Isichumiso izilimo emanzini. izityalo Aquarium kwabasaqalayo. izityalo Aquarium nabalulamileyo. izichumiso ekhaya ukuze izityalo akwariyam

Namhlanje kuye nendlela ukuba akwariyam ekhaya. Thenga oko akuyi kuba nzima, kodwa ungakwazi isiphunzi nabani. Beginners kukho amakhulu imibuzo ngokwabo intlanzi, amanzi, umhlaba kunye nezityalo. Ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kwi kukhetho yentlanzi ezintle, sisoloko silibale malunga nezityalo. Kodwa ke kubalulekile ukuba kudalwe indawo evumayo kwi-akwariyam.

izityalo Aquarium kwabasaqalayo

Akukho mfuneko ukugxotha exotic. Qala into elula. Khetha izityalo esifanelekileyo ingabi njengoko ukuze kubonakale kulula. Noko ke, ukuze enze izinto tye, uya kube lula kakhulu ubomi bakho. Zeziphi izityalo:

• kuba kukutya iintlanzi;
• ukubonelela ngendawo yokuhlala kunye nendawo yokuphumla iintlanzi;
• amanzi Igcwele oksijini;
• zinqanda uphuhliso lona lisiza asezantsi;
• ukunciphisa uyazikhomba ammonia;
• abe uhombiso lwe zima.

Ukuze uqale ukukhetha izityalo Aquarium nabalulamileyo. Abasakwazi aqine, nokuba uthe wenza into engalunganga, usenalo abasindise. Survivability singachasaniswa kunye nokhula. Ezi ntlobo zezityalo ezikhulayo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ubomi obude khangela okulungileyo. Ngaphezu koko, iindleko idenariyo. Kwaye nokuba uyakwazi ukubabulala, akayi kuba nosizi izixhobo. Zonke izityalo lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ngamaqela amathathu: i ingcambu, ezidadayo kunye rootlessness.

iintlobo zengcambu

Ezi zityalo emanzini kwabasaqalayo ityalwa ngqo emhlabeni. Ngokwangaphandle, ukuze babe ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa efanayo izityalo eziqhelekileyo. utyelwe babo ubukhulu osezantsi ngeesentimitha eziyi-4 ukuya ku-6. Baye nenkqubo iingcambu ebanzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa utyala. Ezinye izityalo bayakwazi iintyatyambo phantsi kwamanzi. Le mbono emangalisayo enhle. Imizekelo yezityalo eziyinzalelwane ingcambu ingaba Cryptocoryne, Vallisneria, styloid arrowhead.

Ixabiso lencopho izityalo emanzini

Funda lula. Ezi zityalo kwakudada phezu kwamanzi. Inkqubo iingcambu ingena nzulu, kodwa emazantsi ayikho ikhathazekile. Zonke izondlo ezifunekayo kuzo athabathe yamanzi. Oku izityalo Aquarium nabalulamileyo. Ngokwangaphandle, zikhangeleka intle kunene kwaye engaqhelekanga. Amaxesha amaninzi zivelisa iintyatyambo phezu komhlaba. Abameli ziqhelekileyo: duckweed Ricci ezidadayo kunye Frogbit.

iintlobo Unrooted

Bekhula ematyeni, amanzi kunye naziphi na izinto uhombise zima. Ukuba ubatyale emhlabeni, kungekudala kutshabalala ngenxa qha zaneleyo kweengcambu ngamanzi. Phakathi abameli babo kuchongwa yefeni, moss, hornwort.

Ukukhathalela izityalo nezilwanyana zasemanzini

Ukuze ukonwabela ubuhle akwariyam wakho ukuba izityalo usempilweni, kufuneka ubanike ngononophelo epheleleyo. kuba Kufuneka Musa ukoyika kulo kwaye yilindele uluhlu olude lwe ezinye imithetho. izityalo Aquarium kwabasaqalayo ukuze zikhule kakuhle ebumnyameni, yaye ilanga evulekileyo. Kubo, akunamsebenzi inqanaba oksijini kufumaneka bantu. Noko ke, akukho namnye abethe ukunceda kwiiwadi zabo. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa i isichumiso ekhethekileyo izityalo nezilwanyana zasemanzini.

ezidla ezongezelelweyo

Kuba ukukhula kakuhle zonke izinto eziphilayo zidinga iseti ethile kwezondlo. Bonke kufuneka iqulathwe emanzini. Nangona kunjalo, oku kudla engenzekiyo. Izichumisi izityalo akwariyam zikhethwa ngendlela ukuba yinxalenye zonke izinto ezingekho khona emanzini. Zityhila ubukho kwezinto ezithile ukuze ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ukuba kuthengiswa ezivenkileni elithile. Lokondla lunokuba lulwelo okanye iipilisi. ukwakhiwa kwawo kuboniswa kumqulu. Ukongeza, kukho iidosi zaveza kunye neendlela ukusetyenziswa.

