Isigodlo Solovetsky. Imbali i Solovetsky Monastery

Le yenye yeendawo ezininzi ezimangalisayo yokomoya North Russian. Solovetsky Islands obathandayo kwaye umtsalane hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yobuhle bayo kunye namabala amakhulu avulekileyo, kodwa ibali yokuqala.

Iindonga Local khumbula eninzi intlungu, kodwa hayi ngaphantsi kunye novuyo. Ukubuya apha, uya gxwa ube sentsomi ngemiqondiso ukuze abazi kakuhle umphefumlo Russian.

pearl Orthodox

Ezityalwe hermits ezintathu iseli emva kweenkulungwane ezininzi iye yaguquka yaba sisiCwangciso ubutyebi jikelele. Izigidi lokuya kufika kunyaka ngamnye ukuba balikhangele ilizwe emangalisayo. Le etempileni ebudeni bobukho bayo ikwazile ukufumana enqabeni yomkhosi, intolongo kunye inkampu, apho wabeka eksperimenti ebantwini.

Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto kwaphula umoya esakhiweni. Namhlanje, emva kweminyaka emininzi woonongendi usisisulu nokubuyiselwa, luvelise ezahlukeneyo iimveliso zokunqula kunye lokuphambukela, iinkonzo zibanjwa kwaye bayithwala ilizwi likaThixo yabo.

nendawo

Solovetsky Monastery kubekwe kwiziqithi ezine lencinibakazi kwi kuLwandle White. izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, indawo nezigodlo ibekwe iziqwenga ezinkulu nezincinane komhlaba.

Ubuhle EMSULWA yomhlaba inyenyisa ngokuzenzekelayo ingqondo yomntu ukuya yokomoya. Akukho nto, njengako legend, zonke izakhiwo woonongendi kuma phezu kwendawo apho mimangaliso isityhilelo yenzekile.

Ngoko, kwi Big Solovetsky Island kunye Ascension ezi Savvatiy News and Filippovskaya, Makarii kunye Isaakovskaya entlango.

On the uSergiyo weemonki Big Muksalma ibekwe. Apha, wabeka etempileni egameni St. uSergiyo of Radonezh. Kukho kwakhona eMonastri kunye kwifama kwakhiwe ilungu labasebenzi. Ezi ziqithi ezimbini idityaniswe umzila ebizwa ngokuba "Stone Bridge".
On Anzere ke uElazare entlango, uBathathu Emnye, kunye yiGologota-Emnqamlezweni Skete.
Big uMvundla Island wawunika indawo eSt Andrew entlango.

Ubuninzi izakhiwo bobabo iinkulungwane 17-18, kodwa zazakhiwe phantsi kolwalathiso iimonki kwisayithi izakhiwo ezindala alapho.

Kwakhona Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky eMonastri, ukuba esekelwe amaxwebhu embali yelo lemizi yasefama elinesine. Bahlala kakhulu kwa mabandla kumntla yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Compound - efana monastery yesebe. Community, wahlukana lodwa kunye abahlala ngaphandle kwintsimi eziphefumlelweyo. Kodwa imbeko yitshata weemonki engundoqo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eMonastri ukusebenza ezine kuphela - e Moscow, Arkhangelsk kunye Kem Faustovo (ilali engekude ukusuka eMoscow).

Abalambele kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ukuba imvume kufuneka ukuba baye woonongendi Solovetsky njalo. Indlela ukufikelela kuyo? Ukwenziwa kwamaxwebhu kunye nezinye care uqobo kuthatha kwi-arhente. Ngoko ke, kukho iindlela ezimbini: ukuba ahlawule shishini lokukhokela abatyeleli onamava, leyo wonke umsebenzi owenziwa nina, okanye ukuya, ezama ukufumana yonke into ngokwakho. Indlela yokuqala iyabiza kwaye ngokukhawuleza, okwesibini - kutshiphu elide.

Imbali i Solovetsky Monastery

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky eMonastri lisukela emva ngenkulungwane ye-15. Ku ri na ngo 1429, iimonki ezintathu mawubekwe wakha iseli kuqala. Emva kwethutyana omnye wabo, Savvatii, reposed, kunye nabanye ababini - UHerman Zosimus - umva kwi Big Solovetsky Island.

Kungekudala emva koko, baba umbono webandla ebalaseleyo esesiphelweni lwempuma yeso siqithi. yakhiwa ibandla ngomthi, kwaye gqira zenkulungwane enye, Zosima wawongwa idiploma ye-Novgorod Archbishop uYona. Ngokutsho xwebhu, ngoku ke siqithi, elo ngeenxa kunye nekamva banikwa kunikwa ilifa lixesha le weemonki.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo ngoxolo umphefumlo Zosima kunye Herman. Le neemonki woonongendi Solovetsky ubunzima amandla sabo wahlala ngokukhethekileyo amalungiselelo njengoko iintsalela Savvatii, ngubani wasweleka ngo-1435 kwidolophana Soroca, kufuphi nonxweme.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane weshumi elinesihlanu apha kakade Umhlambi zipho abo ngamandla babuye amehlo umbhali. Ngenxa yoko, ilivo ngomlomo ka St. Herman yaba sisiseko iirekhodi ekusekweni weemonki Dosifeya. Ngokusekelwe kolu xwebhu ngo-1503 yaba ekuqaleni kuqulunqo kubomi pervonachalnikov Solovetsky.
Ngowe-1478, woonongendi awabunikwa nguYise, njengoko isipho 'bathinjwa intsimbi eyahlulayo isiJamani ", nto leyo namhlanje enye neembasa zomkhosi oludala Russian.

Ngowe-1479 Tsar Ivan Vasilievich ngokobuqu ngabangcangcazelisi iyasamkela ukunyaniseka kweziqinisekiso ubunini kwaye ekwenzeni ingonakaliswanga yayo isikhalazo sakhe.

Wawuyintoni oyena tsars Russian

Isakhiwo efanayo kuLwandle loGayo-inqala ezandleni abalawuli eMoscow kaThixo. Okokuqala, kunye Ngoncedo ngamabelana Solovetsky Monastery tidies ubomi neyoqoqosho yommandla. kwakungayi kuba ekufundeni Pomerania ngaphandle koncedo woonongendi ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, woonongendi bandise lonke uncedo kunokwenzeka. isimo sakhe siphakamileyo kungabonwa kwi amakhadi ngelo xesha. Asingabo bonke waniphawula ngemizi kunokuba esikhulu, kodwa Solovetsky Monastery kwimephu njalo achazwe.

Umsunguli woonongendi kwi yecawa eMoscow zazigqalwa abangcwele, kwaye inxaxheba yakomkhulu ezifundisa izipho. Konke oku nobubi, ngelishwa.
Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-16, lo msebenzi esimbaxa iwela emagxeni abemi kula mazwe. Ngaphandle amatyala anxulumene nomsebenzi eliqhelekileyo woonongendi, kwafuneka ukujongana lolwakhiwo inqaba. Umhla umva phakathi kwenkulungwane, izakheko ilitye lokuqala. Yonke ukwakhiwa owayephethe umphathi uPhilippe, oko Hermitage yakhe ukwakweli Big Solovetsky Island.

Kwiminyaka 1560-1570 woonongendi uvakaliswa "inqaba enkulu karhulumente", apha ithunyelwe Trifon umdala (Kologriv kwihlabathi), njengelinye labazobi zezona ngcali zinetalente iinjineli zomkhosi kweli xesha. Yaba nguye ezaziphethe nokudalwa uninzi izakhiwo kunye iinqaba kwi siqithi ukususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi.

Njengoko inqaba kumantla kobuOthodoki zone umda kunye amazwe aseYurophu, i Solovetsky Islands nje edla utshaba fleet. Ekuqaleni, iinqanawa baseBritani aya, kwiminyaka embalwa kamva ulonwabo uzame armada Swedish. Bonke bephela ziye zabukulwa.

Ukongeza, abasemagunyeni bazama ukusebenzisa iindonga enamandla woonongendi ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi, apha aqalile amgxothe amanani ezingafunekiyo. Ngenxa yoko, i-siqithi engagqibekanga ukuthatha phezu imisebenzi entolongweni.

Ambaxa izindlu isigodlo Solovetsky i engaphezu kwewaka abatoli abaxhobileyo. Loo mandla ukuze kulondolozwe, ngoko ke umyalelo waseburhulumenteni ukusuka weemonki wenza inkonzo yabasebenzi kunye nerhafu. Yonke swi kuphela kwi ukusebenza eliphezulu elizimeleyo. Oko kukuthi, le nqaba ukusebenza ixesha elide imo nasekuxinweni de kufike uncedo. Kwaye ke uncedo ukuya kude!

