ISebe omfisi: iimpawu ezifanayo isici. Zingaphi iintlobo kumila

isebe omfisi zenza kwezityalo ezinemigca, eziquka zombini mihla yamandulo ngaphezulu. Ngoku kukho malunga namawaka alishumi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yefeni, leyo kakhulu kulo lonke ihlabathi, apho kudibana naphi na ehlabathini.

iimpawu ngokubanzi omfisi, igama iintlobo

Amahlathi emvula kufuneka iimeko kakhulu ekukhuleni kwabo. Apha kukho inani elikhulu kweentlobo yefeni, ezimila nje emhlabeni, kodwa phezu neziqu amahlumelo nemithi.

isityalo UFern ingafunyanwa kwi nasezimfanteni zeengxondorha, imigxobhozo, amachibi, iindonga zezakhiwo, imiqukumbelo indlela. iindawo ezimnyama amahlathi ashinyeneyo efanelekileyo ukuzalisa lianovidnyh kunye yefeni, kwaye ixesha elide engenasigxina ubomi kufuphi namanzi. Abayi ukutsala ingqalelo, kodwa ke ikuyo ngenxa ukungafuni yayo ukuze zikhule.

Kumila amahlathi zethu

Kwisibanzi zethu, apho kwemozulu yefeni ziingcathu ayikwazi kuhlangatyezwane, kodwa uhlobo ingaphelelwayo herbaceous of kumila ngokwaneleyo. Ukuba ujonga iintlobo ezininzi kangakanani na yefeni ezikhulayo eRashiya, babeza kuba malunga nekhulu. Eyona iifeni zixhaphakileyo zezona omfisi yeenciniba, nenekazi-omfisi kunye Japanese, Dryopteris inkunzi mnogoryadniki, listovik skolopendrovy, Pteridium aquilinum.

Izityalo ifakiwe omfisi ehlukanisiwe zahluka asezantsi ezilula, ezifana ulele, ubukho esikhondweni, iingcambu kunye namagqabi, leyo babe neempawu zabo.

Neziqu, rhizomes isakhiwo yabo

iifeni Stem eyenziwe hayi kakhulu. Yena ulula amancinci. Ngaphandle, mhlawumbi, kumila umthi yimvula, ukuba uhlobo nkqo iziqu, ngaphezulu apho kukho isithsaba encinane kuqulethe amagqabi enkulu ngokwaneleyo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, izityalo omfisi herbaceous abe neziqu, ekuthiwa rhizomes elifutshane. Le rhizomes zahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini, kuxhomekeka imilo kunye nendawo amagqabi kunye neengcambu.

Uhlobo lokuqala luquka rhizomes, iingcambu pridatochny apho kubekwe kwicala ezisezantsi amagqabi phezulu. Umphezulu Uhlobo lwesibini rhizomes ifihle ngokufanayo kunye amagqabi kunye neengcambu. Le rhizomes zezinye iintlobo omfisi kunokuba ityhefu.

iimpawu amagqabi

Amagqabi, xa kuthelekiswa ne esikhondweni, makhulu yaye nzima kakhulu. Kwezinye iintlobo omfisi amagqabi akhule ukuya kwiimitha ezingamashumi amathathu ubude. Ezininzi petiole omfisi igqabi kwaye dissected ipleyiti pinnate leyo eye ngentonga nto leyo uhlobo ukwandiswa esiqwini.

Khula evela rhizomes amagqabi abatsha isesiswini look. Apical leaf omfisi ukukhula zigcinwe ixesha elide. Le nyaniso kakhulu umdla, ekubeni ukukhula olunjalo ngamagqabi izityalo aphezulu ngokuphelele aziqhelekanga.

Ukongezelela ekwenzeni imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa isityalo umcimbi eziphilayo, amagqabi ezinye iintlobo ze yefeni ke izidumbu ibihlungu.

buphindwe

Kukho iifeni, amagqabi, nto leyo yahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ngesinye kunye amagqabi zezityalo efanayo ludlolo, ngaphandle ama kunye namagqabi, leyo ke ama. amagqabi enjalo ibizwa wakhawula, yaguqulelwa isuka kwisiLatini - ukutyebisa.

Imbewu kweentlobo ezininzi imi emazantsi kumphezulu sangasemva sheet. Njengazo zonke izityalo ephakamileyo, inkqubo nokuzala yefeni kwenzeka xa zavuleka zikhula. zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa, apho iingxabano zibizwa ngokuba ama ukuphuhlisa. A wayenemfuyo eninzi imbewu amalungiselelo kufuphi enye kwenye ukwakha sori. Bafana "iingxowa", apho iingxabano zigcinwa.

