Klod Debyussi: ibhayografi elifutshane umqambi, imbali yobomi, ubuchule kunye imisebenzi engcono

Umqambi Achille Klod Debyussi, ukuba ayicamagushele romanticism kunye kwimpucuko kunye elinesithoba kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini; yenye amanani libalulekileyo kubomi zomculo yelo xesha. Ukongeza umculo omnandi wabhala lukhulu nabagxeki ezilungileyo umculo esiqinileyo. Kukho oonyana abaninzi bafanelwe bayazingca eFransi, kwaye omnye wabo - Klod Debyussi. biography emfutshane of begqubuthele kweli nqaku.

ebuntwaneni

Umqambi ozelwe kwimimandla Paris ngo-Agasti 1862. uyise wakhe umnini evenkileni china elincinane, wathengisa kungekudala waza umgcini-eParis, apho intsapho yakhe waya.

Kukho yaye wachitha phantse yonke esengumntwana Klod Debyussi. biography emfutshane ithi ukuba ixesha ebalulekileyo engekho umqambi elizayo esixekweni. Yaba imfazwe Franco-Prussia, kunye nomama wam wasisusa umntwana kude ukudubula - in Cannes.

piano

Apho, eneminyaka esibhozo, Claude waqala ukuthatha izifundo nepiyano, bona bendithanda ukuze, waza wabuyela eParis, akazange ayeke. Apha wafundisa Antoinette isibi eso de Fleurville, toscha imbongi Verlaine kunye njengokhozo umqambi nepiyano Chopin. Emva kweminyaka emibini (iminyaka elishumi), UClaude uye wafunda kwi-Paris Conservatory: nepiyano wayefundisa yena Antoine Marmontel, solfege - Aotber Lavinyak nomzimba - Sezar Frank.

Kwiminyaka esixhenxe kamva, Debussy waphumelela ibhaso ukusebenza a Sonata ngu Schumann, nto ngakumbi, ukuba zingaphawulwa ngexesha izifundo zakhe somculo. Kodwa udidi imvisiswano kusitsho yozigqabhuza enziwa lenene, apho yazinyaswa yi Klod Debyussi. biography emfutshane yaye ngokuqinisekileyo ikhankanya oku. utitshala wesikolo Old Emil Dyuran akazange avumele nkqu yemifuniselo ezininzi ezindilisekileyo isicwangciso harmonic, kunye Debussy wabiza nemvisiswano bamakhazikhazi utitshala-izandi indlela ezazibangelwa yokuhlela. Waqalisa ukufunda nokwakhiwa kuphela emva phantse elishumi iminyaka, ngo-1880, uNjingalwazi Ernesta Giro.

Debussy neRashiya

Ngaphambi nje oku, umsebenzi utitshala womculo ekhaya nepiyano, yafunyanwa kwintsapho osisityebi Russian. Usapho waya eItali naseSwitzerland, naye kunye Klod Debyussi. biography emfutshane iinkcukacha uxelela umxhasi Nadezhda von Meck, eyayinceda Tchaikovsky kunye nabanye abantu abaninzi zokudala. Yile baqesha Claude Debussy. nehlobo ababini umqambi umqolo eyayibanjwe kufuphi eMoscow - e Plescheevo, apho waba eqhelene ngokweenkcukacha kunye umculo Russian zakutshanje yaye kwandivuyisa nale sikolo ukwakheka.

Apha ke wavula kunye Tchaikovsky, Balakirev kunye Borodin. He ngokukodwa bachukunyiswa umculo zikaMussorgsky. Ekunye von Meck e Vienna Debussy ndaqala ukuva Wagner wayeyithanda "Tristan kunye UIsolde". Ngelishwa, kungekudala lo msebenzi ezimnandi kwaye eluncedo (kwaye ihlawulwe kakuhle) kwafuneka ukuba ahambe, kuba bafumanisa ngequbuliso abathile intabatheko Debussy enye yeentombi von Meck.

kwakhona eParis

Xa idolophu umqambi efumene accompanist kwi studio emphinjeni, apho badibana bememelela engahlawulwayo Mam Vanier, leyo wawenza banzi kakhulu isangqa yakhe abazana eBohemia izindawo.

