Inkqubo yegazi of lomsundulu: inkcazelo, isakhiwo neempawu

ntshulube Annelid - phantse iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ephakamileyo, free-abahlala emhlabeni, ulwandle kunye namanzi acocekileyo. Olu hlobo worm na umbutho esimbaxa ngaphezu ziintshulube okanye iflethi.

Xa iimpethu uhlobo engqongwe okokuqala kubonakala kwisisu lesibini, inkqubo yonikezelo igazi eziququzelelwe kakhulu kwaye luvo.

Lomsundulu: isakhiwo

In cross-icandelo umzimba kakhulu setyhula. Ubude avareji - malunga nama-30 cm siyahlukana ziqwempu 150-180, okanye inxalenye .. Belt, leyo wesithathu phambi umzimba, yenza umsebenzi wayo kwisithuba msebenzi ngesondo (lomsundulu - Italasi). Ngomhla emacaleni ziqwempu ezine ezifumaneka nzima amancinci aphuhliswe kakuhle. Baya kuba negalelo ukubana yomzimba umbungu kaThixo emhlabeni.

Umbala limhlophe ithole mdaka, yaye ngesisu elula kancinane umva.

nokuswela yemvelo

Inkqubo yegazi kukuba zonke izilwanyana, ukususela vtorichnopolostnyh annelids. Kuye kwasekwa ngenxa yokwanda komsebenzi ngobomi (xa kuthelekiswa, umzekelo, flatworms). Ubomi ityhalela rhoqo kufuna umsebenzi dystrophy oluzinzileyo unamandla, nto leyo ebangela imfuneko ukunyusa iiseli zabonelelwa oksijini kunye nezondlo, nto leyo iya kucaca igazi.

Yintoni inkqubo yokujikeleza le lomsundulu? Kwemithambo ezimbini eziphambili - emqolo esiswini. Xa kwilungu ngalinye phakathi imithambo ezivavanyiweyo looped impahla. Kwezi, ezinye anquma kancinane kwaye wambu kwezihlunu kwezihlunu. Kwezi mpahla, ukwenza umsebenzi wentliziyo, izihlunu, ukusika, ihlaba igazi ibe kwemithambo esiswini. Ring "intliziyo" yokufikelela kwemithambo spinal kufuneka kwezivalo ezizodwa musa ukunika igazi ukuhamba ngendlela engalunganga ukuya. Zonke iimpahla zahlulwe zibe womnatha enkulu emithanjeni zintle. Oksijini kubo livela emoyeni kwaye asemathunjini ukufunxa izondlo. Emithanjeni izinto esiqwini kwezihlunu, nika icarbon dioxide kunye nemveliso yokubola.

lomsundulu inkqubo yokujikeleza ivaliwe, njengoko ixesha intshukumo singaxubeki kwisisu fluid. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba ngokuphawulekayo ukwandisa izinga ukutya. Izilwanyana ezingenazo inkqubo lokumpompa igazi, shushu ngezantsi kabini.

Inkqubo kwegazi of lomsundulu

Nutrients ukuba xa owawanyayo intshukumo umbungu emathunjini, isasazwe ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokujikeleza usenziwa kakuhle.

Iwawo kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba olu hlobo silwanyana. Ngaphezulu nangaphantsi amathumbu kunye umzimba wonke sizizitya. Isitya wayedlula ngasemva, ifakwe izihlunu. Yena, zincipha, bazolulela, lihlangana pushes igazi ukusuka ngasemva ukuya phambi komzimba. Ezi ziqwempu ngaphambili (kwezinye iintlobo ziimpethu ngu 7-11, y ezinye - 7-13) isitya emide ukuya ngasemva, iye ingxelo kunye ngababini eziliqela lemigqomo ukwandisa ezinqamlezayo ukuya ezinkulu (idla 5-7). Inkqubo yegazi of lomsundulu ezi mpahla kulingisa iintliziyo. Izihlunu baye unamandla kakhulu ngaphezu enye, ngoko ke intloko kwinkqubo yonke.

features ezisebenzayo

Umsebenzi kwegazi ye lomsundulu iyafana imisebenzi ekuyo hemodynamics. Igazi ephuma entliziyweni, yeyela isitya ibekwe kwisisu. Kuyinto intshukumo ukuya ekupheleni ngasemva iiseli worm. Kwi indlela yayo eli gazi athwala izakhi ezityeni ezincinane, ibekwe ezindongeni iiseli. Ngexesha lokufikisa, ukungena nokuphuma igazi kunye zangasese.

