Isitofu sokugonya "Menaktra": imiyalelo, iinkcazelo kunye nohlolo

Isitofu sokugonya "Menaktra" - isizukulwana esitsha iziyobisi. Little yaziwa njenge (malunga-10 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo), inkampani ngokwentelekiso ntsha US Sanofi Pasteur. Ichiza sele iwupasisile uthotho lweemvavanyo kwaye yahluke kakhulu kwiimveliso ezifanayo. Kuye eziliqela iintsholongwane zinefuthe ukuyilwa omzimba Ipharamitha eziphilayo ngokuchasene kukuvela meningitis ubuthi igazi okubangelwa meningococcus.

isakhiwo

Isitofu sokugonya "Menaktra" ilumkisa kwezifo eziliqela, nto leyo echaphazela yimbonakalo meningococcus serogroup ethile. Kuyinto isisombululo Akukacaci kancinane ezicacileyo zolawulo intramuscular.

Enye iidosi malunga 0.5 ml, iquka amacandelo esebenzayo ezifana conjugates monovalent meningococcal ezinama indibanisela kweentlobo ezithile serogroups polysaccharide (A, C, Y, W-135) kunye othwala protein. Wonke polysaccharide single conjugated ukuba ukubola komqala toxoid isitofu idosi ilingana no-48 mg.

izinto ezongezelelweyo kumafa echiza: phosphate, sodium chloride, sodium dihydrogenphosphate monohydrate kunye namanzi ezizodwa ngenaliti.

Amalungiselelo lupakishwa ezineengqayi iglasi equlethe ngexesha elinye-idosi - 0.5 ml. Ibhokisi isenokuba ezineengqayi omnye okanye emihlanu, kunye nemiyalelo yokusebenzisa.

Isitofu sokugonya yaye igcinwe kwiqondo lobushushu 2-8 ° C. Kufuneka ukuba emkhenkceni. Kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo kude ebantwaneni. Ukuba amayeza ngenxa yesizathu esithile sele emkhenkceni, kaloku abawuthobeli ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi.

Ubude bethuba lokusetyenziswa kwe ichiza kwiminyaka emibini ukususela kumhla yemveliso eshicilelweyo ekwibhokisi.

"Menaktru" uvelisa umenzi edumileyo wamachiza, "Sanofi Pasteur Inc.".

Isitofu sokugonya "Menaktra": inkcazelo isenzo imithi

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-arhente causative kwezifo meningococcal (umz meningitis) uba igciwane N. Meningitidis. Ichonge inani serotypes yeli qela iintsholongwane. Besebenzisa "Menaktra" lokugonya lukwakhuthaza imveliso omzimba athile ngqo nxamnye arhente causative sifo meningococcal. Isitofu sokugonya iqulethe abane serogroup ngu A, C, Y no W-135. Bonke afakwa umsebenzi okhethekileyo bactericidal.

Ulingo lwezonyango ejolise kweziphumo xa simisela "Menaktry" singàphunyezwa, ukususela ukhetho omzimba serum bactericidal (SBA) ngumphakamo ucikizeko lwezi zokugonya meningococcal.

kwizinga ngumzimba of ngayo abantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwi-10 iminyaka 11-55 abaneminyaka. Immunogenicity wayezimisele ngokwemigaqo zilindelekileyo zokusombulula ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo lomzimba, leyo zabonwa ngu kulingwa serum bactericidal. qela Abantu yobudala engama 2-10 ingqalelo omzimba ukuba ekuqulunqeni olunye sokugonya, kwaye emva kweentsuku 28. ukwanda titer zejometri intermediate zaye zachongwa (GMTs) omzimba bactericidal. Zonke iindidi serogroups ngo-86-100% yamatyala kwi ngesalathisi ekuqaleni titers ungabonakali yabhalwa ebantwini, kwachazwa ngokuthi chetrehkratnoe kunye nokonyuka titers lezibulala iintsuku ezingama-28 emva kogonyo.

umthamo Fixed "Menaktry" kuchaphazela memory ngumzimba emva kogonyo zaseprayimari abantwana kunye nabantu abadala.