Zeziphi izityalo kufuneka ibele

Le umba yinxalenye nokulatyuza fans Aquarium abatsha. Impendulo yalo ilula kakhulu. Zonke izityalo kufuneka ibe amaxesha ngamaxesha ukuba akuxhase. Ezi nketho kuphela kumasimi ngumntu. Misela ukuba uhlobo isichumiso oyifunayo, ilula kakhulu. Kubhaliwe nemiyalelo yokusebenzisa. Qaphela. Ezinye nezichumiso ezifanele izityalo olunye, kodwa abanye contraindicated. Gcina oku engqondweni xa ukhetha.

Umgquba nge isichumiso ulwelo

Olu hlobo lweekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa nokondliwa izityalo nezinejika ngaphandle iingcambu, wondliwa kuphela amagqabi. isichumiso Ulwelo izityalo zasemanzini zimelwe kwi kwiivenkile kwi asolwa enkulu. Sebenzisa lula. Oku akuyi esingenakubangela naliphi na ubunzima ngisho kwabasaqalayo.

Feed izityalo kunye rhoqo ngokwaneleyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-ubuncwane olunoluncedo ngokungaphelelanga imveliso ngokusebenzisa izihluzi. unonophelo olulodwa kuyimfuneko ukubhekisela idosi. Uchitha isichumiso ngaphezu kuyimfuneko, anisayi kwenza umonakalo omkhulu kubahlali aquarium, kodwa lona lisiza ziqala ukukhula ngesantya kakhulu, yaye kungekudala uza kukhukulisa isikhongozeli yonke. Akukho nzima ukwenza isichumiso ukuze akwariyam ngezandla zabo. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi olukhulu kunye Izakha ezifunekayo nokubala idosi. Ngokwenza ukuba wena, uyakwazi ukulawula umxholo kwezinto ezithile emanzini, ngaloo ndlela ukulawula ukukhula kwezityalo.

Yalusa waya zeendawana

yezichumiso izityalo zasemanzini zibekwe emhlabeni okanye ngqo ngezantsi kwiingcambu zezityalo. Le ndlela iye zalo eziluncedo. Nutrients ngcembe ukuluhlakaza, ziwe emhlabeni yaye wendele iingcambu zezityalo ngeedosi ezincinane. Kuba ulwelwe abanalo ufikelelo kwezi nezichumiso, ngoko, elidlulileyo aluchaphazeli ukukhula kwabo. Le zeendawana kukodwa uyatyetyiswa yintlaninge lweziqalelo. Kudla ezisetyenziswa akwariyam ngodongwe lateritic, osisityebi yentsimbi. Kufanelekile ngokugqibeleleyo izityalo ezininzi.

Izichumisi ngezandla zabo

Beginners abathandi okugcinwa bakhetha ukuthenga isichumiso esele zenziwe. Oku ugwetyelwayo yokuswela ulwazi kunye nezakhono. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha uya kufunda ukusebenzisa i nezichumiso Aquarium ekhaya. Baye eziluncedo ezininzi. Ungakhetha ngoobani kunye nenani lweziqalelo. Ukongeza, ukuba ukuhlanganiswa esele zenziwe sitshiphu. Omnye weyona milenze ibaluleke gqitha lo wemagniziyam. Ukuba amanzi nzima, kusenokuba kwanele. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi azinayo wemagniziyam ngokwaneleyo. Isetyenziswa njengento sulphate babethengisa ezikhemesti nakwiivenkile intyatyambo.

Enye ebalulekileyo - potassium. Idityaniswa njenge carbonate, chloride okanye potassium sulphate. Le Ingxenye zingasetyenziswa kunye ne potassium nitrate ukukhonza njengomthombo-nitrogen. Loo mxube bekuya kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: iilitha 0.5 zamanzi (etephini okanye iziqholo) Micro icephe (6% Fe), amacephe amabini potassium, igumbi wemagniziyam icephe. Ukuthintela ukukhula ziibhakteriya, zehydrochloric acid. Lo mxube igcinwe kwindawo emnyama. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwezinye izinto ibolile ekukhanyeni. Musa ukwenza unikezelo omkhulu wamanzi ixutywe mxube. Yigcine ngendlela owomileyo. isichumiso ekhaya izityalo zasemanzini zongezwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukugxila kwandisa yonke imihla. Kwiiveki ezimbini zokuqala kufuneka ibe 1 ml iilitha ezili-100 zamanzi. Ngoko ke ithamo liyehla ngokuphindwe kathathu.

