Izilwanyana Deuterostome: yokuhlela

izilwanyana Faka deuterostome kukuba xa uphuhliso osandul kwi ndawo kwisisu oyinhloko kwakheka ezimpundu, umlomo yaye kamva ubonakala kwindawo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngamanye amazwi sinokuthi mbungu a yokuvula umlomo kwelinye icala, yaye umntu omdala - kwindawo eyahlukileyo. izilwanyana Deuterostome kuba kummandla sub-candelo, equka echinoderms, chordates kunye hemichordates. Baya kuba loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yinkqubela-eziphilayo bilaterally macala.

Iimpawu zezilwanyana bilaterally macala

Eyona nkalo iphambili yezi zilwanyana kukuba kumacala asekhohlo nasekunene umzimba - oku isipili ocacileyo omnye komnye. Indlela ukuyiqonda le nto? Kufuneka nje ukuba bangenise moya, apho, njengoko yahlula umzimba wesilwanyana kwisiqingatha. Kulo mzekelo, zombini ezi ndawo iza kufana twatse. ufumane ingqikelelo izilwanyana "bilaterally macala" kwezinye iindawo.

Olu phawu yahluke ngokupheleleyo ukusuka uhlobo kwezinye izilwanyana nabantu, apho umzimba lunqunyanyisiwe symmetrically. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izidumbu zibekwe kwi indiza. Kwaye bilaterally macala akukho ezinye iindiza. Olu phawu na izinto ezintle. Ezi izilwanyana Kulula kakhulu ukuba kwimigca ethe tye kunye ithuba. Zingabantu kakhulu deuterostome kunye nezilwanyana.

Ngokungafaniyo protostomes evela deuterostome

Abameli ezi ntlobo, nangona efanayo, kodwa umahluko wenze khona. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, a bilaterally macala kwaye protostomes deuterostome izilwanyana. La magama zivela indlela rictus kuqala kuphuhliso osandul. Xa protostomes sethutyana blastospores (umngxuma ethunjini zaseprayimari) uluhlu kwisisu ngomlomo. Kwaye kule ndawo deuterostome kwakhiwa ezinqeni. Enanikade ukuvulwa umlomo senziwa ngendlela entsha ekupheleni ngaphambili mbungu. Kukho kwakhona ziyimizekelo apho kukho ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo blastopore, kwaye umlomo kunye ezimpundu kuvela kwakhona.

Kwaye enye benegalelo ifumaneka kuphuhliso lokuqala ebuchotsheni. Xa protostomes ubuchopho kwesilwanyana abadala. Xa deuterostome is ukuncitshiswa wayo rate kunye entsha idale kwakhona kwenye indawo. izilwanyana Deuterostome ezibizwa ngokuba vtorichnomozgovymi.

izilwanyana Classification deuterostome

Siye sahlolisisa ngubani izilwanyana deuterostome, imizekelo kunye neempawu uphuhliso lwabo. Ngoku lixesha lokuba ngubani ongowakhe kule subkingdoms. Ezi zibandakanya ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

- chordates;
- chaetognaths;
- echinoderms.

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha apho izilwanyana zizilwanyana deuterostome. Xa uhlobo imisindo zezi Amphioxus, lampreys, iintlanzi, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, ezirhubuluzayo, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Ngu chaetognaths ziquka izilwanyana zaselwandle, ummeli idumileyo utolo ulwandle. A Uhlobo engaqhelekanga kakhulu echinoderms ziquka korale, urchins ulwandle, cucumber ulwandle, iinyibiba ulwandle. Zonke ezi izilwanyana efanayo kukuba - izilwanyana deuterostome. Ukongeza iimpawu uyila emlonyeni, ezi zidalwa nazo umahluko kuphuhliso ezinye iinkqubo omzimba.

Iimpawu ze kuphuhliso chordates umbungu

Chordates - it izilwanyana deuterostome nezahlukileyo ngembonakalo, umfanekiso zokuphila iimeko. Abameli olu hlobo inokufumaneka yonke. Zihlala phezu komhlaba emanzini kwaye emhlabeni kwaye emoyeni. Gcobisa ehlabathini lonke. Inani malunga namashumi amane amawaka.