Iziphumo zeemvavanyo abantu kwiminyaka 11-18 lubonise ukuba omzimba ukusa kwixesha elinye-lokusekwa lokugonya. Iimpawu SBA GMTs iintsuku-28 emva kogonyo ebengaphezulu kakhulu yokuqala. Ngowe-98-100% of abafikisayo, kunye ukungaqiniseki kwamanqanaba zokuqala lezibulala day 28 waboniswa cherehkratnoe ukwanda titre SBA kuzo zonke iintlobo serogroup B lokugonya. Ezi zibakala zibonisa immunogenicity eliphezulu amachiza iminyaka ethile.

Xa abadala kunye titers unalo ncam ngo-93-100% yamatyala abonisa ukwanda oluphindwe-ezine titer SBA kuzo zonke ezinye iintlobo serogroups pathogen kwi ekwakhiweni sokugonya. Kuzo zonke iimvavanyo, impendulo ngumzimba yaba elifanayo kungakhathaliseki isini, ubudala kunye nobuhlanga.

Akukho izikhombisi kwi kinetics yempendulo ekuqaleni ukuyilwa sokugonya, kodwa omzimba emva kweentsuku 7-10 emva kogonyo yarekhodwa.

Ubude ukhuseleko omzimba emva kokuba sichazelwe okokuqala ukuyilwa ugonyo ndizilingile kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi ilingana kwiminyaka emithathu emva ulawulo olulodwa.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela

Isitofu sokugonya "Menaktra" ilungiselelwe ukuthintela usulelo meningococcal. Ukuvela yokugqibela kuchaphazela igciwane N. Meningitidis ngeentlobo ezinjalo serogroups njengoko A, C, Y kunye W-135 abantu kwiqela lobudala ezahlukeneyo.

Izimo ekuyilweni zokugonya

"Menaktra" (isitofu) kufuneka ingasetyenziswa xa zobandlululo okanye izinto ezongezelelweyo esebenzayo kumafa yayo. Izifo Ban lokosulela and non-ezosulelayo uhlobo, kwakunye nangexesha exacerbations zezifo ezingapheliyo.

Idosi indlela nokugonywa

Ukulungiselela "Menaktra" (isitofu) ilawulwa intramuscularly icebisa sikhokelo, ekukhethwa ukuba kummandla izihlunu igxalaba deltoid. Abantwana ukuya kunyaka ichiza ilawulwa kwi esihlunwini ndawo ithanga, ekubeni kolu didi izigulane izihlunu igxalaba ngokwaneleyo. Ukuchumisa kwenziwa kube kanye kuphela xa kukho umthamo 0.5 ml.

Phambi ukuvela lokugonya kufuneka athobele imiqathango yokhuseleko ezithile, ezo ezijoliswe kuthintelo lweziqhamo ezingafunekiyo. It ihlaziya nobume bempilo yomntu, ukufumana phambi Izimo.

Ugonyo kuphela lokuqala kanye phantsi kolawulo lwayo. Igumbi unyango ngenxa ugonyo ezinjalo kufuneka axhotyiswe iziyobisi antishock ukuba unyango.

Kwezinye iimeko, emva kokuba ukuqaliswa isitofu mbaleko waphela. Abasebenzi bezempilo, ugonyo, kufuneka zilungele le miba kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuthintela ukwenzakala enxulumene kokuwa, ngokunjalo ukunikezela unyango kuyimfuneko.

Kukho amaxwebhu zonyango ezininzi ezibonakalisa indlela isitofu kufuneka isetyenziswe "Menaktra". Ishedyuli ugonyo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Iintsana abaneminyaka iinyanga 9-23, eli yeza efakwa ngokwamanqanaba amabini. Emva ugonyo lokuqala ukwenza ikhefu iinyanga ezintathu, uze wenze le yesibini.
• Abantwana iminyaka emibini, abafikisayo kunye nabantu abadala ichiza ilawulwa intramuscularly, kwaye kanye kuphela.

Ichiza inika ukhuseleko ngokuchasene nesifo meningococcal, esizibonakalisa emva kweentsuku ezilishumi ukususela kumhla gonyo. ngethamo lokomeleza kule meko unganikezelwanga.

