Indlela ukufumanisa foetal RH factor?

Kokumitha nokuzalwa komntwana - inkqubo imincili kakhulu kwaye kakhulu. Lonke lokukhulelwa, iingcali zempilo (perinatology, gynecologists) iliso uluhlu lwezalathisi uze uvavanye izinto okuluphawu imeko impilo kamama nomntwana nokuphuhlisa. Enye inkomba injalo Rhesus factor olungekazalwa.

Yintoni RH factor

Phantsi le ngcamango kufihla iproteni okhethekileyo uhlala phezu kwamanzi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Abantu abaninzi (malunga nama-85%), lo iproteni kukuthi, kutheni ibizwa ngokuba RH HIV. I-15% yabemi hlabathi zobumnyama balo eli protini akakho. Aba bantu zithathwa RH-negative. Sikubeka ngamanye amagama, i-RH factor - yenye iimpawu ezininzi ngumzimba igazi, leyo alunasiphumo kwi kwimpilo yabantu.

Xa kubalulekile nje?

Kukho iimeko xa bazi RH wayo usinika oko kuyimfuneko. Okokuqala, kubalulekile xa kuthe kwiimeko ezifuna ukutofelwa igazi. Okwesibini, ukulungiselela utyando nayo ibandakanya ulwazi ngalo mba. Okwesithathu, kubalulekile ukwazi iziqhamo RH-njengomncedisi xa uceba ukukhulelwa kunye nomntwana ukuzalwa. Kulo mzekelo meko kakhulu eyingozi xa umama okhulelweyo RH elibi kwaye umntwana okhulayo uye igazi entle. Apha iyavakala ukuthetha malunga RH-ungquzulwano.

Kakuhle eli "ingxabano"

Makhe sithi umntu wasetyhini of RH ezimbi-igazi kunye uyise elizayo RH-HIV. Amathuba yophuhliso ungquzulwano kulo mzekelo kuqikelelwa 50 ukuya ku-50 Kwanele, ngoko ke le meko kufuneka ibe phantsi iingcali kolawulo olungqongqo.

Phantsi olu khetho kwi abazali elizayo umntwana ilifa RH uyise ezintle. Ngokusebenzisa ngumkhaya igazi iiseli zosana obomvu angangena igazi sikanina, kwaye iza kutolikwa umzimba ngolwasemzini, ukuba uya kuvuselela inkqubo yakhe omzimba ukuba ukhuphe izilwa-ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu wosana. Kwiimeko kakhulu, umntwana ezisongela ubomi, ngoko ukuqhuba lihlaziya foetal RH factor - ke anike itakane ithuba ukuzalwa besempilweni.

symptomatology

Into ekufuneka uyazi RH ngumba womntwana elizayo? Zonke izifundo eziyimfuneko, mama elizayo okanye ngokupheleleyo ukuphelisa ithuba kwembambano, kwaye abanye uya kuzala umntwana ophilileyo, okanye uyazi ngale ngxaki aze athathe onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuze azale umntwana onempilo.

Noko ke, ukuze umzimba ababhinqileyo omdala zonke iinkqubo ezinxulumene nale hlobo impixano, ningathwali izoyikiso okanye ingozi kwaye kungabikho zimpawu. Ngoxa umntwana, le meko ukuze kube yintlekele.

Iimpawu Owoyikekayo iingxaki kunye RH-njengomncedisi yenza kube lula ukubona ultrasound olungekazalwa. Kuya kubakho abonakale, kunye ukugcwala fluid kwiindawo apho kufuneka ibe oko, ehleliyo ekufukukeni apho: nokuphosa umntwana, zibe zivunywa (Buddha ukuma).

Ukuqokelela imiqulu amakhulu ulwelo kwandisa lwesisu lo mntwana, atsho ukuba ukunyibilikisa imilenze ecaleni. Xa ultrasonography ne linokuba eliphezulu iza kuba zibonakale double yintloko usana wesiphaluka, ebonisa ubukho nokudumba. Hayi ubukhulu placental Kulungile kwaye ububanzi we umthambo intambo yosana.

Yonke le miqondiso alatha kuphuhliso ungquzulwano phakathi umama nosana kwaye kufuneka ibe inkuthazo ukufumana Rhesus yano umntwana ongekazalwa.

Izigqibo RH ngumba igazi koomama yomntwana

izixhobo zonyango Modern yenza kube lula ukufumana phandle i factor engekazalwa Rhesus kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, ukuqala ngo-10 iiveki.

Kakuhle eli ndlela ilandelayo. Xa unina elizayo wenza ucingo igazi lwemithambo. Imela ngaphandle ukusuka DNA umntwana ongekazalwa. Ngaphezu koko, le DNA liphandisisiwe ubukho kuyo RhD gene (RH). Ukuba inkqubo lamaqhosha zophando RH into zifunyanwa, siya kucinga ukuba umntu olandelayo RH HIV. Ukuba ngamaqhekeza enjalo DNA ye umntwana akakho - oko kuthetha ukuba usana yesazisi ezimbi-RH.

Iveliswe ukuzimisela ngexesha rhesus ezingekazalwa kuvumela ixesha ukuqalisa amanyathelo othintelo, utyhala ukuvela RH-impixano ukuya kumhla kamva kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukunciphisa umonakalo kwimpilo yomntwana.

