Ityala kunye Imposiso: ubuhle nobubi

Abantu kwakuvela eziliqela kwiminyaka engamawaka eyadlulayo. Ekwenzekeni oko konke eli xesha rhoqo ivela njenge. Izizathu zoku ebesoloko lukhulu, kodwa ngaphandle bubulumko yomntu yinto engenakwenzeka. Ityala kunye imposiso ibe kwaye kungoku enye engundoqo.

Inkcazelo ngendlela

kubhalwe ngokucacileyo kwikholam amaxwebhu embali yale ndlela lincinane. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, oko kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

Ityala kunye imposiso - indlela apho isisombululo kuyafikelelwa owabizwayo iinketho logama nje isiphumo singesiso owayeza kuba (umzekelo, ngezibalo) okanye eyamkelekileyo (kwi ukuziqambela iindlela ezintsha science).

Uluntu ebesoloko gqitha yile ndlela. Lwaba leminyaka eyadlulayo, iisayikholojisti baye bazama ukufumana eqhelekileyo phakathi kwabantu abaye basebenzisa le ndlela kwingqiqo. Baza baphumelela. Umntu ufuna impendulo umngeni, kunyanzeleka ukuba ukhethe iinketho uvavanyo ujonge isiphumo. It ihlala nje kungekho mbono iza ngalo mba. Le experimenter uya kwinqanaba entsha yokucinga kulo mbandela.

Indlela kwimbali yehlabathi

Omnye wabantu abaninzi abadumileyo owasebenzisa le ndlela Edison. Wonke umntu uyazi imbali ibhalbhu yakhe njengeyabo. Yena azamile de ngoko, oku akukenzeki. Kodwa Edison lugqibelele le ndlela. Xa sifuna izisombululo, yena nabo msebenzi phakathi kwabantu owayesebenza naye. Ngako oko, umbandela ukufumana okuninzi kwi zaziguqulelwe ngumntu omnye. Kwaye ngenxa kwetyala kunye yempazamo data yaba yimpumelelo enkulu kakhulu kwimisebenzi Edison yakhe. Ngenxa lo ebengenguye amaziko ophando, ezisetyenziswa, ngokukodwa, kwaye le ndlela.

degree of nobunzima

Kule ndlela, kukho amanqanaba eziliqela obunzima. zaye ke Zahlula ukuba ukufunxeka ngcono. Umsebenzi kwinqanaba lokuqala uthathwa ukuba ibe lula, kanye Ukufuna isisombululo yayo wasebenzisa amandla ethile. Kodwa ke iimpendulo yena hayi kangako. Ngenxa yokwanda degree of ukunyuka ubunzima kunye nokuphelela lo msebenzi. Ityala kunye Imposiso Class 5 - kakhulu amalahle ixesha elide nelityayo ixesha.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba amazinga zintsonkothe kunye nokwandisa isixa ulwazi yababephethwe umntu. siqonde ukuba yintoni na busemngciphekweni ukuba ngcono, cinga indlela. Amanqanaba yokuqala neyesibini kuvumela nabasunguli ukuphucula kuyo. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela zintsonkothe udale i imveliso entsha ngokupheleleyo.

Umzekelo, ityala xa abantu abatsha umxholo kwithesisi wathabatha iingxaki amalahle yeNavigeyishini lomoya. Abafundi abazange babe nolwazi olufanayo izazinzulu ezininzi abasebenze kule ndawo, kodwa ngenxa uluhlu olubanzi lolwazi abantwana baye ukufumana impendulo. Yaye indawo izisombululo kwakunjalo kude kwishishini confectionery yezenzululwazi. Kubonakala ngathi le nto ayinakwenzeka; kodwa ke kuyinyani. Abantu abatsha zazide likhuphe isiqinisekiso copyright ngenxa yabo entsha.

ubuhle be indlela

Uncedo wokuqala kufanele kuqwalaselwe ngobuchule. ngamava abuhlungu, ingxaki iyatyhilwa ukuvumela ukuba usebenzise zombini zifaka yobuchopho ukufuna iimpendulo.

Kufuneka unikeze umzekelo yokwakha njani iphenyane. Izinto ezembiwayo zibonisa njani ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, ngeenyama zalo utshintsha imilo. Abaphandi njalo ukuzama into entsha. Ukuba isikhephe yazika, ngoko bahlaba le fomu ukuba abaseleyo iflowuthi, ngoko phawula oku. Ngenxa yoko, isisombululo bahlangabezane kwafunyanwa ekugqibeleni.

Ukuba iseti umsebenzi Akukho nzima kakhulu, le ndlela kuthatha ixesha elincinane. Ezinye iingxaki asakhulayo kunokuba lunee ezilishumi, omnye okanye emibini apho echanekileyo. Kodwa xa siqwalasela, umzekelo, weerobhoti, kule meko ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela uphando tsala amashumi eminyaka kwaye iya kuzisa izigidi ongazikhetha.