Ubume kwegazi ye lomsundulu kukuba mpahla yelungu ngalinye lihamba kungena ngcanjana zincinane. Igazi kula kwemali ezityeni elahliweyo phesheya engundoqo, igazi aqukuqela ukusuka apho ukuya kwemithambo amaphiko. Izihlunu sele yonke imithambo yegazi, nokuba zincinane. Oku kukuvumela igazi angaxingi, ingakumbi kwimiphetho kwinkqubo yonikezelo igazi lalo hlobo annelid.

amathumbu

Kule yinxalenye yomzimba kwale ntshulube kukho capillary plexus ingakumbi ashinyeneyo. Kubonakala ekuthetheni emathunjini. Inxalenye emithanjeni kuzisa izondlo, enye inxalenye kubathwala wonke umzimba. Izihlunu imithambo yegazi ezingqonge emathunjini ngayo lolu hlobo annelid, kungekhona nje Ndisomelele isitya amanakani okanye intliziyo.

ukwakheka igazi

Inkqubo yegazi of lomsundulu elibomvu komso. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba into egazini ayafana kubume imichiza ukuya ngehemoglobin, igazi engena nokwakheka ekuyo. Umahluko ifumaneka ukuba ezi izinto zifumaneka plasma (inxalenye ulwelo zesakhiwo yegazi) ezidityanisiweyo kunye hayi egazi. kanye igazi lomsundulu - iiseli ngaphandle umbala, kweentlobo eziliqela. Bafana ngokokwakheka ukuba iiseli ezingenambala ezakha igazi ekuyo.

Zokuthutha iiseli oxygen

Iiseli oxygen ezingahlali yokuphefumla kudluliselwa ngehemoglobin. Igazi worms into efanayo kumafa, nayo kuzisa mpilo kuzo zonke izihlunu zomzimba. Umahluko kuphela kukuba iimpethu zemigudu kungabikho. Bona "uphefumlela ngaphakathi 'yaye' uwukhuphe 'bomhlaba yomzimba.

I protective film obhityileyo (Ulobuza) ulusu kunye epithelia kwale ntshulube kunye nothungelwano ulusu high capillary iqinisekisa ukufakwa ezilungileyo oksijini evela emoyeni. spider Capillary mkhulu kangangokuba kukho nkqu epithelium. Ngenxa yoko, igazi onqumla izitya umzimba Udonga kunye neempahla ezinqamlezayo kwisiteshi engundoqo ye esiqwini, ukuze umzimba wakho uphela ukhanyiselekile ahlanganiswe oksijini. Obomvu nombala kulo mzimba woku ntlobo engqongwe ibe womnatha enkulu capillary eludongeni.

Apha kufuneka uqaphele ukuba obhityileyo umboniso esigquma umzimba lomsundulu (Ulobuza), ngokulula kakhulu utyebile. Ngoko ke, mpilo uyapheliswa yokuqala utsalela phantsi amathontsi amanzi, ezingenziwa epithelium cutaneous. Kulo kulandela ukuba ulusu kufuneka uhlale ufumile. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kucace ukuba ukufuma kokusingqongileyo - yinto ebalulekileyo ebomini ezi zilwanyana.

Nditsho yokoma nakancinane ulusu ayeke ukuphefumla. Kuba inkqubo yokujikeleza lomsundulu engazisi iiseli ioksijini. Akuzange kube kudala kakhulu kungaba sisinde kwiimeko ezinjalo, besebenzisa imithombo yamanzi zasekhaya. amadlala Rescue ibekwe esikhumbeni. Xa imeko iba ngokwenene lomsundulu etsolo iqala ukuba alahle kulwelo kwisisu, izahlulo vybryzgivaya oko ukususela ngoko ibekwe ngasemva.

Yokucola ukutya nokulwa luvo

yimisundululu wokugaya iquka foregut, phakathi nangesemva. Ngenxa imfuneko ukuze uphile esebenzayo ngakumbi inkqubo yokucola of yimisundululu zimkile kwizigaba ezininzi ukuphuculwa. Xa wokugaya kwabonakala amasebe, iyileyo ndakutywina umsebenzi okhethekileyo.

Eyona umzimba nkqubo - wamathumbu. Yahlulahlulwe yaba kwisisu ngomlomo, pharynx, kuvuleke iminxunya, isisu (umzimba dystrophy), isiqu kunye Amathumbu angasemva, ezimpundu.

In emphinjeni nasemqaleni kwamadlala imibhobho yokuphuma ukuba abe nempembelelo ukusunduza ukutya. Ukutya midgut kusetyenzwa iikhemikhali kunye nemveliso ukwetyisa iye yangena egazini. Zeentsalela ngaphandle nge empundwini.

Lonke Ubude impethu ithole ukusuka peritoneum udlula nemithambo intambo. Ngenxa yoko, esinye nganye uphuhliso yayo le amaqhuma luvo. Phambi intambo-luvo yi ibhulorho thunzi eziquka iindawo ezimbini enxibeleleneyo. Ibizwa ngokuba ngu-ring-luvo peripharyngeal. It zohlukana kunxibelelwano kwalapho wonke umzimba.

Sokugaya, inkqubo yokujikeleza kunye ukoyika lomsundulu inzima kakhulu, ngenxa nenkqubela lonke uhlobo annelids. Ngoko ke, ukuba ubunokumthelekisa nezinye iintlobo ziimpethu, baba nhlengeletano kakhulu.