Imbali ephilayo Russia

Kulungile, ngubani na ongathanda cartoons? Ke kaloku, le mboni liqulunqe onjalo kangangokuba le khathuni ukuba ezikhethekileyo neziphumo kunye nemizobo, ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukukhumbula abasele "flat" movie osezantsi ezisemgangathweni achazwa, ngaphandle zonke iintlobo iziqhamo, ezifana, 3D. abantwana Namhlanje uya kuze baqonde ukuba ithetha ntoni kubalinganiswa zekhathuni ngodongwe malunga unomyayi kunye sisi intsingiselo cartoons ezilula ezimfutshane ngeentyatyambo buphelile kwaye kancinane lemvula amazwi abalinganiswa, kodwa malunga filmstrips nto ukuba bathi!

Imbali oopopayi - inyathelo elinye movie, kuba le khathuni ekuqaleni babegqalwa kinozhanrov eyahlukileyo. Ngoko kwenzeka nangona ukuba cartoons movie azixhaphakanga kunokuba ngestibhiya.

Iikhathuni sembethe Joseph Plateau

Njengazo naziphi na ezinye imbali, imbali oopopayi kunye oopopayi iye amahla nezimbi, inkqubela mihla le nangenxa yokudodobala elide. Nakuba kunjalo, i mhaka liselikho umdla imveliso khathuni kwakhiwa phantse rhoqo kwaye iqhubela phambili noko kude kube ngoku. Imbali ukuvela oopopayi ezinxulumene igama sisazinzulu Belgian Joseph Plateau. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba 1832 udale yokudlala ebizwa stroboscope. Akuthandeki ukuba abantwana bethu baqalisa ukudlala yokudlala ehlabathini namhlanje, kodwa abantwana abanjalo zokuzonwabisa ngenkulungwane ye-19 yaba abangayithandiyo. Kwi flat disc busetyenzisiwe umzobo, umzekelo ihashe esebenzayo (njengokuba ihewu), kunye bit elandelayo ezahlukeneyo kowangaphambili, oko kukuthi ukulandelelana imizobo ebonisa izenzo isilwanyana kwindawo jump. Xa disk ujikeleza, umbono umfanekiso ezihambayo.

Uphinda-phindo lokuqala

Kodwa akukho nokuba nzima uYosefu Plateau ukuphucula ufakelo yayo, ukwakha ikhathuni yinxalenye yena akuphumelelanga. Wanika indlela eya Frenchman Emilyu Reyno, owadala isixhobo efanayo ebizwa praxinoscope, olu sapho lwaluquka itankana isale nayo enjengeendlela eyongezelelweyo njengoko stroboscope.

Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa imbali uphiliso. Sele ngenkulungwane ye-17 emva kwexesha, isiFrentshi waseka kwiholo encinane enombala, apho wababonisa yonke ukubenza ntetho ehlekisayo imizuzu eli-15 ubude. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, isityalo yatshintshwa ukongeza inkqubo yezibuko kunye nezibane, leyo, Kakade, izise ihlabathi nempembelelo zomlingo ezinjalo, njenge ikhathuni.

Upopayi yokuqala yobomi bakhe baqhubeka ukuphuhlisa eFransi, kunye yemidlalo cinema. Famous umlawuli Emil Köl zolinganiso edumileyo ukurhoxisa ngomdlalo, kodwa ikhathuni bambamba kwakhona, yaye ngowe-1908 wathi "ipeyintwe" ikhathuni yakhe yokuqala. Ukuphumeza ngokoqobo, kohl wasebenzisa imifanekiso kunye uhlikihlo izinto ukusuka kwindalo, kodwa umntwana wakhe ngakumbi efana incwadi lihlekisayo eshukumayo, kunokuba kwi ifilimu.

Choreographer le yeqonga - umseki ephilayo Russia

Ke zona iinkokheli Russian entsimini izithombe, ke idluliselwe kumntu ikhathuni kwinqanaba entsha, ngoku indima yabalinganiswa baba iphaphethi. Ngoko ke ikhathuni zazingenela yadalwa 1906, apho baqalisa imbali oopopayi in Russian. Alexander Shiryaev, ibhaleyi mongameli Mariinsky Theatre, iye yaba ikhathuni, isenzo apho abantu 12 babe oonodoli ukudanisa.

movie emfutshane makarekhodwe ifilimu ububanzi 1.5 cm, yayingumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Ngenxa iinyanga ezintathu, Alexander wabaleka kwikhamera kanye ingxelo awayesoloko ukuba nkqu atyabukile umngxuma emgangathweni. Dolls ziye Shiryaev nje ukuhamba phezu komhlaba ezifana iziporho, ukuba usaphila, ukutsiba, ujikeleza emoyeni kwaye enze intshukumo engakholelekiyo. mbali ezaziwayo kunye multipliers namanje baqhekeka imfihlelo kwalo msebenzi abalinganiswa. Nantoni na nithi, yaye imbali basekhaya oopopayi - yinto enzima kakhulu, ngoko musa akusoloko nkqu iingcali eziphambili ayikwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo imigaqo yokusebenza kwisixhobo.