Xa zavuleka ezivuthiweyo, baya kuwa, nanzo olunyuswe ngumoya, awela intuthuzelo kuba iimeko ezikhulayo. Kungekudala evela Imbewu imila kwakhiwa imbasa oluncinane ukuba ububanzi of kuphela iimillimitha eziliqela, nto leyo omfisi prothallia.

gametes

Oku zarostok baqale ubomi babo ebambelele lomhlaba ngokobuninzi babo Imicu. Kwi inxalenye esezantsi asakhasayo gametes inkunzi nemazi (amaqanda kunye amadlozi). amanzi Dropwise okanye umbethe, nto leyo sasibambezeleka prothallia, iiseli amadlozi kusiwa amaqanda, ngaloo ndlela ukwenza isichumiso.

gymnosperms UFern ahluka ukusuka kwezinye iintlobo neengcambu. Umahluko omkhulu - enomfanekiso umungu kunye gametes ngaphakathi kuyo. Pollen kudluliselwa umoya phezu imigama emide. Imbewu kwasekwa cone, akukho abanayo iqokobhe, benjenjalo ukumemeza gymnosperms.

ubudala elifanayo dinosaur

omfisi ezahlulwe emdala kakhulu kunye nezinye izityalo iintyatyambo le umaleko kumphezulu womhlaba. Kwi sithuba Carboniferous kwiindawo ehlathini engumgxobhozo ukongeza horsetails enkulu kunye ubulembu club wakhula iifeni zamandulo, oya kufikelela eziphakamileyo kweemitha mathathu.

Amaqhosha amalahle nangoku ishicilela amagqabi amakhulu yefeni omkhulu. Ngoku ukusasaza omfisi waphawula kulo lonke ihlabathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imozulu. Bona bamfumana kwi ekweleenjiko ashushu uze kule nxalenye yomntla ihlabathi.

Seasons babe negunya nefuthe lazo kwisityalo omfisi. Entlakohlaza iqalisa ukukhula kunye nophuhliso, kwaye kufutshane ekuweni, ezi nkqubo zizakuqalwa ngayo. Kwiintlobo ezininzi zokufa igqabi kwenzeka, kodwa kukwakho neentlobo apho kukho ubusika zabo baze bahlale eluhlaza, ukukhumbula ukuba kwimozulu ashinyeneyo, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izityalo isigxina eluhlaza, yefeni, kakhulu, sihlale eluhlaza lonke ixesha.

Igama "omfisi" livela amagqabi ezimile kakuhle khangela ipeni. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izityalo ibihlungu ephakamileyo, yefeni Zibaluleke eziphilayo enkulu yendalo, umzekelo, ngaba njengesakhi esibalulekileyo yehlathi.

ezentengiso

Division omfisi, uye isicelo ngokubanzi kwelo khaya. Ngoko ke abemi amanye amazwe asetyenziswa ukutya kunye core kumagqabi oselula yefeni, ukuba ifomu komthi. Ezi iziqwenga okufakwe kwaye ngetyuwa. Umzekelo, i ezityiwayo yi "Pteridium aquilinum," nto leyo iba umxholo ophezulu protein kunye istatshi amagqabi.

iintlobo ezininzi omfisi zisetyenziswa izithako kweziyobisi kweentshulube emathunjini. kuyawucoca na iingcambu zesityalo kwaye isetyenziselwa ubuthi kwimveliso, yaye baphathwa izilonda, nangokhwekhwe, intloko ebuhlungu, izilonda. Iingcambu angaba negalelo ekubuyiselweni ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo sentliziyo.

amagqabi zokuhombisa

Ngenxa amagqabi awo amakhulu amahle dissected, omfisi isoloko isetyenziswa uhombiso lwe izitiya, ndenza nemiyezo. Umzekelo, yefeni "marsilea quadrifolia" lisetyenziswa uhombiso lwemizimba zamanzi kunye watyala ngqo emanzini. UFern, leyo igama "Nephrolepis" liye lasetyenziswa njenge asisuki zokuhomba, etsala abantu amagqabi enkulu openwork.

iifeni Water zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengoko imihombiso for akwariyam. Ukongeza ukuhonjiswa, iifeni ezinjalo anendima ebalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa abemi oksijini. azikhange njani iintlobo ezininzi yefeni, bonke badlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi yehlathi.

abamele eziyityhefu

Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba olunyamekileyo, ngokuba ezinye iintlobo yefeni zinetyhefu. Izityalo dryopteridaceae usapho, zezona zinto ziyingozi, njengoko okuqulethwe rhizomes zabo eziqulathe izithako ezinobungozi of phloroglucinol. Noko Dryopteris amayeza kwaye asetyenziselwa ukunyanga helminthiasis.

Njengoko sibona, kuba iimpawu ezininzi luncedo, ngoko ke kufuneka ukukhusela kumila. Ukutyelela Forest Park kwaye kufuneka uluqhawule yefeni ezikhulayo seentyatyambo yomhombiso, kuba amagqabi ezi zityalo yamandulo ukwenzakala kutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza waza wonakalelwa ke imbonakalo yazo.

Isityalo uba Andimthandi zishwabene, ebunileyo kulahlwe nje. Ngenxa yokuba izenzo ezinjalo mali yezityalo ezindala ukuba iipropati luncedo ubunzima kunciphisa. iimpawu ezizodwa omfisi kufuneka ukubaphatha ngovelwano kakhulu.