Inkqubo yegazi zezilwanyana ngenxa kwemvelo zehlabathi

Inkqubo yegazi izilwanyana sele iwupasisile indlela elide uluhlu ngethuba kwemvelo zehlabathi. Lasekwa ngo endaweni iindawo eziphambili oludala lweHo- yomzimba, nto leyo izilwanyana eziphezulu iye andigweqe tsellomom okanye kwisisu umzimba eziziisekondari. Ngexesha ontogeny inkqubo yokujikeleza izilwanyana iye yaba nendima jikelele ukwenza, ezizezi ukutshintshwa izondlo, ioksijini, iimveliso pathways, iihomoni kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ebalulekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo ebalulekileyo ekuhlanganiseni i eziphilayo, eqinisekisa ingqibelelo yayo.

Izazi inkqubo yokujikeleza Pheleleyo, izazinzulu ziye bodwa izilwanyana abangekaphuhli ezifana nemerteans, annelids, echinoderms, izilwanyana kunye nezinambuzane, oko kukuthi, i-iiklasi ezinxibelelene uhlobo ezingenamqolo. Zabo Isakhiwo ukhokho oqhelekileyo inkqubo yokujikeleza waba abangekaphuhli kakhulu - a izikroba inkqubo elincinane, kukho umngxuma ngaphandle iiseli epithelial, nto leyo iye ayasekwa icala aya kwegazi. Modern Isakhiwo zezilwanyana ezingenamqolo Umgaqo inkqubo yokujikeleza nayo isintu impela: eziphambili neempahla ezimbini longitudinal - ubuxoki ventral kanye amaphiko ngaphezulu nangaphantsi emathunjini, ngokulandelelana. Kwaye ezihlangene yi ezinqamlezayo imithambo yegazi ezisisiphumo emathunjini kwi icici namasebe amaninzi ukuba amalungu angaphakathi omzimba kunye nokhuseleko. Ngelo xesha, uphawu lokusebenza nkqubo kukuba igazi isitya ventral eshenxela emva nangasemva - phambili. Blood drive umsebenzi ibonelelwa ucutheko zesingqisho kwindawo inqanawa amaphiko.

Inxaxheba ekudalweni nasekusungulweni kwale inkqubo yokujikeleza izilwanyana uyaphuculwa ngeendlela ezininzi zonke iiklasi. uphuhliso yayo ayenziwanga oluvela olujikeleza kakhulu ezingenamqolo. Oku kuchazela abafundi phawu yayo engundoqo nabasebenzayo: ubukho zihlunu kwamaza ilungu ngokuba intliziyo, ebonakala kwi abameli chordate abangekaphuhli ihlelwe - in cyclostomes. Kwakhona, ukuhamba kwegazi lwenzeka zilandelayo phambili inqanawa ventral, nangasemva - umva.

Inkqubo yegazi ekuyo linesicwangciso noshowo olunye, ubunzima kunye nemfezeko yazo zenzeka ngokuthe ngcembe yokuzivelela. Kodwa asingabo bonke ngokutsha kwindaleko baba aromorphoses, oko kukuthi, utshintsho oluqhubekayo morphological kunye nokomzimba. Xaka ukwanda zombutho okanye isakhiwo ayikwazi kuqwalaselwa phawu phambili iinguqu eziya kwenza isilwanyana, ukuba ifumene ngaphezulu kakhulu. Xa utshintshwano yendaleko le chordates inkqubo yokujikeleza aromorphosis ukuqina yaba uphuhliso wentliziyo abameli kakhulu, kwakunye kukuqinisa umsebenzi wayo kwaye ukuyilwa sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo kwegazi eklasini jawed. Kwakhona aromorphoses ebalulekileyo ingqalelo inguqu iimpahla eziphambili intliziyo esekungcoleni yokumpompoza kunye lwemithambo yegazi esimbaxa e ezirhubuluzayo, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana.

Inkqubo yegazi yezilwanyana uMenzi iimpahla intliziyo negazi. Intliziyo - ilungu umngxuma dystrophy ukuba igazi wokutyibilika ezityeni, afakwe kuyo. Ukusuka kuye onke amalungu la lihamba igazi ngenxa yegazi, kunye namalungu asuka entliziyweni - ngokusebenzisa emithanjeni yakhe. Heart kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo ekuyo kunokuba zombini mono (at cyclostomes) kunye dvukamernym (iintlanzi), zawo ezintathu-(eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, ezirhubuluzayo) kunye-zawo emine (iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo). Ngoko ke, lo owakhiwe kwentliziyo linokumisela iqondo ukutya carcinomas kumzimba kwaye ivumela ukwahlulwa kwizilwanyana poikilothermic kunye izilwanyana ezinegazi elishushu. Xa chordates likumgangatho rhoqo abahlala emanzini, umgaqo elula kwintlangano inkqubo yokujikeleza - it ejikeleza enye. izilwanyana sesivuno kumhlaba kufuna ukutya kakhulu ngakumbi, luphawulwa ukubonakala yokuphefumla yemiphunga, yaye ngenxa yoko, kokuvela kwegazi yesibini, nenoxanduva utshintsho igesi igazi emiphungeni. Inkqubo yegazi izilwanyana kunzima ukuba aququzelele, kunye ukwahlukana ngokupheleleyo kwegazi, oko luphawulwa ngentliziyo-zawo ezine, kunye nokufumaneka sekile ezongezelelweyo, ezifana ngumkhaya, kwaye eyona intliziyo ka Willis isangqa nokuhamba kwegazi.