Noko ke, ookumkani yaye akazange silindele ukuba iya kudala ngokwayo ingxaki. Yonke le nto yaqala kunye inguqu ecaweni noqhekeko. Uninzi lendela bala ukwamkela imithetho ezintsha, sijike woonongendi Solovetsky kwi yindawo wokholo endala. Kamva zahlangana iintsalela eentloko ezaxhobela wamoyisa Stenki Razina.

Great iinzame umkhosi tsarist ngoJanuwari 1676 yentolongo kunjalo yathathwa. Bonke abo banoxanduva iinkokheli kwimvukelo yabulawa, igcine ziphangwe, kwaye ubume urhoxisiwe. Ukususela ngelo xesha - malunga namashumi amabini - mathathu - woonongendi yawela lihlazo.

Ukubuyela kwindawo yangaphambili yaqala kuphela ebudeni bolawulo uPetros Omkhulu. Ngeli xesha lokwakha yiGologota-Emnqamlezweni skite.

period synodal

Noko ke, ubukhulu kunye namandla wamajoni Solovetsky Monastery kwaye sele ifunyenwe. Ukuhlaziywa inkoliso ilizwe ngo 1764, ezilalini kunye nempahla. Ukongeza, akulawule abemi lencinibakazi. Utyatyadule akasafuni ukujongana inqaba ingafikeleleki apho ukuzalisa seal hlaza.

Ngowe-1765, waba stavropegic mazigqithiselwe ngaphantsi kwe lecawa, kodwa abbots ayekhona archimandrites.

Ngowe-1814 nenkundla Solovetsky Monastery wakhululwa evela imipu, bagawule inani lamalungu ekampini, kwaye kanye zinzi ngaphandle ukusuka kuluhlu lwe iinqaba ezikhoyo.

Nakuba kunjalo, ukwakhiwa ngexesha kodonga New Age badlula nasekuxinweni Anglo-French ngexesha iCrimea War. Yaba iintshaba ukuhlasela yakutshanje angaphandle kwi ezindongeni weemonki.

Emva kwenkulungwane ye-yeshumi elinesithoba, woonongendi nekungoku ingxamele ukuba nomdla iphambili ngummandla bahambi. Apha kufika inkosi kanye neqembu yakhe, amagcisa kunye nezifundiswa. Eyakhiwe zintathu Ongcwele Cathedral.
Ngowe-1886, umbundu weemonki kwafika nejoni yokugqibela ikampu. Ukususela eli xesha ngobume nayiphi na inqaba akungekhe kubekho mbuzo. Wahlala waba ngengqiqo ngokupheleleyo kweziko yokomoya North Russian.

Le kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini sele iqalile ukuba Solovki yimpumelelo gqitha. Xa ilifa zabo ngaphezu kokuba iicawa elinesibini, iiyure ezingamashumi amathathu, izikolo ezibini, ekungqungqeni of eMonastri Solovetsky, igadi yezityalo. Ukongeza, kuba ehlala ematyeni ezintandathu, lokusila, workshops zobugcisa ezahlukeneyo ezingaphezu kwama elinesihlanu.

On nommandla wayo ukuba asebenze ngaphezulu amawaka, anamakhulu eziliqela ilungu labasebenzi eqeshiweyo iinkosi. Kulo nyaka, woonongendi uye wayidlala umkhosi ukuya ngaphezulu kwe elinesihlanu lamawaka amakholwa, yaye abafazi ayivumelekanga ngaphakathi. Babehlala amadlelo. On top of bonke, xa ilifa weemonki 4 umkhumbi.

Ngexesha leSoviet

Njengazo zonke kwangaphambili kuphela ubomi emnandi kwaye wonwabe ngenxa esakhiweni. Imali - musa ukubala, imigqomo zizele iimveliso kunye nempahla. Wanelisiwe, kakuhle, akakhathazeki.

Noko ke, ekupheleni ubomi basezulwini wabeka i-Oktobha Revolution ngo-1917. abasemagunyeni wafika wathi ngokuphandle imfazwe ibandla kunye nabaphathiswa yayo. Ngowe-1920, iKomishoni ye-Red Army elikhokelwa umsedare, owakubhangisayo okunene Solovetsky Monastery, kodwa wavakalisa ifama apha yaye inkampu ngebhaxa "Solovki".