Izichumisi ngezinto ezilahliweyo

isichumiso ekhaya ukuze izityalo zasemanzini ukwenza elula. Onke amacandelo zithengwa kwiivenkile ezikufutshane. Kuya kufuneka ukuba boric acid (ekhemesti), MgSO ₄ * 7H ₂ 0 (kweyadi store), umanyolo (Photoshop), potassium nitrate (kweyadi store), calcium (ivenkile eyadini). Kubalulekile ukufumana intsimbi ekunene. Kufuneka ibe bivalent, nayiphi na enye ngeke isebenze. Unako ukusebenzisa sulfate yentsimbi. Le nto idityaniswa ngomlinganiselo gram enye ilitha nganye. Uyondelelwano lwee- amacandelo ezishiyekileyo sibalwa ngokufanayo. Impilo lo mxube ayaziwa. Aquarium nesichumiso kufuneka kwenziwe ngaxeshanye. Ngaloo ndlela, uya kusoloko qiniseka ngempumelelo yabo.

Ukunqongophala ngemithamo kunye macronutrients

Ukufuya izityalo akwariyam kufuna ulwazi oluthile. Lokusiza ngexesha benze umxube ekunene lweziqalelo, kufuneka ube nako ukuqaphela yokunqongophala kwabo. Nkqu isichumiso kakhulu izityalo zasemanzini akuyi kuya kukunceda ukuba ngokungachanekanga ukuchaza nokwakheka. Enye iimpawu eziphambili imisiwe ukukhula. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho lula ukuba uqaphele. Kukho amaqela amabini iimpawu zezi:

1. bavela emagqabini endala. Zibonisa yokunqongophala potassium, iphosphate, magnesium nitrogen. Elements asuka endala ukuya kwiindawo ezintsha isityalo na ebonisa iimpawu yindlala. Iimpawu ezinokuchaphazela lonke igqabi (phosphorus ukushiyeka ne-nitrogen) okanye lengingqi (potassium nezinki ukuswela).

2. bavela emahlamvini abaselula kunye neendawo ekhulayo. Le yokungabikho kobungqina boron, calcium, isalfure, nobhedu, nesinyiti kunye manganese. Ezi zinto abakwazi ukuba ukususela kwenye inxalenye esityalo ukuya kwenye. Ukuba umhlaba okanye amanzi ngokwaneleyo, nasemgqekwini abagulayo kwaye afe. Ezi mpawu ke, nayo, yahlulwe ngokwamaqela amathathu:

• xa kukho ukunqongophala ukubuna yobhedu ngamagqabi;
• ukunqongophala boron kunye calcium ibandakanya intshabalalo kidney ephezulu, ilahleko igqabi kunye nombala;
• ngenxa yokunqongophala isalfure, intsimbi kunye manganese zenzeka kombala amagqabi abaselula akukho kidney intshabalalo eliphezulu.

Phambi baqalisa ukufuna ngenxa yezizathu zokugxojwa kwesityalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba izigqale izinto yinxalenye yengxaki kwavela. Ngoko ke, wena ukuchaza iqela iimpawu lula.

Ezingaphezu ngemithamo kunye macronutrients

- nitrogen. kuyimfuneko mali agqithise lwesi sakhi ibandakanya delay lokuvuthwa nezidubula. Plant uba eluhlaza emnyama, kunye neziqu - obukhulu. Ithuba Lemvelo ixesha elide. Ukuqokelelela iintlobo kweziphilayo initrogen kukhokelela ekubeni eli laphu uba ithambile kwaye iindaba zimnandi. Isichumiso izityalo zasemanzini eziqulathe kakhulu ammonium nitrate kungabangela ityhefu. Amkele yezichumiso, izityalo ziyayeka ukukhula, rots micingeni. Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa Isifo sisasazeka zonke mithambo. Kulo mzekelo, amagqabi bakhangeleka bephilile. Ukuba ayenzi uqale unyango, amagqabi uya kubuna kwaye isityalo siya kufa.

- potassium. Agqithisile lwesi sakhi ithintela ukuhamba nitrogen kwisityalo. A isixa esikhulu potassium abangaphangeliyo kakhulu ukukhula, amagqabi aqale kukhanye, internodes elongate. kuvela Emva kwethutyana ke amabala amagqabi. Izityalo abune, sife.