Vladislav Starevich - "nomlinganiswa" eliqaqambileyo oopopayi Russian

Imbali kophiliso ezinxulumene amagama oosonzululwazi isiFrentshi nabalawuli. Vladislav Starevich kanye 'izimvu black "phakathi bolunye uhlanga, kuba ngowe-1912 yena weza yokwenene 3D-oopopayi! Hayi, imbali oopopayi Russian akakafiki kwinqanaba apho abantu smart ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukunxiba iindondo ezizodwa, le ndoda yenza unopopi ikhathuni elide. Kwaba mnyama namhlophe, engaqhelekanga kwaye eyoyikisayo, kuba ukwenza lalihamba enzima umlinganiswa ezintle ngezandla zakhe.

Le khathuni ngokuba "Mhle Lyukanida, okanye War of njengexhama kunye barbel", i umdla kakhulu kukuba Vladislav Starevich wasebenzisa isinambuzane emsebenzini wakhe, ekube Akumangalisi, njengoko wayeyoliswa kakhulu ezi zidalwa. Kwaba nale ndoda yaqala ikhathuni kunye nentsingiselo, kuba Starevich wayevakalelwa ukuba umboniso kufuneka nje ukonwabisa, kodwa ukuba ezinye uhlobo subtext. Kwaye ngenene, iifilimu bakhe akhulelwa njengoko abathile tutorials phezu biology le isinambuzane, akazange alindele lingabali, nto leyo eya kudala umsebenzi wobugcisa.

enye kuphela "Lyukanide" Starevich akazange ayeke, kamva wadala le khathuni yeentsomi, ngoku baza baqalisa ukuba zifane uhlobo lwamagama ano- namabali.

schedule Soviet

Imbali oopopayi yiSoviet yaqala ngo-1924, xa namhlanje studio abangafunwayo "Kultkino" ezimbalwa amagcisa Ndivelise inani enkulu ikhathuni animated. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho "Ishishini German kunye nemicimbi", "eSoviet Toys", "Isehlo eTokyo" kunye nabanye. Izinga nokudalwa enye khathuni yandiswa ngokubonakalayo ukuba animators angaphambili iinyanga ukuba iprojekthi enye, ngoku wanciphiswa kwisithuba seeveki-3 (ngamaxesha ambalwa ngaphezulu). Oku kwenziwa ngenxa impumelelo ubugcisa. Amagcisa baye iipateni tyaba, leyo konga ixesha kwaye kwenza inkqubo wokudala movie yatya ixesha elininzi. Animation ngexesha banika ihlabathi inani enkulu cartoons ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu kungekuphela eRashiya kodwa ehlabathini lonke.

Alexander Ptushko

Lo mntu kwakhona negalelo kuphuhliso oopopayi yethu. Xa imfundo yena wezakhiwo kwaye iye yasebenza entsimini ngezobunjineli. Kodwa xa efika kwi "Mosfilm", ndaqonda ukuba indalo iphaphethi oopopayi emsebenzini wakhe. Apho wakwazi ukuba ebomini kunye nezakhono bakhe zokwakha, yaye wancedisa ukwakha isiseko zobugcisa ezilungileyo odumileyo Russian studio film.

Waba kakhulu waduma emva kokudalwa i "New Gulliver" iikhathuni ngo-1935. Hayi, akukho nto uzaleke umbhalo ngalo mbandela, kuba luhlobo ezithi "Uhambo Gulliver kaThixo" ngendlela eSoviet Union. Kwaye yintoni misebenzi ibalulekileyo kwaye entsha Ptushko - wakwazi ukudibanisa iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo kwishishini lokwenziwa kweefilim: Cartoon okuthile. Ngoku cartoons kuvela oonodoli iimvakalelo, ubunzima, umsebenzi kuba kuyacaca kwenziwa lisebe wizard. Imbali oopopayi abantwana kunye nabalinganiswa ezilungileyo ezintle iqala Countdown ivuliwe Ptushko.