Icandelo lemisebenzi kumanqanaba ezininzi ukuvavanya indlela ngokukhawuleza kwaye bakwazi ukumela uphendlo isicombululo. Oku kunciphisa ixesha ukuba ibenguye othabatha isigqibo. Kwaye indlela kwetyala kunye zolahlekiso ingasetyenziswa ngaxeshanye kunye namanye imisebenzi kutyelela.

ukulinganiselwa

Ngophuhliso yobugcisa kunye nenzululwazi, le ndlela waqala ukuphelelwa kwayo.

Kwezinye iindawo ezingenangqondo nje ukudala amawaka iisampuli, ukutshintsha element omnye. Kaninzi ngoku ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezisekelwe kulwazi ezithile. Ukuze oku wafunda uhlobo lwezinto, impefumlelwano eziqalelo kunye nabanye. Steel kusetyenziswa izibalo kunye nezifundo zenzululwazi, uhlolisiso nezinto namava elidlulileyo.

Ityala kunye Lemposiso sebenzisa enkulu emsebenzini. Kodwa ukwakha imoto ngendlela sele kubonakala osileyo ayoyakho awungeni ndawo. Ngoko ke, kule meko ikhoyo impucuko, kuyimfuneko zenzululwazi kanye ukuba inxalenye ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela kakhulu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa kuqwalaselwa indlela le ngxaki ukuchaza izinto ezininzi ezincinane kakhulu yaye akazange athathe ingqalelo izinto ezibalulekileyo a priori. Umzekelo, ukuba Umsunguli penicillin (zintsholongwane) bathi kunye nenqubo eyiyo nga ceba unyango iminyaka engamashumi amabini phambi kwakhe. Oku kuya kuba negalelo usindiso ubomi abaninzi.

Xa iingxaki ezinzima baqhele ukuba babe kwimeko apho umbuzo ngokwayo kwindawo enye kubungcaphephe, impahla kunye nesisombululo yayo - ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo.

Akusoloko abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba impendulo iya kufunyanwa konke konke.

Umbhali indlela ngamava abuhlungu

Ngqo owasungula le ndlela lwazi, zange sazi. Okunye ngqo, siyazi ukuba oku ngokucacileyo umntu onakho ukuba ngubani onokuthi okhokelwa umnqweno ukuphucula ubomi babo.

Kumaxesha amandulo, abantu baye kakhulu kwacutheka kwizinto ezininzi. It qulunqa yonke into ngale ndlela. Kwakungekho naluphi na ulwazi olusisiseko physics, imathematika, imichiza, kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi ebalulekileyo. Ngoko ke kwafuneka enze nokuba kunini na. Kanye babesomba umlilo ukuze azikhusele kumarhamncwa, ukupheka kunye emakhaya. Izixhobo ukunika ukutya, izikhephe - intshukumo phezu kwemilambo. Kuye kwavela Nakuphi yabantu nzima. Kodwa lonke ixesha ingxaki solvable kwakhokelela umgangatho ongcono wokuphila.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba abaphengululi abaninzi baye basebenzisa le ndlela kwiincwadi zakhe.

Noko ke, inkcazo yendlela nokusetyenziswa esebenzayo sibona Thorndike komzimba ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.

ucwaningo Thorndike

Umzekelo indlela kwetyala kunye zolahlekiso ingqalelo kwimisebenzi lwezenzululwazi olufanelekileyo sisazinzulu-komzimba. Wadlala imifuniselo eyahlukeneyo yokuziphatha kunye nezilwanyana, ngokuzibeka zibe kwiibhokisi ezizodwa.

Enye yemifuniselo bakhangela malunga ngolu hlobo. Ikati ibekwe kwibhokisi, ufuna indlela yokuphuma. Le bhokisi ngokwayo unokuba ukhetho lokuvula 1: kwafuneka nqakraza kwi ngasemthonjeni - kwaye umnyango wavuleka. Esi silwanyana ezisetyenziselwa izinto ezininzi (ekuthiwa-iisampulu), kwaye uninzi lwazo yajika akuphumelelanga. Ikati kunye wahlala kwibhokisi. Kodwa emva ezithile iqela leenketho isilwanyana yakwazi ucofe emthonjeni uze uphume bhokisi. Ngenxa yoko, le kati ukuba ungene kwibhokisi, kunye sicatshulwa ngemizekelo ixesha nonqaya. Kwaye ukhetha esuka kwibhokisi ngexesha elifutshane.

Thorndike wabonisa ukuba indlela luyasebenza, yaye nangona isiphumo singesiso yomgama, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuphindaphindwa yezenzo ezifanayo, isigqibo uza phantse ngephanyazo.

Ukusombulula iingxaki ngokwenza amaphutha

Imizekelo yale nkqubo emininzi kakhulu, kodwa kufuneka kukunika enye umdla kakhulu.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwakuhlala umyili adumileyo iinjini-moya Mikulin. Ngelo xesha, kwakukho isixa omkhulu iingozi emoyeni ngenxa magneto, okt yintlantsi emva kwexesha moya yanyamalala. Kukho imifuniselo ezininzi intelekelelo malunga unobangela, kodwa impendulo beza kwimeko engalindelekanga.