Ngokuba kuye, ayibhala ngemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala. Apha, ekugqibeleni, uqala incwadi "uyakhala" Klod Debyussi. Biography, isishwankathelo leyo iqulethe inkcazo ezi ubudlelwane kunye isiphumo - i iibhaladi olugqibeleleyo "kwi zobuqili" yaye "Mandolin", uthe isiganeko sokuqala.

ezifundweni Award

Ngelo xesha waqhubeka kwiiklasi somculo. Apho Claude wazama ukufumana ukwamkeleka kunye nempumelelo phakathi nabo. Kwaye ngo 1883 yena yanikezelwa ukuze cantata "Gladiator" wesibini Prix de eRoma. Waza wabhala enye cantata - "Wolahleko Nyana", yaye kunyaka olandelayo waphumelela Prix Grand de eRoma, ngoncedo naye kule (ngesiquphe kwaye ezichukumisayo) umqambi Sharl Guno.

iipremiyamu ezinjalo kufuneka basebenze qho ayisosinyanzelo kwaye Debussy kunye ukulibaziseka manyundululu iinyanga ezimbini ngendleko yoluntu eRoma, apho kwiminyaka emibini kudala ukuhlala nabanye abaphumeleleyo Villa Medici nokuyila umculo khona apho kuya kukholeka konservatortsam wezifundo.

eRoma

Ubomi ezakhokelela Klod Debyussi, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu amafutshane abantwana phantse kunye, ngoko ke ziyaphikisana yaye edidayo. Wayefuna ukuba phakathi Academy of babebambelele, kwaye wamelana. Prize yanikezelwa, kodwa ukuba sifezeke bengenamnqweno, ngenxa yokuba kufuneka Babengabalelani iimfuno zemfundo.

Kwaye kunokuba ukubhala iingoma ezintle into zemveli. Kwaye ngoko ke kufuneka owakho, original kwaye akukho mntu wumbi ulwimi zomculo nesimbo! Ukusuka apha kanye ephikisanayo. oonjingalwazi Academic abazange ukwamkela yaye abazange bade kuyinyamezela into entsha.

impressionism

Njengoko kulindelekile, le namaRoma uyilo abazange kunomvuzo kakhulu. umculo Italian akazange kufutshane umqambi, akazange singafani eRoma ... Noko ke, kukho ithemba. Apha Debussy wafunda kwisihobe i-Pre-Raphaelites waza waqalisa ukubhala umbongo, "Intombi-awayeza kutshata" ilizwi kunye okhestra. Wabhala nemibongo Gabriel Rossetti. Oku kulo msebenzi, Debussy wabonisa iimpawu zobuntu bakhe zomculo.

Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa eParis olawulwa ode Symphonic Heine "Zyuleyma", kunye nonyaka kamva wohambelwano for ikwayala (silikhuphe litsole) kunye Orchestra "Spring" - umzobo ngu Botticelli. Nantsi suite kunye spodvigla buchopho bathi okokuqala ngokunxulumene umculo elithi "impressionism". Ulizwi ethoba isidima kubo. Debussy, kakhulu, akazange ayithande kota, kwaye ngandlela zonke ukuzama kude ngokwayo kuye ngokunxulumene nomsebenzi wakhe.

malunga nendlela

Ngelo xesha impressionism kakhulu esezantsi ethathe imilo kwi zabazobi, kodwa nkqu wahlelwa umculo. Nkqu indlela okwangoku thaca kule misebenzi ikhankanywe apha ngasentla umqambi. Nje oonjingalwazi emfundo iindlebe ngokuchanekileyo wayiqonda mkhuba kanye boyika ukuba Debussy.

Kodwa malunga efanayo "Zyuleyme" Debussy ngokwakhe wathetha nkqu isigqebelo nokubhuqa, esikhumbuza naye kule umculo ayikho into Meyerbeer, Verdi na. Kodwa ke imisebenzi emibini yokugqibela ke akukho isigqebelo akazange abangele, kwaye xa i "Spring" wala ukwenza kwi somculo, enza ngokufanayo "enyulu, darling," Debussy nolu- yaye Ndohlukana ubudlelwane ne-Academy.

