IVangeli likaYohane: ukuchazwa kwombhalo wamandulo

IVangeli likaYohane yenye yeendaba ezine zeendaba ezilungileyo zobuKristu ezifakwe kwi-Canon yeZibhalo ezingcwele. Kuyaziwa ukuba akukho nanye kwezi ncwadi eziye zabonakalisa ukubhala, kodwa ngokwenko kukholwa ukuba yonke iVangeli ibhaliwe ngabafundi abane bakaKristu-abapostile. Ngokutsho kobhishophu kaBhishophu u-Irenaeus waseLyons, uPolycrat othile owayesazi uYohane, wathi unobhali bezinye iinguqulelo ze "Iindaba Ezilungileyo." Indawo yeliVangeli kwiingcamango zenkolo kunye nezobulolu hlobo iyingqayizivele, kuba loo mbhalo ayikho kuphela kwaye ayikho inkcazo yobomi kunye neziyalezo zikaYesu Kristu njengengxoxo yeengxoxo zakhe nabafundi. Akumangalisi ukuba abaninzi abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba le ngxelo ngokwayo yayenziwe phantsi kweempembelelo zeGnosticism, kwaye phakathi kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yizikhohlisi kunye nemigudu engapheliyo yayithandwa kakhulu.

Ukutolika kweVangeli likaYohane kwixesha lokuqala

UbuKristu ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu lesine kwakungekho yindoda engummangaliso, kunoko, imfundiso engaziwayo ngaphambi kwehlabathi lamaGrike. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuba iVangeli likaYohane yayingumxholo owawuthatyathwa ngokuthe ngqondweni ngabafundi bexesha elide, njengoko beboleke iindidi zefilosofi. Esi sibhalo sinomdla kakhulu ekuchazeni ubudlelwane phakathi komoya nomcimbi, okulungileyo nokubi, uxolo kunye noThixo. Akusiyo into yokuba intshumayelo evula iVangeli kaYohane ithetha nge-okuthiwa i-Logos. "UThixo unguLizwi," umbhali weZibhalo uthi (iVangeli likaYohane: 1.1). Kodwa i-Logos yenye yezona zixhobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zefilosofi yasendulo. Omnye ufumana ingcamango yokuba umbhali wenene wayengumYuda, kodwa ungumGrike owayenemfundo ephambili.

Umbuzo weNgxoxo

Okumangalisa kakhulu ukuqala kweVangeli likaYohane-okubizwa ngokuba yi-prologue, oko kukuthi, izahluko 1 ukuya ku-18. Ukuqonda nokutolika eli ngxelo kwithuba liba yinto yokukhubekisa ngaphakathi kobuKristu be-Orthodox, ngokusekelwe kuyo izizathu zokubangela iimbono zezobuqu zokudalwa kwehlabathi kunye ne-adicy. Ngokomzekelo, thabatha ibinzana elidumileyo, eliguqulelwe ngentsingiselo yesi-synodal ibonakala ngathi "Yonke into yaqala ukuvela kuye (oko kukuthi, uThixo), kwaye ngaphandle kwayo akukho nto eyenzekiweyo eye yavela" (Jn: 1,3). Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhangeleka kwisiGrike sasekuqaleni, kukho ukuba kukho imibhalo yesibini yamandulo yale Vangeli kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhala. Kwaye ukuba omnye wabo uqinisekisa inguqulo ye-orthodox yokuguqulela, ngoko ke okwesibini iyavakala ngathi: "Yonke into eyaqala kuye, kwaye ngaphandle kwakhe akukho nto yavela." Ngaphezu koko, zombini iindidi ezazisetyenziselwa icawa zobawo ngexesha lobuKristu, kodwa kamva kwaba yinguqulo yokuqala eyangena kwicawa njengokuba "inyaniso".

Gnostics

Le vangeli yesine yayithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaphikisanayo beemfundiso zobuKristu zobuKristu, ababizwa ngokuba ngabaphikisayo. Ngezihlandlo zobuKristu bokuqala, babehlala beGnostics. Baye baphika umzimba kaKristu, ngoko ke iindinyana ezininzi ezivela kwisicatshulwa seVangeli, zilungelelanisa ngokomoya ngokomoya, zifanelwe ukuba zithande. KwiGnosticism, uThixo, "ophezulu ngaphezu kwehlabathi", udla ngokungafaniyo, noMdali wokungafezeki kwethu. Kwaye iVangeli likaYohane linika isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba ulawulo lobubi ebomini bethu aluveli kuBawo waseZulwini. Idla ngokuthetha ngokuchasene noThixo kunye nehlabathi. Akumangalisi ukuba omnye wabaguquleli bokuqala beli Vangeli wayengomnye wabafundi be-gnostic Valentine-Herakleion. Ukongezelela, phakathi kwabachasi be-orthodoxy, i-apocrypha yabo yayithandwa. Phakathi kwabo kwakuthiwa "Imibuzo KaYohane", echaza kumagama afihlakeleyo uKristu awaxelela umfundi wakhe othandekayo.

