Ezinemitha ebangwa kukuqhekeka kweathom. izakhiwo Radioactive. radiative uphika

Uphando endle kweenkqubo radioactive namhlanje kuvumela ukuchaza ngokucacileyo enokubakho ingozi zabo. Ukwandiswa spectrum kwezinto zithwele ingozi radioactive, kwanyanzeleka abantu lokucinga zokuhlaziywa kolwabiwo imisebenzi yayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Akwenzeki ukuba ngaphandle izinto zendalo, nayo leyo kuba nefuthe ngqo kwi emzimbeni eziphilayo. Kwangaxeshanye, radioactive materials nemithombo kwahluka enye kwenye, ebangela imfuneko inendlela enomahluko eqhuba ngayo isifundo le magazini.

Yintoni Radioactive?

Zonke izinto eziqulathe kubume yayo xi atom degree ezibalulekileyo, abaya kuthathelwa ingqalelo eqhumayo. Amanqanaba eziyingozi atom kumiselwa imigangatho kwemitha kunye nokhuseleko yenyukliya. Iikhrayitheriya Amanqaku zokulungela iingozi ezinokubakho yosongo yemichiza eziphilayo. Kwakhona, yeyona iphambili inokuba ubukho izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo eqhumayo. Uninzi lwezinto kweli qela liye ngemvelaphi ngumntu, oko kukuthi, bamkelwa ngendlela kuhlelwe. Ngenxa yoko le ngokucandeka chain reaction ye atom kunokwenzeka, ngenxa apho unikezelo lwe izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo kwenzeka. Ngoko, kwi zamandla zezityalo enyukliya equlethe amanzi radioactive okanye sukube medium, ekuqaleni ukuthetha njengesipholisi. Kwakhona, yemisebe ngokwayo luphawulwa umsebenzi aphezulu obushushu, nto leyo eyingozi ngakumbi lombutho zothutho kwezinto radioactive.

radiation radioactive

Ivula imisebenzi radioactive materials kuye kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlangana radiation ithengise ethile nokwadala ngokungqalileyo izinto zendalo. Omnye yemifuniselo yokuqala elolu hlobo, ingakumbi, wabonisa ubuchule ukudlulisa ioksijini iityuwa eqhumayo kwindawo ozone karhulumente, ibangela mnyama kwaye ukuyilwa neentanda ezincinane kweglasi. uphando olunzulu luveze ize yandiswe uluhlu yenkqubo zendalo obandakanya radiation: ionization zezulu, okuvelisa amaza ubushushu, chweba, inyathelo lwekhemikhali, njl Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akusoloko radioactive materials zigqalwa umthombo bokuphela ingozi ... Yemisebe ofanayo uye wafumana indawo yalo mbutho lwegumbi ionization, ukubala scintillation, kwakunye ekusombululeni iingxaki ezithile uzobe olwenziwe ngocoselelo organic yokuqaphela. Uhlaziyo sengqondo jikelele malunga ngumkhuba radioactive lwenzeka ngokwemvelaphi olunzulu ukufunda iinkqubo sesichengeni ionizing endle kwizihlunu eziphilayo.

imithombo radiation

Iingcali Imitha luphawule ukuba inani eliphunguliweyo lweendidi zemithombo ezinjalo. Ngokukodwa, kukho imithombo yendalo, zendalo wengozi. Kwaye phezu kudidi engqongqo zinokudityaniswa kwiqela elinye, njengoko, umzekelo, isithuba radiation elanga ungena kudidi imithombo yendalo. Kodwa radiation yendalo kubandakanya ngokwahlula ngokwamaqela ahlukeneyo. Kakhulu, bona ziyaqondwa njengoko iinkqubo zobugcisa, ukudalwa apho loo ndoda, nokuba bawuphikisa umsebenzi wakhe. imithombo yendalo radioactive kwakhona zifakwe kudidi lwe zendalo, kodwa lo mzekelo mhlawumbi ibhekisa izinto kokusingqongileyo. imithombo ezinjalo izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo radioactive kwi isakhiwo imvelaphi yendalo. Ngokubhekiselele radiation yokuba, loo ukhandwa imingxuma emnyama, pulsars kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi, ezithi zivele kwiinkqubo nokumanyana.

Ukuboniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo radioactive

Exposure inokuba somatic and genetic. Kwimeko yokuqala libekwe kwinkqubo yeengxaki zebhayoloji kumazinga eziliqela. Ingakumbi, le cellular, sub-kumaza kwithishyu. Kodwa ilifa izenzakalo eyintsalela isiphumo radiation somatic ayihambi, ikhowudi yezofuzo alichatshazelwa zofuzo ngesondo. izilonda ezinjalo ubonakala nokunyhashwa lokukhula, buthathaka amajoni omzimba kunye kwesikhumba. ukusebenza Genetic radioactive, phezu koko, kuboniswe kwinqanaba eziphilayo genetic, nokukhuthaza utshintsho izinto amafa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo kukho kwiDNA ukuze kuchaphazela uphuhliso lomzimba.

negalelo elihle

Uphando lubonisa radiation kunye nemiba ezifanelekileyo igalelo kwizihlunu eziphilayo. Elungiselelwe iimfuno zonyango ze-radiation radioactive kuthetha ngeedosi ezincinane zibe nesiphumo iintlungu kwindawo rheumatism kunye sifo. Kwezinye iimeko, kuye wakwazi ukuphumeza isiphumo enyangayo enkulu unyango. Baye iinzame kwimitha kunye nezisombululo efakwa, nto leyo yanceda ukuba ukunciphisa inani leukocytes. Kunjalo, inkoliso yemisebenzi ezisebenzisa radioactive materials ukuba kusendleleni zovavanyo. Nemiphumo emihle sesichengeni nangoku aziqondwa kakuhle ukuvumela nokuhanjiswa ebanzi zindlela unyango.

ukusebenza kwamagciwane

Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubaphandi yokungqubana kuhlala ingxaki yongcoliseko kunye radioactive materials. Eyona engundoqo igalelo kwinkqubo yokwenza izikhululo eziphambili zisebenza kangangeminyaka amafutha enyukliya. amashishini Nuclear processed inkunkuma eqhumayo, ukuqinisekisa angcwatywe. Kodwa hayi ukuphelisa umngcipheko iyanetha neengozi ezibangelwa ukungcolisa ezingalawulekiyo. Umzekelo, igesi carbon dioxide radioactive isoloko isetyenziswa kwi reactor efanayo njengesipholisi. ukusetyenziswa kwayo uyagwetyelwa kwaye ngenxa yeendleko ephantsi, kodwa eliphakathi sukube, njengokuba enjalo, kuba yingozi kakhulu kuqhuma izinto zenyukliya. Ngaphezu kwako ungcoliseko lwengingqi, ukulawula ukuba kukho iindlela ezikhethekileyo yokubulala.

Yintoni into radioactive?

Ukugcinwa radioactive materials kufuna nokudalwa kweziseko ezizodwa. Oku kuquka iipolygons, izityalo processing, amaziko ukugcinwa kunye nokulahlwa izinto eziyingozi enetyhefu. Le izinto radioactive, apho belujolise kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nenkunkuma eyingozi. Kodwa izitishi zamandla zenyukliya nazo zibandakanyiwe kwi qela kwamashishini eqhumayo.

isiphelo

imibutho Environmental kunye noshishino ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezizodwa ukuze kulawulwe inkqubo yokujongana imithombo radiation. Ngokomzekelo, namhlanje iindlela ezifanelekileyo zezityalo-kumjikelo opheleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkampani kwi umthamo zabo benzise inkunkuma eyingozi. Ngelo xesha kukho izinto zendalo eqhumayo rhoqo basebenzisane mntu. Zinelungelo ukukhanya okukuwe imilinganiselo eyamkelekileyo kwaye musa ukumela enobungozi empilweni. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko phakathi ixabiso normative nezibalulekileyo nto ngaso. Xa mveliso efanayo prophylaxis basebenzisa rhoqo izixhobo zokulinganisa yemisebe. La manyathelo ziqukiwe kuluhlu imithetho yempilo nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi.