Izibane Izibane: iintlobo, iimpawu, injongo

Ubomi womntu mihla akunakucingelwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umbane. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le isambuku imithombo ukukhanya - amandla. Malunga ne-15% yemali iyonke ye umbane usetyenzisiwe zalapho zokukhanya. Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukunyusa imveliso ukukhanya wandise ubomi umthombo wokukhanya, kuyimfuneko ukuba basebenzise imithombo kunoqoqosho lokukhanya, ngokuthe ngcembe ngokushiya abadala osi ngokungeyomfuneko umbane kakhulu.

izibane zokukhanya

Cinga ngezigaba eqhelekileyo. Ngokwesiseko imigaqo Asinazixhobo zombane ngokwemigaqo ngokukhanyisa ntlobo zilandelayo sezibane: izibane ezingqengezelayo, kuquka izibane halogen kunye nezibane obhobhozayo kwakunye LED, leyo kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo ngokuya kuthandwa.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iibhalbhu yahlukile ngokumila, ubukhulu, ubungakanani amandla osetyenzisiweyo kwaye nobushushu transfer-of-ubomi value. Ngoko ke, cinga izibane, electric ukukhanyisa ngokweenkcukacha uze ungqinisise eziluncedo nezingeloncedo lohlobo ngalunye.

iintlobo izibane

Leliphi izibane nguye cheap kwaye kulula ukuba isebenze? Oku njengezi eewathi ukukhanyisa - a igqala kwizixhobo ezininzi ekhaya. ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa kubenza ethandwayo eminyaka. Abangoyikiyo yeenguqu lobushushu, bona nangoko vula kwaye ziqulathe Makungabikho mphunga mercury enobungozi. Khupha ahlukile amandla isibane watts-25 ukuya 150. Nangona kunjalo, inani leeyure abasebenza izibane ezinjalo iphantsi, 1000 kuphela kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla iphezulu kakhulu kuyaphi kunezixhobo-eyonga. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngenxa yomsebenzi lens engumphunga isibane uba enamafu ulahlekelwe ukukhanya. Ngokuba bengengabo inzuzo, yaye ekugqibeleni abanike phezulu. Ngokomzekelo, kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, imveliso kunye nokuthengiswa lwayekiswa yaye akuvumelekanga ngumthetho.

izibane kugqame

Isetyenziswe kunye nebhalbhu kugqame. Ifana nqwa ibhalbhu ezingqengezelayo, umahluko kuphela - kumphezulu silvered. Sebenzisa oku ukwenza ukukhanya zokukhomba ukuya kwindawo ethile, umzekelo, kwi window okanye ibhilibhodi. UMarko R50, R63, no R80, apho inani ibonisa ubukhulu. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, banikwa umngxuma azinamsonto of E14 okanye E27 ngobukhulu umgangatho.

izibane ezibengezelayo

Njengokuba kubhaliwe iyaziwa, ukukhanyisa kufuneka malunga ne-15% yawo wonke umbane eyenziwe. Uyavuma, u ta va a kakhulu. Ukunciphisa le mzobo ukuba shift imithombo ukukhanya amafutha-kakuhle ngakumbi. Phantsi komthetho ngoku, ngo-2014 amandla sezibane mayingagqithi watts 25. Endaweni le yesiqhelo eewathi ugcino lwamandla isibane ezijiko kwafika ephelisa izihlandlo ezihlanu ngaphantsi amandla ngelixa kwinqanaba Ukukhanyisa kuhlala enye. Ntoni na ke? Le bulb lweglasi omhlophe, kugalelwe ngaphakathi phosphor kwaye iqulethe yegesi egalelwe kunye imali encinane nesigidi. phakathi kwezigaba elektroni kunye nesigidi ibonelela imitha yelanga, kwaye, yena, ngenxa phosphor iguqulelwa ukukhanya, elo owoyamaniswe ekuboneni. Ubomi inkonzo kwezi izibane - malunga nonyaka, okanye iiyure 10,000 ngaxeshanye. Kodwa izibane ukukhanyisa yale hlobo babe ethile enkulu, ukuba ziqulathe mercury. Ngoko ke, zifuna ukusetyenziswa ngononophelo kakhulu nokulahlwa kweemeko ezizodwa. Abakwazi ukuwisa okanye ukuphosela nje kulo doti - ngokuba, njengoko nisazi, nesigidi, nkqu hi mpimo lowutsongo kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukongeza, ukuba ungene emoyeni, kodwa musa ukuluhlakaza, size sihlale ntshunxekile, ityhefu yonke into. Ngenxa yoko, isixa nesigidi ukusuka isibane eyaphukileyo malunga-50 mg ^ku-3, kunye kwinqanaba elamkelekileyo ukuzikisa ingqondo umphunga 0,01 mg / m ^3.

Enye engxakini izibane ezinjalo: umbala abathile kubo ezimbi emehlweni, bawabase kakhulu ndlongondlongo. Kukho isisombululo: xa kukhethwa izibane ukuba bacinge kwithempritsha yayo umbala. It akalwa Kelvin (K). Ngoko ke, ithambile ngakumbi, umthunzi efudumeleyo ukunika isibane iphawulwe 2700K - 3000K, ukuba eli nani eliphezulu kakhulu iliso yabantu xa besebenza ngaphakathi njengoko kakhulu kufutshane ilanga zendalo.

Ukusetyenziswa izibane ezibengezelayo

Phakathi isixa esikhulu semali yombane kukho abo umsebenzi walo ongundoqo - ukubaleka ngokuqhubekayo kangangeeyure ezininzi. Ezithi zisetyenziswe kumagumbi luhlobo oluthile: izibhedlele, iivenkile, izitora, ii-ofisi. Kukholelwa ukuba uninzi ukukhanya kufutshane bendalo, kungoko igama: izibane ezibengezelayo.

Izibane ekuveliseni emilise ityhubhu yeglasi evuthelweyo ne electrode zoqhagamshelwano emiphethweni. Baye asetyenziswe kweli khaya. Zisebenziselwa mthombo uphambili ukukhanya yophahla okanye zixhonywe eludongeni njengoko ngaphezulu. lula kakhulu, umzekelo, ekhitshini, phezu wobuso xa ufuna ukuba ulimi ukukhanyisa okanye nezibane njengokuba zokuhombisa yayigcinwa, phantsi iishelfu kunye nemifanekiso, ngokuba akwariyam izibane, okanye ukufudumeza kwezityalo endlwini ngexesha lonyaka kubanda. basebenza kumsebenzi womnatha eqhelekileyo yaye zifuna akukho converters ngamandla akhethekileyo. izibane ezinjalo zithathwa amandla ombane kancinci, xa kuthelekiswa isibane yale igqengezelayo, zesampulu kwakude phantse akukho ubushushu, liyigqibele ukuya amaxesha 10 namandla, yaye nasekuxhatshazweni ngexesha yabo malunga 10,000 iiyure zokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Kodwa kukho caveat: le coverage luqhele ukusetyenziswa ngaphakathi kubushushu degrees 15-25. Kwiqondo lobushushu ephantsi, nje ngeke isebenze. Ukongeza mhlophe naziiperile, ezi izibane nga kukhupha ezinye imibala: eluhlaza, ebomvu, eluhlaza, oluhlaza, eyingozi. Ukhetho Umbala luxhomekeke kwinjongo kunye nesicelo.

izibane halogen

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, awusetyenziswa olunye uhlobo kwezibane ephelisa amandla kabini ngaphantsi kwe langaphambili. Ezi izibane kuba amandla udidi kakuhle. Oku ezonga halogen ukukhanya ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ekubeni imilinganiso yalo compact zezona ukuze zisetyenziswe izixhobo zokukhanyisa ezifana izibane floor, izibane eludongeni, izibane ayifulele i bubble engaqhelekanga, kuba kufikile ukukhanya zokuhombisa eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. Ngokugcwalisa loo bulb isibane, umxube wegesi ekhethekileyo bromine okanye iodine umphunga. Xa uqhagamshele olu cingwana network (Tungsten ezijikeleze) itshiswa kwaye anike chweba. Kuneebhalbhu eziqhelekileyo zombane, apha Tungsten xa itshiswa akuthethi ezilalisa iindonga iselwa, yaye mayifundwe kunye igesi inika chweba mhlophe elide, ukuya kutsho kwiiyure 4000. izibane ezinjalo ihlaba yelanga eyingozi, nto leyo yingozi kakhulu emehlweni. Ngoko ke, iibhalbhu ezikumgangatho ophezulu abe ukutyabeka ekhethekileyo zokhuselo. Ecingela kakhulu kwamandla amathontsi ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukuze aphumelele.

izibane Energy okonga

Okuzenza namandla ngokufanelekileyo ukukhanya umthombo namhlanje ngabo kubo sebenzisa ukusebenza izihlandlo ezimbalwa namandla, ngoxa kuncitshiswa amandla eyenziwe kwemali. Ezifana izibane ezonga umbane ziyilelwe zokuhlala kunye ofisi. Ba enemisebenzi futhi ungasetyenziswa izixhobo zokukhanyisa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Iimpawu ze olu hlobo ibhalbhu: ukusetyenziswa Amandla izihlandlo eziliqela ngaphantsi kwe ibhalbhu ezingqengezelayo, lokugqibela ukuya amaxesha 10 elide, ubushushu, akukho yokudanyaza, akukho Buzz, womelele ngokwaneleyo kwaye aliqulathanga izakhi ezinobungozi.