Luhlanganisa kuzo zonke ebusweni amathambo yezihlunu, kwinyathelo yophuhliso umbungu umelwe ekhaliphileyo notochord (usinga). Xa abantu abadala ngohlobo etshintshiweyo, oko ihlala kuphela abameli uhlobo asezantsi. Wonke umntu, iya kwi ukuyilwa yomqolo, obo a mngxilo rhoqo iba abamnkela.

Indlela yokuwela iqanda aqhamileyo naye phawu ngokuyahlula phakathi Subkingdom ezimbini: ezijikeleze kwi protostomes kunye iphiramidi ebonisa unxibelelwano in deuterostome.

I-luvo yi ityhubhu umngxuma, inxalenye elingaphambili kamva uba ingqondo. ventricles zakhe enziwa kwisisu lwangaphakathi.

Kwingingqi Icipande ityhubhu kokudla ezimbini kuthotho imingxunya apho kukho unxibelelwano kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle. Le emqhokrweni visceral ekuthiwa. Abameli chordates ezisezantsi kule ndawo iigilizi. Zonke ezinye i niguqukele kwiziqalelo osandul kuphela, ezo ke ingasebenzi.

Eminye imithombo zibhekisela babizwa ngokuba hemichordates deuterostome. Oku izilwanyana benthic umbungu-like. Luphawulwa notochord (umzimba hordopodobny) kunye iperi slits dj. Kuphuhliso osandul embhoxo chordates, kodwa isakhiwo umzimba yahluke ngokupheleleyo. Umzimba imelwe ngamasebe amathathu: nkawu, enekhola kunye nesiqu.

chaetognaths izilwanyana

Ezi izilwanyana ezizingelayo zaselwandle, uyakwazi kwintshukumo ekhawulezileyo. Xa ubajongile, khangela ngathi utolo lithiwe rhuthu ekupheleni ngaphambili, kunye nomsila phaya emva. Ezi ezifumaneka kakhulu, nto leyo sitsala ukutya kwesilwanyana. Elilawulayo abumba intloko, umntla kunye nomsila. Kukho icala iwele kunye amaphiko omnye nomsila.

Okwabantwana kwezi zilwanyana deuterostome iqulathe kuphuhliso osandul le kwisisu zomlomo nokuba iqanda radially batyumke. Kuzo zonke ezinye iinkalo kukho ezinye umahluko. Ezi zilwanyana la yokujikeleza kwegazi, izifo kunye neenkqubo excretory. Kukho kwakhona Akukho imibhobho okuzala. I-luvo yi ijikazi peripharyngeal.

Iimpawu echinoderms izilwanyana

A phawu uphawu abameli olu hlobo phambi kwenkqubo tentacle. Oku ukuqanda fluid-ezaliswe, ngalo lihamba isilwanyana, umoya, yenza bemchukumisa iinkqubo secretory.

Yethumbu yinto elide okanye ibhegi. Inkqubo yegazi iqulathe nobeempahla setyhula kunye iphiramidi. Iimveliso ukubola ume ngaphandle nge pores ezincinane ezindongeni umzimba. Ukungakwazi kuphuhliswa izitho kunye luvo. Kodwa ephuhliswe kakuhle ubuchule okungenisa. Xa likaxakeka, ezi zilwanyana ukuze ulahle amalungu omzimba ukuba zifunyanwe kwakhona emva kweeveki ezimbini. Ngenxa lo msebenzi ezizinkwenkwezi Unga ukwanda ngokwahlula kubini. Emva kwexesha, kwisiqingatha sesibini abuyiselwe ngokupheleleyo.

iziphumo

Ukusuka ngentla sibona zizilwanyana yintoni deuterostome, malunga awohluke zophuhliso lwabo, kunye nabameli subkingdoms. Kucacile ukuba abameli kule iintlobo umdla kakhulu. Zisaqhubeka izifundo zabo.