwe?

Ngoko akukho mfihlelo abantu Chile baphethwe iinyikima rhoqo neetsunami kude. Ngenxa yoko, ngoMeyi 1960, kwaba apha ukuba enye iinyikima zomhlaba, umothuko wamva amandla enkulu leyo malunga 9.3-9.5 amanqaku zirekhodwe. Yintoni isizathu sokuba ziintshukumo zenyikima enjalo likhula ngokukhawuleza?

Ngokutsho kweengcali, oonobangela neenyikima, eziliqela. Okokuqala, le yindawo enika umdla, apho Chile, ligcwele elinentabalala overground kunye mlilo kwamanzi. Kwaye phantse bonke bephela esebenzayo, ke ngoko, ukuba ungumlinganiswa onjani na ixesha ukuqhushumba, nto leyo maxa na umzuzu zisenokuqhushumba.

Ngokomzekelo, eChile lo mlilo Villyarika dubulo ogama ngo-50 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Okwangoku ke akathanga kuthwala iingozi kwaye yindawo owuthandayo abakhenkethi.

Ngaphandle kuye, kweli lizwe iyasebenza kwakhona zilandelayo Chile mlilo:

• Parinacota.
• Licancabur.
• Guallatiri.
• Osorno.
• NgooIru Phutunqu.
• Ojos del Salado kunye nabanye.

Kazi ukuba avuse umntu mlilo nangaliphi na ixesha. Ngoko ke, Calbuco mlilo izihlandlo ezithathu ngo-Apreli kunyaka ophelileyo iveki enye. Ngenxa yoko yesehlo yakhululwa phantse zizigidi 210 cubic metres umlotha, eyayiza abantu abangaphezulu kwama-6000 emoyeni.

Isizathu sesibini sokuba Chile ngokufuthi iinyikima ilele indawo kweli lizwe. Kulo mzekelo, oko ukwakweli kunxweme Pacific kwintshona yoMzantsi Merika. Ngokutsho kweengcali, apha kwaye kukho uhlobo kuhlangana ziitectonic plates. Yaye kwelinye icala olwandle na ipleyiti Nazca, yaye kwelinye (ummandla lizwekazi) - South American, nto leyo umba ngaphezulu "elibonakayo-ummelwane".

Ngexesha lezi iintshukumo iliso engabonakaliyo kunye Barr zenzeka. Ba malooschutimymi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Isizathu sesithathu kukuba ebumelwaneni Chile (iinyikima, iitsunami, mlilo - zonke ezi foto baye kwinqaku lethu) Peruvian-Chilean Trench, nto leyo iGqili phantsi kwilizwekazi ngokwayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uninzi yalapho ngenyikima kubunzulu eliphakathi 100 no-300 km ecaleni kumphezulu lonke ijinga phezu emdaka. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-2010 kwabakho inyikima eyoyikekayo, nombindi leyo ezinzulu olwandle. Ngelo xesha, Barr kwamanzi kwakhokelela nayitsunami Baphantse ukundigqibela kwiidolophu eziselunxwemeni ezimbalwa emhlabeni.

Ngokufutshane, eChile - lo kwikona ongaqhelekanga yaye kungakholeleki elimiweyo umsebenzi sibi kakhulu seismic.