Wagner and Mussorgsky

Bambalwa abantu bekulungele njalo ezintsha, njengoko Klod Debyussi. biography emfutshane bobuchule ngokubanzi, inshorensi ayikwazi, kunjalo, umjikelo ingoma "imibongo Ezintlanu Baudelaire," ufanelwe ligama elinye. Asiyonto Sixelisa Wagner, kodwa impembelelo iinkosi kwi Debussy yayinkulu, kwaye uyakuva oko. Kuninzi apho kwaye iinkumbulo eRashiya, ingakumbi ukususela yokunqulwa umculo yi Mussorgsky.

Emva umzekelo wakhe, Debussy ugqiba ukufumana inkxaso kwi intsomi, kungekhona esakho. Ngowe-1889 Paris World i-Fair kwaqhutywa, yaye apho umqambi wakhankanya umculo exotic Java kunye annamitskogo okhestra. Le nkolelo ke elinye, kodwa ukuyilwa kwesimbo umqambi wayo iye kodwa wanceda, kwaqengqeleka iminyaka emithathu.

salon Chausson

Ekupheleni kwale 80s kokuba iqale ukwakha "impressionistic" Achille Claude Debussy biography. Umhla Key yobomi umqambi ayingobantu zininzi gqitha, ukuba andithanga ndikukhumbule, kodwa lo - ngoko ke ngakumbi kuba kubalulekile. Debussy idibana Umqambi engahlawulwayo Ernest Chausson kunye nabahlobo abasenyongweni abaninzi yabakhenkethi salon lakhe.

Kwakukho nosaziwayo cishe, abantu ezinomdla kakhulu ezifana abaqambi Albéniz, Faure, du Parc, Phewa apho Polina Viardo, kwaye nalo ke umbhali Ivan Turgenev, wadlala apho violin Ezhen UYese wagqithisa nepiyano Alfred Cortot-Denis, walirhola Klod Mone. Kwaba kukhona kwaye ke ngoko ukuba abahlobo noStéphane Mallarmé kunye Klod Debyussi. Biography umqambi natyetyiswa ezintsha siqubisene, ukuthandana, ubuhlobo kunye nentsebenziswano. Ukanti loo nto xa Edgar Allan Poe ubomi baba umbhali ozithandayo uClaude Debussy.

erik Satie

Noko ke, kweli xesha xesha bonke aba bantu kangaka kangakanani akuseko italente umqambi, njengoko kwintlanganiso Montmartre ngo-1891, kunye taporom esiqhelekileyo "zokutyela kwi Cloud." Igama lakhe Eric Satie. Improvisation, ova Debussy kule yokutyela, kwabonakala kuye entsha ngendlela engaqhelekanga, nabani nangakuthandiyo, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akuyi kafeshantannymi. Ndaqhelana naye, Debussy wathanda inkululeko abehlala waza wathetha ngayo ubomi ngumntu ozimeleyo. Imigwebo yakhe malunga umculo zange intetho, kwaba bitingly nehlekisayo yaye akazange nanceba abasemagunyeni.

imisebenzi bavakalisa izimvo zabo kunye ipiyano of Satie baba kakhulu ngqindilili, nangona ebhalwe ziingcali kakhulu. Ukuzalana madoda mabini yathatha phantse ikhulu ngekota kwaye ayizange elula, kwaba ubuhlobo, intiyo, ezele ziingxabano, kodwa ukuqonda zizityebi. Wachaza Debussy onke kufuneka ukuba balahle impembelelo lokudala enkulu Wagner kunye Mussorgsky, njengoko akukho notyekelo zendalo French. Wabonisa Debussy na izixhobo ezibonwayo eziye elide gqitha artists Cézanne, Monet, Toulouse-Lautrec, ihlala yodwa ukufumana indlela eya ukuhambisa kubo ibe umculo.

Basemva kwemini of a Faun

Ngo-1893, kuphela ukuqala isincoko elide kwi-opera ka Maeterlinck kaThixo "Pelleas et Melisandre." Kwaye ke sele kunokwenzeka ngenkalipho ilizwi "impressionism" ukudibanisa igama - Debyussi Klod. Biography - Ibali lobomi, ubuchule, sijike intlanganiso kwindlela ubugcisa kakhulu ngakumbi, kodwa ke amalungu ayo candelo, kwaye iphambili kwakusoloko kukho enye. Kuba Debussy Kakade ke, ingqondo yemveli. Emva konyaka, ngowe-1894-m, waphefumlelwa eclogue Mallarme kaThixo, yaye waqamba "ikhadi ishishini" of Impressionism - "The kwemini a Faun", nanto ubhobhoyi isandulela Symphonic.