Le ndlela ithathwa ngokuba non-invasive kwaye aliyi kwamkela naziphi na isoyikiso ngobomi impilo kamama nomntwana. Kodwa ke, mvanje, ukuze simazi RH ngumba olungekazalwa kunokuba kuphela ekufundweni villi ngumkhaya okanye igazi othatyathwe umntwana Esibelekweni. Ezi ntlobo iinkqubo (amniocentesis, cordocentesis) ithathwa ezonakalisayo kunye kuphela iimeko zonyango engqongqo kunokubangela ukuqeshwa kwabo.

amniocentesis

Ukuba kuthe kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuqinisekisa imeko kumntwana kukho umbuzo ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi, ukujonga ukuba izixa-foetal RH into, iingcali unako ukunikela amniocentesis, nto leyo okuhlatywa of imifinya ngenjongo yokuthatha fluid zophando kwi ngomxholo yibilirubin kuzo. Eli nani luphawu ngokuchanileyo imeko wosana.

Nangona kunjalo, abasetyhini kufuneka bazi ukuba le nkqubo nto anobungozi. Kusoloko kukho amathuba zokugula fluid. Kwakhona ukuvuza kunokwenzeka kolwelo ngaphandle inwebu, isenzeko ukopha. Ukumiselwa kwe Rhesus factor mbungu ngu amniocentesis kunokubangela abruption placental ekuqaleni.

Le nkqubo iya kulawulwa kwiimeko apho antibodies RH into seyinikiwe egazini sikanina kunye neziqulatho zazo (titer) yi 1:16 yaye lo mfazi sele umntwana kunye nesifo hemolytic usana (HDN) ngendlela kakhulu.

cordocentesis

kwazi njani mna RH ngumba olungekazalwa usebenzisa le ndlela? Undoqo kukuba wenza okuhlatywa, iisampulu igazi yenziwa ukuba ukuqhuba uphando kwi imfesane yosana. Ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela kwinqanaba yibilirubin imiselwe ngokuchanekileyo ngaphezu yi amniocentesis. Igazi baby kwakhona avelisa usebenzisa le ndlela.

Cordocentesis naye anobungozi kwaye kunokubangela zonke iingxaki okufana amniocentesis. Ukongeza, ukuyilwa hematoma kwi imfesane yosana, ezinokukwazi uphazamise exchange eqhelekileyo kwezinto phakathi unina kunye nomntwana.

Icacisa factor Palsy rhesus kunye nokusetyenziswa cordocentesis yesitshixo sele inikezelwe xa umxholo antibodies ngokwesahlulo 1:32, ubukho abantwana abanengxaki kwempixano-uhlobo intloko ebuhlungu okanye wafa kwimiphumo RH ingxabano.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba kunyanga ungquzulwano rhesus amabhinqa akhulelweyo

Unyango, Kakade ke, kunokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, indlela kakhulu, unika isiphumo isebenzayo ngumntwana igazi. Inkqubo phakathi iingcali njengento eyingozi kakhulu, kodwa iphucula kakhulu imeko ndoda elizayo, kwaye ngezinga eliphezulu lilonke kwenza kube lula ukuba ukuphepha ukunikezelwa kwexesha.

Ngaphambili kwakukho nezinye iindlela ezithandwayo unyango, nto leyo ke akazange ukunika isiphumo enyangayo amanyala kunye ingqalelo abasakhasayo okanye angabi ngokupheleleyo. ndlela ziquka ulusu grafts ukusuka kumama elizayo indoda yakhe, plasmapheresis, njl

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuba RH ngumba olungekazalwa kunye nonina yenza kube lula ukwenza une Rhesus-impixano, ukhetho ukugqitywa yeyona inokwenzeka ngempumelelo ukukhulelwa nokuzalwa kosana nempilo ukufumana phantsi kweliso ziingcali zonyango, yaye ukuzaliseka yonke imiyalelo yazo kunye nezabelo.

Rhesus kongquzulwano kunye nonikezelo

Xa umbuzo ukuba akwazi ukubeka indlela foetal RH into, yasonjululwa, kwaye kukho iseti impixano, kubalulekile xa ekhulelwe yexesha emzimbeni sikanina. Iingcali zithi kamsinyane oku kuyenzeka, kokukhona iingxaki kwakunye nezigulo zokukhulelwa kwiincwadi kuya kuqhubeka khona.

Isizathu soku kukuba ifuthe RH-ungquzulwano oluhlala phezu kwexesha. Ngoko ke, kuninzi iimeko, nokukhulelwa, iingcali Siyaleza ukugqiba kuhlelwa njengokuzalwa lokuzalwa.

Oogqirha zonke iindlela ezikhoyo esweni imeko umntwana ngokusekelwe ingcaciso ayifumene isigqibo nokuba nokuqhubekeka ukukhulelwa okanye usana ukuba azalwe phambili ekhuselekileyo kancinci ixesha kuyimfuneko. ukuzala Natural kwiimeko ezinjalo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kuthe umntwana ikwimeko encomekayo akukho ezinye iingxaki. Xa inkqubo yokuphuhlisa oogqirha nabasebenzi esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo imeko umntwana xa kukho naziphi na izinto nzima ukuzala, kwenziwe isigqibo sokuba kubekho a uqhaqho. Kuba le ngxaki ethile olu khetho kucingwa ukuziswa kakhulu mnene.