Intsebenziswano kunye namanye amachiza

Medicine "Menaktra" (lokugonya live) linokwenziwa zidityaniswe kunye isitofu polysaccharide, ukwenzeka isilumkiso icesina. Kudityaniswe yesitofu adsorbed nxamnye tetanus ukubola komqala. Ukwabelana ugonyo ingacelwa kwi qela lobudala 11-17 kunye 18-55 iminyaka.

Awunako ukubeka zombini lokugonya "Menaktra" kunye BCG ugonyo.

Ukuba imithi emibini zenziwa ngexesha elinye, kufuneka kwenziwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Kuba Inaliti nganye usebenzisa isirinji eyahlukileyo.

Ukukhulelwa ne zisanyisa

Ngenxa izilingo olubanzi lwezonyango, kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba akukho isiphumo esibi ukukhulelwa kunye sokugonya umbungu 'Menaktra ". Inkcazelo ichiza, nangona kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise kulo xesha, ukuba amandla inzuzo ukuya unina zinkulu kakhulu umngcipheko sokuphuhlisa olungekazalwa. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyavumeleka ukuba sisifo meningococcal izinto ezinkulu, kunye ngobhubhani okanye utyelelo kwindawo ikho.

Fundanga isakhono izithako ezisebenzayo ze lokugonya ludlulele ubisi lwebele ukutya amabhinqa. Xa izilingo okuqala ezinjalo ugonyo antibodies polysaccharides ezifumaneka neempuku abaselula, apho nangoku ukondla unina. Le nto yaba nafuthe kuphuhliso inzala. izifundo ezifanayo abantu azikhange kuqhutywa.

Phambi kokuba agonye umfazi ngexesha zisanyisa, kufuneka ahlole ngenyameko imingcipheko kunye enokubakho inzuzo evela kogonyo.

Isitofu sokugonya "Menaktra": ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Emva kogonyo nalo eli chiza xa izigulane ezininzi bakhathazekile malunga nezinto onokuzenza ezahlukeneyo embi. Symptomatology yi zingafani ngokuxhomekeke yesazisi yobudala.

Ngenxa yoko, xa abantu ukususela kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwelishumi ziye eziphawulwe yi ngemfesane, induration, ukudumba kunye anozizi lommandla inaliti. Abantwana emva kogonyo zaye caphukisayo, kwakukho ukozela. Kwezinye iimeko, kukho ukudla, urhudo, ukugabha kunye nomkhuhlane. kids wakhathazeka ukungxama, kunye urticaria. Kwakukho ezibonisa eluhlobo arthralgia.

Elivisayo iminyaka 11-18 kunye abadala abaminyaka yobudala eyi-18-55, kwakukho intlungu induration kwintshayelelo gonyo. I uhlaselwa yintloko ebuhlungu, urhudo, ukugabha. Kwavela ukudinwa. Ukwehla imnyama. irhashalala, wabonakala arthralgia. Kwakukho nangecesina, oluthile jikelele, nomkhuhlane.

Kwakukho ezahlukeneyo hypersensitivity reaction. Guillain-Barre syndrome kwabonwa, ukulahleka kwenxalenye inkumbulo, ukuxhuzula, ukushwabana luvo yobuso, paresthesia, myelitis ezinqamlezayo, isiyezi, encephalomyelitis zasasazwa ekwimo etsolo, myalgia.

Meningococcal lokugonya "Menaktra" usulelo kunokubangela ezahlukahlukeneyo izifo, kodwa onobulali shwaka ingaphelanga iveki emva gonyo.

oyi

"Menaktra" meningitis lokugonya kuyacetyiswa ukuba abantu kwandisa amathuba yokosulelwa sisifo meningococcal ngayo. Aba ngabantu abaye baba zadibana ngqo nezigulane abosulelwe kunye meningococcus. Kufuneka wenze abantu sokugonya kunye properdin kwale nkqubo, yaye abe ngumphelelisi amacandelo. Isitofu a abemi ebalulekileyo kunye asplenia. Kwakhona ukubeka abantu babehamba kwiindawo hyperendemic, kunye nabasebenzi laboratory beqhuba uphononongo olwahlukahlukeneyo kwimiphumo igciwane N. Meningitidis rhoqo. Oogqirha Ndikucebisa sokugonya abafundi abahlala kweli yokulala, kunye conscripts.