Kungekudala, waba ngumlawuli istudiyo "Soyuzdetmultfilm" ikhathuni ezintsha, kodwa ngandlel 'ithile emva kwexesha kokushiya post yakhe, ngoko ke umsebenzi wakhe yoopopayi kwaziwa kuphela ukuba yaphela. Alexander wagqiba ekubeni azinikele-bhanya. Kodwa kwakhe okwalandela umboniso emisebenzini, wasebenzisa "chips" yoopopayi.

Walt Disney and "umnikelo" zakhe

Kubonakala, imbali oopopayi eRashiya yakhiwa ngengozi wazinqunqa kuphela ngabaphandi Russian, oosonzululwazi kunye abalandeli iikhathuni, Walt Disney ngokwakhe wanika Moscow Film Festival yonke emasondweni ekumgangatho umboniso ayiqabe yonke le khathuni ozithandayo malunga Mickey Mouse olungileyo ubudala. Umlawuli lwethu lwasekhaya umboniso Fyodor Khitruk wachukumiseka gqitha egudileyo yaye angabonwa rate isakhelo nomgangatho umzobo, ndaqonda ukuba bafuna enye! Noko ke, eRashiya kwakukho puppetry kuphela makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, zokudlala ahloniphekayo. Ngokunxulumene lulangazelelo lokuphucula studio yayiyilwe, iSoviet ezaziwayo-kakuhle nabantwana post-eSoviet - "Soyuzmultfilm".

"Soyuzmultfilm" - nostalgia Corporation

Ngowe-1935, animators zethu waqonda ukuba yayilixesha lokuba into ngemifanekiso ebomini ikhathuni ukuyitshintsha, lixesha lokuba wabakhupha abo onodoli ubudala aze aqalise ukwenza izinto ezinkulu. Ukudibanisa Izitudiyo ezincinane ezininzi saa kulo lonke ilizwe, kwaba ukudala umsebenzi omkhulu-isikali, abahlalutyi abaninzi bathi ukuba imbali izithombe iqala ngalo mzuzu kweli lizwe lethu. Umsebenzi studio wokuqala kwaba kuhle uyadika ngenxa yokuba esingelwe kuphuhliso inkqubela eYurophu, kodwa 1940, iingcali ukusuka iLeningrad eMoscow wafudukela Union. Noko ke, nasemva koko, akukho nto intle yenzeka ukususela yaqala imfazwe, yonke imibutho kufuneka umqondiso ocacileyo - ekuphakamiseni komoya wobuzwe yabantu.

Emva kwemfazwe, kwabakho ukunyuka elibukhali kwi kwinqanaba imveliso iikhathuni. Umbukeli akazange abone utshintsho eqhelekileyo imifanekiso hayi onodoli yesiqhelo kunye nabalinganiswa eziyinyani kunye nemizi umdla. Konke oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezitsha, abe ngumntu obonakalise ukuba umhlobo American Walt Disney kunye studio yakhe. Umzekelo, ngo-1952 i njineli wadalwa kanye nekhamera enye njenge "Disney" studio. Ukwenza iindlela ezintsha lokudubula (isiphumo eyodwa), wazisa kuye automatism omdala. Kweli nqanaba, iikhathuni bathathe eluswini yakhe entsha, endaweni abantwana ongenangqondo "kinoshek" abonakale noqeqesho kunye nabanye ukuncwasa umsebenzi. Ukongeza bhanyabhanya ezimfutshane, wadubula elizeleyo ubude ikhathuni animated, ezifana "I Snow Queen". Ngokubanzi, ukususela ekusekweni kwe "Soyuzmultfilm" oopopayi kwaye bali liqala eRashiya. Ngokuba abantwana ngaloo mihla, nkqu shifts ezincinci buqapheleke kwaye nkqu bhanya ezincinane elifutshane kakhulu.