Phakathi ukushiyeka zingahlukaniswa: zokufudumeza kade (ukuya kwimizuzu emi-2), esebenza xa amaqondo obushushu izidanga alithe gangqa 15. Abakwazi ingasetyenziswa ngaphandle luminaires ezivulekileyo.

Eyona engundoqo eziluncedo ze LED

Kodwa enye inzuzo ngokwemiqathango ogcino lwamandla LED kuthathwa okanye LED-isibane. In IsiNgesi le LED - emittingdiode ukukhanya -. «Diode ukukhanya-esikhupha" Imveliso Ukukhanya kwezi izibane 60-100 lm / W, kwaye umyinge nobomi yi-30 000-50 000 iiyure. Kule izibane zokukhanyisa yanamhlanje elolu hlobo azikho shushu kwaye ngokupheleleyo ekhuselekileyo ukuyisebenzisa. Kaloku, ukuba elinye iibhalbhu iphelelwe, oku akusayi kuchaphazela umsebenzi yonke indlela, oko kuya kuqhubeka ukusebenza.
lobushushu Umbala ngaka ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka emthubi soft ukupholisa emhlophe. Ukhetho Umbala kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwale ndawo kunye nokukhethwa yomnini. Umzekelo, i-ofisi kungcono ukukhetha emhlophe eqaqambileyo ngophawu lwe 6400K, ukukhanya ezifanelekileyo zendalo, ayikho nje ndlongo, 4200K ukuba igumbi umntwana, njengoko kakuhle lokulala - Tint encinane etyheli, 2700K.

Masakhane plus: abanayo luncedo engundoqo izibane ezibengezelayo: buzz kunye yokudanyaza, kwaye amehlo nalo ukhanyiso ukhululekile kakhulu. ukuba zisebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo 220 W kwaye ifakwe umngxuma standard E27 kunye E14.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-LED ekhaya

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ezilishumi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo akazange nokuba ikhona into efana LED wezibane ukuba ikhaya. Indlela ukukhetha uze ufake kubo, ndikwazi ukufundisa ngaphandle ukuba ukulungisa iimoto - ngenxa yokuba ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu kwidashboard emotweni kunye nokukhanya. Namhlanje, ukuxhatshazwa kwikhaya labo sele uyazi ukuba asithanga senze bacinge malunga nokukhetha phakathi LED-izibane kunye nezibane ezelwe-isimbo, ngoko asithandabuzi, kungekhona esivumelana yokugqibela. Evelele: LED wezibane ngoku - rhoqo, ngoko iindleko ubushushu sakugcina. Ngenxa yoko, musa shushu kwaye njengoko isibane emini, unako ukukhonza iminyaka emininzi. Nkqu nangona iindleko zabo eziphakamileyo, zibe luncedo ukuyisebenzisa. Xa eneji ngaphantsi, ezi izibane nga kunceda ukwehlisa isixa sentlawulo yenyanga umbane. Hi ndlela leyi, ngokukhetha ibhalbhu LED ekhaya, kufuneka athathe ingqalelo lo mahluko ngamandla. Kukho enye mfihlakalo. Kufuneka wazi amandla ndiyaphela kokulumeka isibane, injongo jikelele, kwaye ulahlule 8. Umzekelo, xa utshintsha isibane eqhelekileyo watts 100, ngoko 100: 8 = 12.5. Ngoko ke kufuneka LED amandla isibane Watts 12.

Enye ingxenye ebaluleke kangako - imidlalo ukukhanya olunjalo lobushushu ezahlukeneyo. Ukusuka kule nani kuxhomekeke kwindlela Izibane ekhululekile uya kumnika LED izibane isibane kweli gumbi. Of shades okhoyo ukukhanya Elimhlophe umbala kahle kule uluhlu 2600-3200 K kunye 3700-4200 K. Le ukukhanya ethambileyo, eyona kufutshane kwelanga zendalo elikholekileyo emehlweni. Ukuze ukubonisa 6000 inika nombala emhlophe kuhle kakhulu, yaye ngaphantsi kwama-2600 K - xi emthubi. eziyingozi Ezi abangasekhoyo ukuba iliso, umntu eziva ediniwe ngokukhawuleza, usenokuba yintloko kunye nombono kahle. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bathenge izibane kuphela LED ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngenxa ekhaya. Indlela ukukhetha, xelela umcebisi evenkileni, kwakunye nokunika zonke iziqinisekiso mfanelo edingekayo.