"U-Origen"

Ngoko ibizwa ngokuba yimibono yesazi-mfundiso yasendulo kwiVangeli likaJohn French umphandi uHenri Cruzel. Ngomsebenzi wakhe, u-Origen ugxeka indlela yeGnostic kwisicatshulwa, ngelixa ecaphula ngokubanzi umchasi wakhe. Lo ngumsebenzi ojikelezayo apho isazi semfundiso yobuGrike esiyaziwayo, ngakwesinye icala, sichasa ukutolika okungapheliyo, kwaye ngakwelinye icala yena ngokwakhe ubeka phambili izinto ezininzi, kuquka ezo zihambelana nobume bukaKristu (umzekelo, ukholelwa ukuba umntu kufuneka athathe isuka kwisimo sakhe kwisithunywa sezulu) Yayiphi na eyabonwa ngathi yindela. Ngokukodwa, usebenzisa iinguqulelo zokuguqulela i-Ying: 1,3, ebonwa kamva njengento engathintekiyo.

Ukutolika kweVangeli likaJohn Chrysostom

U-Orthodoxy uyaziqhayisa ngesichazi sakhe esidumileyo seZibhalo. Bafanele uJohn Chrysostom. Ukuchazwa kwakhe kweli vangeli kuya kumsebenzi omkhulu ekuchazeni iZibhalo, ngokuqala ngeTestamente Elidala. Ubonisa i-erudition enkulu, ezama ukutyhila intsingiselo yegama ngalinye nesigwebo. Ukutolika kwakhe kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye ijoliswe kumelene naba-Orthodoxy. Ngokomzekelo, inguqulelo engentla apha yeYing: .1,3 UJohn Chrysostom ekugqibeleni uyazibona njengecawa, nangona ngaphambi kokuba athabathe abaBawo abahloniphekileyo beCawa, ngakumbi uClement waseAlexandria.

Xa iVangeli iguqulelwe ngombono wezopolitiko

Oku kunokumangalisa, kodwa ukuchazwa kweZibhalo kwaye kwasetyenziswa ukuchasana nokunyanzeliswa kwabantu, ukubhujiswa kwabantu abangafunekiyo nokuzingela abantu. Le nkcazo ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwimbali yeCawa yamaRoma Katolika. Ngexesha lokubunjwa kwe-Inquisition, iSahluko 15 seVangeli likaYohane sasetyenziswe ngabafundi bezenkolo ukuba bavakalise ukutshiswa kwezonyango kwisibonda. Ukuba sifunda imigca yeZibhalo, zisinika umzekeliso weNkosi ngomdiliya, kunye nabafundi bakhe ngamasebe. Ngoku, xa ufunda iVangeli likaYohane (isahluko se-15, ivesi 6), unokufumana amagama malunga noko ufanele uyenze nalabo abangahlali eNkosini. Bona, njengamagatsha, anqunyulwa, aqokelelwe aphonswe emlilweni. Lo mzekeliso wamagqwetha aphakathi kowomthetho we- canon wakwazi ukutolika ngokwenene, ngaloo ndlela unike "okuhle" ekuhlaselweni ngonya. Nangona intsingiselo yeVangeli kaYohane iphikisana ngokupheleleyo nale ngcaciso.

Abaphikisi bexesha eliphakathi kunye nokutolika kwabo

Ngethuba lokulawula kweCawa yamaRoma Katolika, wayechasene Ababizwa ngokuba ngabakhohlisi. Izazi-mlando zehlabathi zanamhlanje zikholelwa ukuba aba bantu babezimeko ezahlukileyo "kwiimfundiso ezivela phezulu" zamagunya okomoya. Ngamanye amaxesha bahlelwe kwiindawo ezizibiza ngokuba ngamabandla. Abaphikisayo kakhulu abachasene namaKatolika kulo mbandela babeyiCathars. Abazange babe nezobufundisi kunye nolawulo lwabo kuphela, kodwa kunye nezobugcisa. Isibhalo sabo esiyintandokazi yiVangeli likaYohane. Bayiguqulela kwiilwimi zesizwe zala mazwe apho baxhaswa ngabantu. Ulwimi olusetyenziswe ngolwimi lwase-Occitan lusifikile. Ngaloo nto, babambelela kuloo nguqulelo lweenguqulelo zeProlog, elalikhunjulwe yicawa yegosa, becinga ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kulungele ukuvela komthombo ongendawo ophikisana noThixo. Ukongeza, ukutolika eso sahluko 15, bagxininisekisa ukuzaliseka kwemithetho nobomi obungcwele, kungekhona ukugcinwa kwemfundiso. Lowo olandela uKristu ufanelwe ukubizwa ngokuba ngumhlobo wakhe-isigqibo esinjalo esivela kwiVangeli likaYohane. Iintetho zeenguqu ezahlukeneyo zetekisi zeZibhalo zifundisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zibonisa ukuba nayiphi na intsingiselo yeBhayibhile inokusetyenziswa kokubili ukuze inzuzo yomntu ibe yenzakalise.