Ichiza kufuneka abasayi kwenziwa yegazi, obuvakalayo okanye kwesikhumba. imiphumo data ezinjalo kufakelo kunokwenzeka akukho amayeza.

Ungaze ukudibanisa eli wamachiza isirinji elinye kunye nezinye iziyobisi.

Fundanga ifuthe gonyo kwizigulane kunye thrombocytopenia okanye abantu abaneengxaki ukopha. Kukho ingozi yokuba ukopha xa ezilawulwa intramuscularly. Kwimeko zokugonya yimveliso abantu abanjalo kufuneka ukuhlolisisa zonke iingozi ezinokubakho kunye nezibonelelo.

Ipateni efanayo yabonakala Guillain-Barré syndrome. Kwakukho amatyala ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo emva ulawulo lokugonya. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kobuso kogonyo, abaphethwe Guillain-Barre syndrome, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola ngenyameko yonke imingcipheko kunokwenzeka.

Ichiza akuthinteli meningitis osuswe kwezinye micro-izinto kunye neentsholongwane, ngokunjalo nezifo ezibangelwa usuleleko serogroup meningococcal B

Kubantu abanamajoni omzimba aba buthathaka kwaye nabo unyango immunosuppressive kudla kubekho omzimba ukuba ukuvela logonyo "Menaktra". A omzimba Ukuzikhusela be yenziwe ayizizo zonke izigulane ngokulinganayo kwi-100%.

Phambi kokuba paramedic gonyo ezayo okanye ugqirha kufuneka azise izigulane ngeengozi okanye inzuzo logonyo esiwusebenzisayo, kwakunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunokwenzeka.

Izimvo nokugonywa

Zibonisa imichiza ntumbuluko phezulu, oluzinzileyo kwaye igqiba ukhuseleko omzimba elide kunye multivalency "Menaktra" (sokugonya). Izimvo ngale Ukuchumisa becala HIV.

Oomama abaninzi ukubeka sokugonya kubantwana babo besebancinane, yaye kamva. Bathi ukuba ukunyamezeleka kakuhle kwaye kunqabile kubangela ngayo ezibi. Abanye abantwana kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kogonyo kwabonwa ukunyuka kweqondo lobushushu emzimbeni ukususela 37.2 ukuya 40 ° C. Ofunwa ucaphuka ngokugqithiseleyo, yehle onombilini. Oogqirha ukuphendula oomama yimincili ngalo esithi ukuba nanjengokwesimo, nokuba omzimba ukuba isitofu ngoko kufuneka kuyilwa. Ngethamsanqa, iziganeko ezinjalo zaba ixesha elifutshane, yaye unina ndandingasacingi kungekudala urhulumente zomntwana wabo.

Kwakhona, oogqirha bacetyiswa ukuba anike sokugonya, "Fenistil" okanye ezinye iziyobisi nxamnye komzimba. Abantu abadala ngokuqhelekileyo ukubathwala kakuhle, kungekho naziphi na iziphumo ezibi.

Abanye abantu baqonde, kutheni enze ugonyo olo ngaphandle kagqirha kagqirha. Phawula ukuba abo bahlala eRashiya yena, akunakwenzeka ukuba luncedo, ekubeni abantu abaninzi beguliswa meningitis, bafumana esi sifo ayikho ngenxa meningococcal serogroups A, C, Y, W-135, yaye ngenxa izifo kwiCEMIS. Bathi ukuba uhlobo ngokuqatha meningitis yeyona meningococcal serogroup B, kwaye ukusukela ukuba kumhla akukho lokugonya.

Nakubeni imbambano, abantu abaninzi sokugonya "Menakra" bona kunye nabantwana babo. nemiphumela emibi kulo inqabile kakhulu, kodwa likhusela umntu nxamnye nezifo meningococcal ubomi. Le nyaniso ingqinwa kusindiswa amawaka abantu ehlabathini jikelele.