Njengalo okanye hayi, kwaye isibane iLED kuluncedo ngeendlela ezininzi.

- kubadle izihlandlo eziliqela umbane ngaphantsi.

- In ukusebenza, akukho shushu, sivumele ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nezinto ezinokutsha, umz, kwi wophahla, isilingi umisiwe. Inani elikhulu kwezi kwezibane akuthethi shushu ngokugqithisileyo umoya kwelo gumbi.

- Aba iibhalbhu ndingatshiseki, Ulahlekwe ekugqibeleni kuphela ukukhanya ukuba malunga nama-30%.

- ubomi inkonzo Long ukuya kwiminyaka eli-15.

Ngoko ukuba umbono Ziziphi iindidi kwezibane abamaziyo iimpawu eziphambili zabo, ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, unako ngokukhuselekileyo ukuya evenkileni elikufutshane. Kodwa ke kukho enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo, ngaphandle nkqu ukutshintshwa elula ebhalbhu iya kuninqabela. Ngapha koko, ukuba pick up isibane kwisixhobo izibane, kufuneka wazi ukuba uhlobo kwisokethi yayo. Esebenzisa cap isibane nto zibambene nayo le iCartridge kwaye kuthatha ngoku zombane isibane.

Sithathe nezisekelo echanekileyo

Kuba nokuveliswa cap usebenzisa yesinyithi okanye ngodongwe. A zibekwe ngaphakathi abafowunelwa ezithumela yangoku yombane ukuya izinto zokusebenza ifowuni. iyunithi umbani nganye lixhotyiswe neekhatriji enye okanye ngaphezulu for obandayo izibane. Kubalulekile ukuba isiciko isibane iCartridge umdlalo ezifunyenweyo. Kungenjalo akuyi kusebenza.

Nakuba iintlobo ngeentlobo kwezibane iminqwazi kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla badla ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini: azinamsonto kunye ne-pin.

socket threaded ukwabizwa ngokuba iqhosha lemenyu. Isihloko adlulisele kakuhle indlela uqhagamshelo kwayo iCartridge kwefowuni izibane. It kwiglasana ebethelelwa zibe nebhalbhu zokukhanyisa, elikulomsonto lisetyenziswa kumphezulu wayo. Kusetyenziselwa ukumakisha unobumba E. Olu hlobo lusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezininzi izibane zasendlini. iminqwazi ezinjalo ziyahluka ubukhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuqala chap, emva kokuba incwadi Latin E ibonisa ukuba umenzi kufuneka sangqa udibaniso azinamsonto. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla ukusebenzisa ubungakanani ezimbini iziseko rhoqo - E14 kunye E27. Kodwa kukwakho ibhalbhu enamandla kakhulu, umzekelo, ngokuba izibane ezitalatweni. Basebenzisa umngxuma E40. Ubungakanani unxulumano yangaphakathi ayitshintshanga iminyaka engamashumi amaninzi. Nangoku, ungenza ngokulula indawo ibhalbhu ilayite eqhelekileyo wayitshisa ngokubambisana chandelier endala ukuya, diode ukukhanya-esikhupha nenoqoqosho ngakumbi. Imilinganiselo cap kunye iCartridge angqinelane ngqo. Kodwa eUnited States naseKhanada yamkelwa nezinye iparameters. Ekubeni ombane yi 110V kubo, ukwenzela ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa European-style izibane sangqa le chap yahlukile: E12, E17, E26 kunye E39.

Olunye uhlobo iminqwazi ezisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, le phina. Umnini kokuba limiselwe izikhonkwane zentsimbi. Bakhonza nabo ezithumela umbane ukuze ibhalbhu ilayite. Nezikhonkwane zahlukile ububanzi yaye umgama phakathi kwabo. Zokumakisha ukusetyenziswa ileta Latin G, kulandele imiqondiso lwedijithali umsantsa phakathi izikhonkwane. Le socket G4, le G9 kunye g13.

Ngoku ngokukhuselekileyo ukuqhubeka ukuyilungisa. Kwaye ke ezinjenge okanye ukwakhiwa kweendonga ezintsha kunokwenziwa kuphela iingcali, kodwa ukhetho kunye nokutshintshwa sezibane uyakwazi ukumelana wena kakuhle.