Ingqiqo kwaye umbutho inshorensi

Iinkampani ze-inshorensi (insurer) - ezi zifundo ze umsebenzi yorhwebo, leyo ukukhusela umdla abantu inshorensi, ukubuyekeza kubo umonakalo eziphathekayo xa umcimbi inshorensi. Imisebenzi ye-inshorensi kulawulwa yimithetho ezikhethekileyo yaye kubekwe esweni nabalawuli. ERashiya, komlawuli enjalo enza i-Central Bank.

imigaqo yokhuseleko

Kulo naliphi na ilizwe, umbutho inshorensi lusekelwe kwiinqobo ezithile, ukwenza ngempumelelo imisebenzi yabo. Zezi:

• liphethwe loovimba-inshorensi;
• ekwenzeni liabilities-inshorensi;
• kwegciwane loovimba-inshorensi zamatyala inshorensi.

Ukuze kuphunyezwe ezi zinto, i-inshorensi unyanzelekile ukuba ukuhlolisisa zonke iingozi ingenzeka yamabango ezithile inshorensi.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi-inshorensi kwicala yeinshorensi owenza izibalo. Kwezinye iimeko, urhulumente iyangenelela mbutho inshorensi. It ithobelana nemigaqo ngasentla kunye noshishino inshorensi lokwakha kumazwe amaninzi.

Njani na ishishini inshorensi

Lo mthetho umisela ukuba mxholo umsebenzi nangoko umbutho inshorensi inokuba inshorensi okanye reinsurance. Uluhlu iintlobo zeenkonzo inshorensi ezidweliswe kwi-mvume, elikhutshwa ngurhulumente. Ukuba le polisi engazifezekisi iimfanelo zalo okanye uzalisekisa kubo engafanelekanga, ilayisenisi yakhe ingarhoxiswa, umbutho ulahlekelwa ilungelo ukubonelela ngeenkonzo inshorensi, nakuba kunjalo, akuthethi kuthi xanduva lwalo ukuthobela izibophelelo inshorensi kucingelwa ngaphambili.

A lot of inshorensi asebenza kwintsimi enye kwezoqoqosho, benza market insurance, ekukhuseleni kubantu ngabanye, amashishini karhulumente kwakunye nawabucala, amaziko zemali.

Types of iinkampani ze-inshorensi

Kwilizwe lethu, iinkampani ze-inshorensi inokuba kumashishini abucala okanye karhulumente. Iinkokeli okukhulu imarike insurance ziimali kumhlalaphantsi nakwiingxowa-mali ye-inshorensi yoluntu, nto leyo eba yonke iminikelo olusisinyanzelo abemi zokusebenza. Iinkampani ze-inshorensi zabucala wabumba nge mali esuka kubantu abazimeleyo okanye amaziko emali.

Ifomu eyodwa umsebenzi iinkampani ezininzi inshorensi zabucala uphinde a KaLloyd. Lo umbutho iinkampani zabucala inshorensi inshorensi ishishini jikelele ye-inshorensi kunye reinsurance. Akha ekuthiwa kakuhle kangangokuba esebenza kule mini, elisikhusela zombane ezincinane indlu imikhumbi emikhulu.

inshorensi Voluntary neyimfuneko

Okwangoku, imarike inshorensi lonke ukuba kalukhuni yahlulwe:

• Iinkonzo inshorensi ezinikwe ngokuzithandela;
• inshorensi, kulawulwa ngumthetho.

Ngaba ibe yodwa kwaye umba wesithathu inkampani yeinshorensi, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "reinsurance" okanye ukwahlulwa-inshorensi liability phakathi mibutho mibini okanye ngaphezulu. Olu hlobo ukhuseleko ubutyala kubandakanya ukwabiwa kwiintlawulo zemali kunokwenzeka phakathi inshorensi eziliqela. imibutho inshorensi Insurance ikuvumela ukuhambisa iintlawulo ukuhlangabezana neemfanelo zabo ngaphandle umonakalo kakhulu kwimeko yayo zemali.

Ukuba uyazithobela inshorensi urhwebo kunye nemigaqo sele waqinisekisa inzuzo ethile, umbutho ukhuseleko loluntu ilawulwa ngci ngurhulumente. Makhe zama ukujongana nezo iintlobo-inshorensi, ezo ezifunekayo ngokwemigaqo yomthetho.

inshorensi enyanzelekileyo

State yenza uhlobo oluthile inshorensi mandatory ngokwesiseko ukhuseleko lwabantu okanye amaqumrhu lwezoshishino sizibandakanya umdla karhulumente. umbutho enyanzelekileyo inshorensi olungagqibekanga lunikeza izilangazelelo ngabemi, bavakalisa kuMgaqo-siseko. Kuqeqesho kukhangeleka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• wonke ummi unelungelo lokuba imisebenzi endilisekileyo - ukuthi ukwenza inshorensi nxamnye iingozi emsebenzini;
• wonke umntu unelungelo lokuhamba - nokuqinisekisa kule - imigaqo-nkqubo ye-inshorensi MTPL enyanzelekileyo, eqinisekisa kungenelwe amaqela achaphazelekayo wesithathu;
• wonke umntu unelungelo lokuba kukhathalelo lwempilo - lo mthetho yomelezwa inshorensi enyanzelekileyo-mali ye-Inshorensi Social eliqinisekisa iintlawulo inshorensi Kwimeko yokugula;
• Abemi banelungelo kwiminyaka enesidima ubudala - unoxanduva kule ngxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi.