"Solovki Injongo Special Camp" - Ukususela 1923, Elephant waqalisa ukusebenza kwizakhiwo ezininzi. Itshixelwe ayifaneleki kwezopolitiko bonke. square metre ye ngoobhishophu entolongweni Per waba ngaphezu kulo lonke weRashiya ngokubanzi.

Ndingenwe ejele esongezelelwe nokudubula rhoqo kunye nokubulawa. Ukuhlupha intuthumbo zange ayeke, imini nobusuku. A isibhedlele inkampu eGolgotha-Emnqamlezweni eMonastri, ingqinelane ngokupheleleyo kunye nesihloko.

Ngemihla yakudala zonqulo bavunyelwa ebandleni lowo eseleyo kwi abahlobo babo, owayesebenza ifama, kodwa ngowe-1932 seal Eyokugqibela elubhacweni nezwe.

Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-banesifo babulawa apha inani elingu labantu, uninzi ezibe akukho ndlela eya ityala.

Ukususela 1937 ukuya 1939 apha ilungiswe Stone - entolongweni injongo ekhethekileyo, uhlala ngokupheleleyo ngokuvisisana negama layo. Yaye ebudeni Second World War kwakukho engabandakanyi kwimfundiso waseManzini eSoviet Union.

ukululama

Umsebenzi ekubuyiselweni zakhiwo weemonki uqale gqira zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ngowe-1974 yasekwa khona loovimba zembali zendalo.

umtsalane umdla kakhulu kwaye engaqhelekanga bakhula Anzer siqithi. Njengoko ukuba ngolwalathiso lobuthixo kwindawo apho abasemagunyeni ayengavunyelwa ukuzakhela ukuba phezulu, kukho ummangaliso onjalo. Jongisisa ifoto, woonongendi Solovetsky - kuphela ngubani na ndoqhayisa a ezinde enjalo.

Ngenxa ngokuwa eSoviet Union ivuselela abantu emishini zakwaEdom. October 25, 1990 lwabhengezwa ngokusesikweni ukubuyiselwa Zosimo-Savvatiy Solovetsky monastery Stauropegial. Eyokuqala yaba indela amagama banikwa ngokungqinelana iqashiso. Ngoku kube isithethe ezifunekayo.

Ngowe-1992, i-lesikhumbuzo zembali yokwakha zibandakanyiwe phakathi UNESCO World Heritage Site.

umsebenzi ngokutsha oluqhubekayo zize zakhiwe iminqamlezo zokubhiyizela uMdyarho emhlabeni iintlekele mkhulu. ukholo abaninzi okuqala eSoviet Union zaye lamiselwa.

Ngowe-2001, i-uMphathi All Russia Alexy II ngokobuqu behlambulula weemonki Solovetsky.
Indlela ukufikelela kuye, ngoku inkxalabo zabanquli ezininzi; ngokuba namolennoe ngokuhlupheka, kwaye ke loo ndawo energy engakholelekiyo.

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo: ukufikelela kwiziqithi isenokuba phezu kwamanzi okanye emoyeni. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ezisetyenziswa yi abahlali, nabasemzini, abakhenkethi - in Arkhangelsk kunye Kem ngokusebenzisa (le yokugqibela kuphela ngexesha navigation).

Isiseko isigodlo eMoscow

Okwesibini Igama sion weemonki - Church of St. George the Owoyisayo entilini. Le esemva River eMoscow. Le ndawo kuthiwa wabalimi Lower.
Icawa yokuqala eyenziwe ngomthi yasekwa apha amaxesha Ioanna Vasilevicha Groznogo. Kodwa ke isicelo uBhishophu Elassonskogo, owafika kunye nonozakuzaku ukuya enkundleni 1588, ecaweni ilitye kwakhiwa endaweni yayo.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane elinesixhenxe, njengoko iicawa ezininzi kule entolongweni wadalwa ngenxa "benkathazo."

Itempile lakhula nge kwexesha. Kuba leminyaka, ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-17, kwakukho Izindlwana ezimbini ukuyifakela - egameni Virgin Mary Nikolaya Chudotvortsa.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuhambisa proleganiya komhlaba phantsi intsimbi, kunjalo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elinesibhozo ziwile, bawa refectory. Malunga nesiqingatha senkulungwane, lendela ngaphandle kula maziko mabini, lo gama enye i-amarhamente abanduluka ukubeka nenqaba yentsimbi.

Ku yakhiwa kwindawo eqinileyo, ngoko ke entendelezweni Solovetsky Monastery eMoscow yaba bemgama ukusuka uqoqo.

Ngasevarandeni, namhlanje isebenza woonongendi, yakhiwa ngo-1836.
Ngowe-1908 ibandla kwakhona wasinda ntlekele. Ngenxa unogumbe umlambo yayinomkhukula kwigumbi elingaphantsi, iindonga kwakhiwa neentanda.

Le mizobo, leyo waqala ukuwa, babuyiselwa kuphela emva kweminyaka emibini.
Ukongeza, ukuziphatha yetempile, zaba isibhedlele, isikolo kunye ezisecicini zomkhosi yangaphambili.
Ibandla esebenza de 1935, yaye ebudeni beminyaka eSoviet Union, kukho arhente i ubugcisa.

Zenene namhlanje

Solovetsky Monastery e Moscow namhlanje waphila phantsi weemonki iphambili woonongendi phezu koLwandle White. Indawo yoBuyiselo kwenzeka ngo-1992.

Ikakhulu umsebenzi wakhe ezinxulumene inkxaso kunye nokulondolozwa woonongendi kwi siqithi. Ngo-1990 kwakukho ekulungiseleleni inkonzo ngokunxulumene ukutshintshwa izinto ezingcwele abangcwele, nibe nako Solovki. Kumaziko okwandisa babuyiselwa, ivathisiwe.

kweminyaka elishumi emva kokuba ukufunyanwa bayo babe ngabangcwalisiweyo onke amagumbi, wakha Unqulo umnqamlezo, iimitha ezilishumi ukuphakama.

Ngowe-2003 Ndabamisela umbhiyozo omkhulu isikhumbuzo 350 ekusekweni kwiCawa Yokuzalwa of ungowokubongwa Virgin Mary, esalinikwayo isiseko sophuhliso elandelayo zetempile.

Yaye Easter 2006, oko thaca kuboniswa obala novosdelanny iconostasis kwimiqolo ezintlanu.

Loo ndawo yonqulo engundoqo icon yabasebenzi ummangaliso Solovetsky kunye ezingcwele. inkonzo nganye ebekwa yi isibheno kuye, kunye nebandla kumfanekiso.
Kwakhona, kukho indlu yoshicilelo, benza kwakhululwa "Solovki umthunywa", postcards kunye nezinye izinto ziprintwe iKrismesi leeholide kunye nezinye iintsuku ezinkulu engcwele. Iikhalenda, equlethe iifoto, Solovetsky Monastery yenza elihle kakhulu kwaye yokuqala.

impilo kukuliphi

Sisiseko kwimisebenzi Moscow isigodlo yemfundo noqeqesho amarhamente abaselula. Kwi kwintsimi kukho isikolo seCawe, apho bafunda kunye abantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-6 ukuya ku-13. isicwangciso sesifundo Calendar Baya kuma ngokungqinelana izimiso zamaKristu kwisitulo zonke iiholide zonqulo.
Abazali ngokwabo amalungiselelo isidlo ukuba abafundi.

Kwakhona kusebenza fotokruzhok, ukuba usebenzisana kunye umboniso yesikolo eMoscow.
Ukongeza, ngo-2011, balungiselela ukuhamba kunye nebhasi ukhenketho zonke izinto eMoscow. Omnye excursions, umzekelo - Ivan i esibi, kunye St uFilipu.

Utyeshelo kuqhubeka kwintendelezo ekufutshane, e Faustovo kunye Kolomenskoye. Zonke uhambo ukuba kuphela ezinxulumene imbali kunye nokusebenza weemonki. Kwakhona, qho kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, abalandeli ukuthwala nabasemzini ukuya Solovetsky Islands.

Injongo yezi hambo baye kuphela zemfundo, kodwa ngokomoya. Emva kokuba tour, wonke umntu ungahlala kwaye ubuza uMphathiswa yonke imibuzo. Uya kusabela kubo, okanye, okanye nibabize beze siganeko.

Unqulo ubanjwa yonke imihla kwaye inkonzo - izihlandlo eziliqela ngeveki. Kwaye leNzila, ngoLwesine, kukho unction obukhulu.