- ukumila. Umxholo phosphorus kwisityalo kukhokelela yokuba ukuba iphume amabala omthubi abonakale, amagqabi eziwa. Izityalo zikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu yaye sisaluphala. iityuwa acid Phosphoric zaneleyo emanzini. Ngenxa yoko, izinto umkhondo ezininzi (manganese, nemagnesium, nobhedu, nesinyiti, ayibe, zinc) agule aze abe ayifumaneki izityalo. Ngenxa yoko, zinokuba intsilelo kuphawula.

- Calcium. Ngokwenza isichumiso ekhaya izityalo zasemanzini, kufuneka ngenyameko abale umthamo calcium. excess Its ebangela chlorosis kwithishyu. kuvela amabala Necrotic. Kwezinye iimeko, zakha izangqa concentric. Ngaba uqale ukukhula ngokukhawuleza amagqabi. Noko ke, imilibo kufa. Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukwahlula phakathi zinetyhefu kunye ukuswela.

- Iron. Ngenxa agqithisile lwesi sakhi phakathi imithambo kubonakala chlorosis, amagqabi kuphelelwa yaye tyheli.

- wemagniziyam. Kulo mzekelo, amagqabi imnyama ngokuphawulekayo nesijijekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, nanzo zancitshiswa ubukhulu.

- eKalagadi. An libanda lwe manganese ubonisa chlorosis njengokuba interveinal amagqabi abaselula. Zijika tyheli iphuphe. Necrotic kuvela akhanya mhlophe okanye lube mnyama. amagqabi ezichaphazelekayo zigqunywe amachaphaza ezincinane kubomvu-mdaka. Bona ziyabuna ukugoba.

- yoBhedu. Le element kukuninzi ebangela uphuhliso chlorosis amagqabi asezantsi. Babonakala akhanya. Ngenxa yoko, amagqabi kunyothulwa. Esi sifo sichaphazela amagqabi abaselula, nayo leyo ibhalwe chlorosis.

- zinc. Ingalingani zinc kunegalelo kwiziqephu neziselubala yegazi eziphambili base. Amagqabi ngexesha elinye siluhlaza. Kamva, phakathi yegazi kwenzeka chlorosis. Kuya kuwa yamagqabi, izintso aphezulu kufa, ngoba zipeyintwe emnyama okanye obomvu.

- chlorine. Kulo mzekelo, amagqabi unamathele, lukhuni okanye lincipha. Stem lukhuni. Old sishiya igutyungelwe amabala purplish-brown kwaye ziyawa. Imiphumo eyingozi kwechlorine namandla ekwenzeni wemagniziyam.

- Janai. Phantsi impembelelo boron amagqabi tyheli ukugqabhuza. Bona isongiwe kwaye eyakhiwe ngayo imilo. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba uninzi boron isuke kwi nezihlunu endala. Kule nkalo, okokuqala zonke kuchaphazela amagqabi abadala. Icebiso kunye namagqabi isesiswini. Kwiimeko phambili libanda boron nga iphutha ngenxa yokunqongophala nesiqalelo. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka silumke ukuze abatshabalalise izityalo.

- Sodium. Xa amanzi yendalo lungenzeki yoxinaniso eyityhefu sodium. Uninzi izityalo emanzini unokuziva enkulu kuluhlu olubanzi ngokwaneleyo zoqhaphelo ukwimo. Fumana agqithisile kwi akwariyam kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa nentlaka ion exchange. Zisetyenziswa ukunciphisa yokuqaqadeka amanzi, njengoko kunjalo kwimeko ngamalungiselelo eziqulathe sodium (asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlanzi kunye ummiselo ubume kwemichiza ngaphakathi etankini). Sodium ebandakanyekileyo ekuxhaseni urhulumente osmotic iiseli nokutshintshiselana sodium-potassium, esikhundleni kwezinye ngayo potassium ngempumelelo. Amaxesha amaninzi inxalenye enkulu yezityalo efunekayo ubanjelwe kunye potassium sodium. Kulo mzekelo, isityalo ayisoze isokole. Strong sodium yoxinaniso amanzi nefuthe elibi kwi ukutya kwaye unika isakhiwo chloroplasts. Sodium inempembelelo entle kwisityalo kwimeko potassium intswelo. Ukuba yokugqibela kwanele emanzini, isodiyam kunokuba nemiphumo ezinetyhefu. Uyawubona lo mba kunzima kakhulu, kuba iimpawu zayo zichazwe okwangoku.