1980-1990-s

Emva kokuba ukutshintsha indlela onamava oopopayi cartoons Soviet baqalisa ukuba ngcono ekupheleni kuka-1970. Kwaba ngexesha leminyaka kwakukho ikhathuni ezaziwayo-kakuhle afana "lokhwalimanzi kwi Inkungu", akhangele, mhlawumbi, bonke abantwana abazalwa phambi kowama-2000. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi zokuphatha ezikhethekileyo iziphindwa waphawula kwi-imi- 80 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Ngelo xesha kufika khathuni umboniso Yaduma Roman Kachanova "Ukungaziwa Umhlaba Third". Oku kwenzeka ngo-1981. Lo mfanekiso iphumelele iintliziyo abantwana abaninzi ngelo xesha, yaye abadala squeamish malunga hlalela, ukuba ukunyaniseka. Kulo nyaka mnye yapapasha odumileyo "lom- Unomyayi" imiqondiso beze studio "ekran" lingabali entsha, Aleksandra Tatarskogo. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva yingcali Ngaxeshanye yenza i khathuni yoopopayi "Kwelinye Icala kweNyanga," ogama lakhe nokutsalela ukwazi ukuba kukho kwelinye icala inyanga?

Kodwa nobumba - ukuba "iintyatyambo", njengoko e Sverdlovsk, ithathe inxaxheba kumsebenzi yoopopayi kweli lizwe kuphela, akrwiqilizwe umboniso adalwe ngokusebenzisa neglasi. Emva koko ke iglasi artist odumileyo Alexander Petrov. Phakathi kwezi mizobo zeglasi - "nentsomi malunga Ntombazana ukuzama", yakhululwa ngowe-1985.

Isiphelo-1980, ziphawulwe ngokuthi imivumbo abakrwada elinge ukuboniswa kwabo, umgangatho abaziintsizana umfanekiso yonke vagueness, kulula ukubona ngumzekelo "iibhola uphando phambili». Ngele wayefana sifo, linwenwe kulo ihlabathi izithombe zasekhaya, bambalwa amagcisa balahle umkhwa yokudweba zixazalala, nangona kusenokuba kothiwa isimbo ngamnye ukupeyinta.

Kule 90 Russia baqalisa ukusebenzisana kunye kumagumbi angaphandle, amagcisa sisayine imvumelwano kunye neengcaphephe amazwe ukudala cartoons ngokupheleleyo-ubude. Sekunjalo, artists ezininzi izwe kuhlala ekhaya, ngoncedo lwabo baza baqhubeka ngembali oopopayi kwilizwe lethu.

animation namhlanje

Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union, hayi nje kuphela kweli lizwe unamathupha ntlekele, kodwa yokwenene ebomini oopopayi. Kubonakala ukuba imbali izithombe abantwana kunye nabantu abadala, Kugqityiwe. Studios ziye khona kuphela izibhengezo kunye nemiyalelo ezinqabileyo. Kodwa ngelo xesha umsebenzi, nto leyo lawongwa ngebhaso ( "I-Old Man and uLwandle" yaye "Tale Winter kaThixo"). "Soyuzmultfilm" Kwakhona yatshatyalaliswa, abasemagunyeni bathengisa onke amalungelo cartoons waquleka ngokupheleleyo studio.

Kodwa sele ngo-2002 eRashiya okokuqala ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha ukwenza iimposiso, nkqu ixesha 'engacacanga "kwimbali uphiliso, umsebenzi animators Russian liyazingca lwendawo kwi kukhuphiswano ehlabathini.

Ngowe-2006, saqalisa imveliso ikhathuni eRashiya, kwaphuma "iNkosana Vladimir", "Little Longnose". Kukho studio omtsha "Mill" yaye "Sunny House".

Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba ngoxa ekuseni ukuba nemihlali, kwiminyaka ngenxa yokuba emva kwe-3 emva kokuba zikhutshiwe bhanya yokugqibela eyaziwayo baqalisa ingxaki ngombala omnyama. Izitudiyo abaninzi zavalwa, kwaye urhulumente uyekile ukuba negalelo kuphuhliso oopopayi Russian.

Ke kaloku abaninzi lwasekhaya studio ukukhululwa zonke zakho ozithandayo ikhathuni, amabali ngamanye amaxesha Xa Ndikunye Nabo umlindo movie, ngoko kufuneka bazobe 2-3, yaye ngakumbi iindawo. Xa sihluleka kwimbali oopopayi eRashiya kungalindelekanga.

Xela into oyithandayo, kunye nabantu abadala abathanda ukubukela iikhathuni, kwaye maxa wambi kube ngakumbi ngenyameko abantwana babo, nabo bonke ngenxa yokuba ikhathuni mihla eqaqambileyo, umdla kunye funny. Ngoku musani ukuthelekisa kunye unodoli, apho yazinyaswa ngabo amaphela kunye nezinye izinambuzane. Noko ke, naliphi na inqanaba, apho "wakhwela" imbali izithombe Russian kubalulekile, kuba elowo kubo kwakhokelela kufezeka.