Imisebenzi ye-inshorensi malunga nokuphunyezwa kwe-inshorensi esisinyanzelo esekelwe kwimithetho nemimiselo ethile, leyo wawuthi:

• izinto apho olu hlobo inshorensi efunekayo;
• izingxobo-inshorensi, eziquka intlawulo ubuncinane olusisinyanzelo inshorensi kunye mali ngokomthetho ubuninzi yokuhlawula-inshorensi;
• imisebenzi kunye namalungelo policyholders kunye nabantu inshorensi.

inshorensi esisinyanzelo ne-inshorensi

Lo mthetho inika uluhlu lwemibutho ukuba banelungelo ukuqhuba ishishini inshorensi kwi-sikhokelo ye-inshorensi enyanzelekileyo. ezinye iinkampani ze-inshorensi wadala ngokusekelwe karhulumente (Pension Fund, Fund Insurance Social). Ezinye inshorensi banelungelo lokwenza imisebenzi kwinkalo ye-inshorensi enyanzelekileyo (CTP, umzekelo).

Ukulawula iindawo ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni amalungelo abemi bayo, urhulumente imisebenzi ezimbini:

• Oku kunciphisa iminikelo sokuqala, ukwenza inshorensi enyanzelekileyo efikelelekayo ngabemi abaninzi kweli lizwe;
• Liqinisekisa Ukuhlanganisa ubuninzi inshorensi izifundo, ukwenza intlangano ye zentlalo iindleko-olusebenzayo ukhuseleko kunye ngokwemali self-ngokwaneleyo.

Cinga ngendlela inshorensi basebenza kwinkalo ye-inshorensi enyanzelekileyo. imizekelo ezaziwa oku kusebenza Pension Fund kunye FSS.

Umbutho i-inshorensi izimali zoMbuso

pension umbutho inshorensi kwilizwe lethu isekelwe phezu ngokuncedisana kweenkqubo ezimbini eziphambili:

• yezomhlaba abe nathi njengoko ilifa eSoviet Union;
• siqu, nto leyo inomsebenzisi omtsha yokugqibela iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu.

Xa inkqubo edibeneyo, ummi ngamnye umrhumo ehlawulwa kwi-mali jikelele ye Pension Fund. Emva koko, ke kuhlawulwa imali, kuxhomekeka omkhulu yeemeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nabanye. Nangona elula, inkqubo ubunye kukhokelele kwinto yokuba abantu abaye basebenza iminyaka emihlanu, kunye nekota yenkulungwane eneneni waqala ukufumana imali ye pension efanayo.

Ngaphandle egalitarianism ezinjalo, watyhila enye inkqubo yamanyama ethile: intswelo ebalulekileyo ye Pension Fund. Ukulungelelanisa mali yomhlalaphantsi, urhulumente wagqiba ukwazisa wena a ubhaliso imali yomhlala phantsi. Wonke ummi, kuxhomekeke kwingeniso yabo utsala ipesenti ethile kwi akhawunti yakho yomhlalaphantsi yakho, njenge ifakwe kwibhanki, naphezu afikelele iminyaka yomhlalaphantsi ufumana umhlala-phantsi walo.

inshorensi yezempilo

Umbutho-inshorensi yempilo esisinyanzelo ngokusekelwe iminikelo PAYG ezifunyenweyo. Wonke ummi utsala kwingeniso yabo ipesenti ethile imali kwi-mali yokhuseleko loluntu. Kwezi mali ezihlawulwa kuye "abagulayo" njengoko intlawulo umvuzo ngenxa yokugula. FSS nayo benza intlawulo 'alibhekiseli "kwaye iintlawulo balondolozelwe kuzo abantwana abancinane. Le ngxowa-mali efanayo lulungisa iindleko ngenxa yokukhubazeka okubangelwa ngengozi ukuziphatha zomsebenzi oqeqeshelweyo. Ukuba abemi ufuna ukufumana imbuyekezo kakhulu - umzekelo, ukuba kuzihlawula iindleko zonyango, umsebenzi ngotyando, - iinkonzo zabo inshorensi yonyango Voluntary.

insurance liability

inshorensi Ubutyala - na uhlobo olunye yokhuseleko yamaxhoba. peculiarity yayo siyifumana into yokuba ikhontrakthi inshorensi i-inshorensi ze bagqibe umnini nepolisi ye-inshorensi. Iintlawulo nazo kolu hlobo inshorensi ufumana wesithathu, umntu owenzakeleyo. Umzekelo classic yipolisi CTP liability insurance.

CTP libandakanywe inshorensi ngomthetho ngenxa yomonakalo obangelwe amaqela esithathu ngenxa kwingozi yemoto.

umbutho liability insurance siyifumana kuburhulumente msebenzi ezo inshorensi abanelungelo kuyo. Le inani ubuncinane kwiintlawulo ekuqaleni kunye imali ubuninzi kulawulwa ngumthetho. Urhulumente kwakhona unalo ilungelo lokumisela oko kuya imbuyekezo njani umonakalo - ngemali okanye uhlobo, nokujonga imisebenzi insurer.