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich wadibana nendoda esesitalatweni ngeliso omnyama. Lo mzuzu iye kufika kuye, nokuqonda ukuba umntu ngaphandle iliso omnye ubona mbi kakhulu. Yena wabe eyathi kunye wendiza Utochkin. Xa ifakwe kwi-moya lowo magneto yesibini kakhulu lehlile inani nezinobuzaza. Ke kaloku, akubon Utochkin ahlawulwa emva flight umboniso ngalinye mivuzo kwemali Mikulina.

Ukusetyenziswa indlela kwimathematika

Lidla kwetyala kunye indlela impazamo kwimathematika kusetyenziswa ezikolweni njengendlela yokuphuhlisa ukucinga iinketho ekuhloleni isantya sokukhangela. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukuphucula amava okufunda kwaye wenze iziqalelo umdlalo.

Ngaba kusoloko afumaneka kwiincwadi imisebenzi ngamazwi "Sombulula inxaki ngamava abuhlungu." Kule meko kuyimfuneko ukukhetha iinketho impendulo. Xa wafumana impendulo echanekileyo, yena kanye wazibonakalisa phantse, oko kukuthi, kwenziwe izibalo eziyimfuneko. Ngenxa yoko, nathi ukuqinisekisa ukuba le impendulo echanekileyo kuphela.

Umzekelo ingxaki practical

kwetyala kunye imposiso indlela kwibakala kwimathematika 5 (kwi iintlelo yokugqibela) ngokufuthi livela. Nanku umzekelo.

Uya kucelwa apho zingabekwa khona uxande. Ngaphandle kokuba le ndawo (S) = 32 cm, kwaye iperimitha (P) = 24 cm.

Isisombululo sale ngxaki: ndithelekelela okokuba ubude kwicala elinye 4. Ngoko ke ubude elinye icala elifanayo.

Sifumana le equation ilandelayo:

24 - 4 - 4 = 16

16 umahlule ngo 2 = 8

8 cm - ububanzi.

Thina khangela square ifomula. S = A * B = 8 * 4 = 32 cm. Njengoko ubona, isigqibo ichanekile. Ungabala ongaphandle kwebala. Xa ukubala, oku kulandelayo ubalo p = 2 * (A + B) = 2 * (4 + 8) = 24.

Kwimathematika, indlela kwetyala kunye Lemposiso akusoloko elikhulu ukufumana izisombululo. Ngokufuthi, ungasebenzisa ngendlela efanelekileyo ngakumbi, kwangaxeshanye kuthatha ixesha ngaphantsi. Kodwa uphuhliso yokucinga, le ndlela ifumaneka kwi yokugcina yonke notitshala.

Theory of evelele ukusombulula iingxaki

Indlela TRIZ kwetyala kunye isiphoso ingqalelo omnye kakhulu oluf. Xa umntu ingena nemeko enzima engaqhelekanga kuye, isenzo nakanjanina, kusenokwenzeka ukuba abe nampumelelo. Uyakwazi ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kwaye ngenxa yoko akazange aphumelele. Theory of Ingxaki lokuqamba zokusombulula esekelwe imithetho eyaziwayo, yaye ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ezinye iindlela kwingqiqo. TRIZ isoloko isetyenziswa kwimfundo yabantwana, ukwenza inkqubo fun and umdla umntwana.

iziphumo

Akuba ingqalelo le ndlela, ngokuzithemba sinokuthi ukuba kakhulu umdla. Nangona amaphutha ayo, ukuba isoloko isetyenziswa ekucombululeni iingxaki ngobuchule.

Noko ke, loo nto ayisoloko ukuveza iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo. Ungaze umphandi ayiyazi nini ukuba ayeke ufuna okanye kunokuba kuhle ukwenza isibini kweenzame yenziwe enkulu ezelwe. Kwakhona akukacaci ixesha kuya wachitha.

Ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa le ndlela ukusombulula ingxaki, kufuneka uqonde ukuba ngamanye amaxesha impendulo ibe kwindawo engalindelekanga ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ikuvumela ukuba ukujonga uphendlo ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Kusenokufuneka uzibhala phantsi ezimbalwa ukwahluka elinesibini, yaye mhlawumbi amawaka. Kodwa ekunyamezeleni kuphela nenkolelo impumelelo kuya kukhokelela kwisiphumo oyifunayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha le ndlela isetyenziswa njenge ngaphezulu. Umzekelo, kwi isanda ukunciphisa uphendlo. Okanye xa uphononongo lwaqhutywa ngeendlela ezininzi uze ngxi. Kulo mzekelo, icandelo ezinobuchule indlela ivumela ukufumana isisombululo ilahle le ngxaki.

Ityala kunye Imposiso isoloko isetyenziswa ekufundiseni. It ivumela abantwana malunga namava abo ukufumana izisombululo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Isifundisa ukuba ngentloko zokuziphatha ezichanekileyo ukuba yamkelwe kuluntu.

Amagcisa usebenzisa le ndlela wokufuna iphefumlelwe.

kufuneka zihlolwe indlela kubomi bemihla ngemihla xa zokusombulula iingxaki. Mhlawumbi ezinye izinto ziya kubonakala kuni ngendlela eyahlukileyo.