Umsebenzi on the opera sele ifuna iminyaka esithoba yobomi bakhe. Ngaxeshanye, Debussy wabhala imveliso ngaphantsi enkulu, kodwa hayi uphawu incinane: triptych okhestra "Ulwandle" kunye isikali Symphonic ngokwenene, apho izinto bayathetha omnye komnye (isiphelo - "The imimoya incoko kunye ulwandle"). Zonke umqambi umculo baba ngokwenene ikhangeleka ngathi Monet - iithowuni oluvakalayo - "imibala" - ukuba maxongo noko, zombini iipateni bhuqe.

"Izithombe", "ukholo" yaye "Imidlalo"

imifanekiso iholide okhestra enikelwe kumazwe amathathu - France, Spain kunye eNgilani zaye zabhalwa kwaye zenziwa iminyaka esixhenxe, ukuqala 1905. Ingakumbi okulungileyo Spanish "Iberia" - a izabelo ekupheleni eliqaqambileyo kunye nokuzila kunye umahluko nocturne "ezithandwa yasebusuku" phakathi.

Ngowe-1911, ngequbuliso a bevuthela kubaphulaphuli umculo Debussy, abo sele baqhele, wabathanda umdlalo entanglements abangenazigqibo ziyatshintsheka harmonic kwimisebenzi yakhe kamva. Harmony ngequbuliso wazisa umoya yamandulo, texture iye kakhulu kwaye nenoqoqosho kakhulu. Yaba umculo, wayila imfihlelo "ekubulaweni St. Sebastian" uGabriel d'Annutsio. Emva koko, ngo-1913, wafumana umyalelo omnye-isenzo ballet "Imidlalo" yi S. P. Dyagileva apho Debussy ngesibindi yaye wathabatha kakhulu ukumelana msebenzi.

piano

Suite for Piano Debussy zidalwe kwiinkulungwane wawuthandeka ezininzi, phantse zonke nkqu kancinci kwikonsathi yano ngoku bexhobe lo mculo. Oku kane "Bergamasque Suite" yabhalwa ngo-1890, yaye inxalenye ezintathu, lahlokoma kuqala ngo-1901, nto leyo ingalandwa ngokulinganisa indlela yokuhlobisa.

Ukususela-1903 ukuya ku-1910-th Debussy wabhala eziphathwayo ezimbini nepiyano "isandulela" yaye "Kuprintwa". Ngowe-1915, wayigqiba umjikelo elinababini "Etudes", elingcwele Frederic Chopin. Ubuhlobo Igor Stravinsky "weva" lweenkqubo kwisuti ngenxa pianos ezimbini "Xa abamnyama nabamhlophe," eyagqitywa ngo-1915, kwaye eminye imisebenzi nomculo lo xesha.

umculo bavakalisa izimvo zabo kunye negumbi

neoclassical Kokukhona waqalisa imisebenzi yakhe nomculo ngexesha lokugqibela ebomini. Iindinyana of French iimbongi le Renaissance yaba sisiseko 'Iingoma waseFransi "ukuba Debussy begqibile ukubhala ngo-1904," Ukuhamba Lovers ", apho umbhali wabeka iminyaka emithandathu yobomi bakhe, kokuphumelela kuzo kuphela ngo-1910, kodwa" iibhaladi Three "kwi mibongo Villon ngayo Bhala ngokukhawuleza.

Ukongeza umculo uyakhala, Debussy zange ashiye kunye kwigumbi uhlobo: wabhala oluninzi encinane, kodwa eqaqambileyo kakhulu kwaye zithandwa imisebenzi zonke cello kunye nepiyano, Purple, nembande nohadi - yala madoda, ivayolin kunye nepiyano. Akazange abe nexesha ukugqiba umjikelezo sonatas egumbini ezintandathu. Klod Debyussi wafa ngowe-1918, e-Paris, ngumhlaza. Kodwa ihlabathi liya kusoloko khumbula.