Iintaba iingangamsha of South America. iinkqubo intaba Overview of South America

Umzantsi Melika kubantu bethu njengokuba kungakholeleki nanjengoko ngokufanayo Australia, eneneni kanye njengokuba alinakuzuzwa, iyinto twisisaka. On kubhaliwe kwathiwa ezininzi iincwadi adventure, wazisusa imali efanayo adventure bhanya kungekho ngaphantsi. Jungle, iinkawu, alligators, piranhas - konke oku kufuneka nakanjani abekho isenzo movie elungileyo, kwaye zonke uphawu ngokupheleleyo of South America.

South American zokhahlamba

Kodwa kungaphelelwanga izinto ukungaphangalali ezinjalo ezikhoyo kweli lizwekazi. Enye yezona zinto umdla neendawo ethetha ngazo iintaba yoMzantsi Merika. Baya linokuchazwa ngazwi linye: "kakhulu." Kuba phantse zonke iimpawu bona 'ukuwina "abanye neentaba yehlabathi. Ngoko ke, ezintabeni South American - kwikhonkco inde. ubude sabo setotali ifikelela phantse ezisithoba ophosa. Ngelo xesha linye iphumele nani liphezulu mazwe - ibekwe States ezisixhenxe.

Kuphela ukuphakama entabeni kwiinkqubo Umzantsi Melika uphethe indawo yesibini; ke ngaphambi malayas. Bona abaphumeleleyo ukujonga kwindawo kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Noko ke, siphawula, yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo eMzantsi Melika - Aconcagua - kwakhona kwangoko lulandela Everest, kodwa kwangaxeshanye sisigcina kwincopho eliphezulu yonke ikhweyitha. Kwaye Aconcagua - yinto mlilo kukhuphiswano ukuphakama zonke ezinye winile ntaba, ekubeni mlilo ephakamileyo ehlabathini akukho ngaphezulu. Le ntaba inkulu eMzantsi Melika ise emdeni Argentina kwaye umphakamo phantse ezisixhenxe eekhilomitha (6,960 m).

ubutyebi entabeni

igama layo - Andes - ezintabeni Umzantsi Melika abafumene, sinokuthi, ukusuka Inca amandulo. Igama elithi "anta" ngolwimi lwabo kwakuthetha "entabeni sobhedu". Kuyabonakala ukuba, yeAfrica ngaphezu nezinye izimbiwa ezixabisa olu, ukuba kunjalo ogama iintaba zabo. Hayi copper kuphela abazizityebi Andes Mountains of South America. Kukho ngophuhliso kunye nezinye zesinyithi. Phakathi kwabo, ilothe, izinc, itoti kunye vanadium. Wafumana iidipozithi natyebileyo amatye anqabileyo - platinum negolide ke ngalo maxesha kunye iikarbhunkolo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Emazantsi eentaba le Andes kukho oyile negesi amasimi (ikakhulu Venezuela), nangona bathe kakhulu kangangokuba e-Iraq okanye Saudi Arabia.

Icandelo wejografi ezintabeni

South American zintaba ezingqonge lonke eli lizwekazi evela ngasentshona ngasentla. ububanzi balo ayikho inkulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne ubude - "kuphela" iikhilomitha ezingamakhulu amathathu. Kodwa ngenxa ubude bayo okukhulu Andes - iintaba Umzantsi Melika - bagqiba kwelokuba endinokumthumela iindawo eziliqela, ezibizwa kwakhona "izihloko." Zokuma ezine ezinjalo "ingxenye".

North, nasentshonalanga

Inxalenye yokuqala - Northern Andes. I Umzantsi Melika kakhulu emantla (kunye isiqithi Trinidad) - oku a iintaba iphantsi kakhulu, ehamba elunxwemeni. Kwakhona ziquka uluhlu ephezulu Cordillera de Mérida, nto leyo imi ngasentshona, yaye inkqubo ekwanti of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, ebekwe sele kunxweme wePasifiki. Le ntaba iphakame kakhulu eMzantsi Melika kule nxalenye Andes - Colon Cristobal (5,744 km).

Western Andes kuqhutywa kunye central, kakhulu, ecaleni kolwandle, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi zibe lomqolo single sele Ecuador. Phakathi kwazo kukho mlilo - zombini extinct kunye esebenzayo. Phakathi kwabo - intaba lesibini eliphezulu eMzantsi Melika (Chimborazo). Oku kwakhona mlilo, ngathi Aconcagua, kodwa ngaphantsi kwiimitha 700. Apha kukho kwakhona ngoku mlilo liphezulu esebenzayo - Cotopaxi. Kodwa ke ubude afezekiswa kwaye ingande ngeekhilomitha ezili ezintandathu.

South nasempumalanga

Eastern Andes, kakhulu, babeba mlilo. Apha ke kakhulu eziphakamileyo, kodwa ngaphantsi Cotopaxi. Nangona umlinganiselo inxalenye liphezulu le-Southern Cordillera ukwabizwa ngokuba entabeni eMzantsi Merika.

Chilean-Argentina inxalenye - i kwaza kwi Andes. Kwezinye iindawo kuyehla kube single Ridge, ngokuba main Cordillera. Oku kulapho Aconcagua. Akukho ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha kwincopho yesihloko - mlilo namhlanje.

Ke ekugqibeleni, i-Southern Andes. Kule nxalenye iintaba mpumalanga kwakhona ilahla, kwaye incopho kakhulu abadumileyo - iikhilomitha kunye nje emithathu enesiqingatha.

Ukuqulunqwa kwe Andes: Mandulo Nakule Mihla

I-avareji ukuphakama emazantsi Cordillera, xa izibalo geography - iikhilomitha ezine. Ezintabeni ngokwaneleyo abatsha, kodwa uninzi lwabo sele zigqityiwe ukwakhiwa. Ngoku kukho slow yenkxwaleko yabo. Oku kwandiswa bubukho ekufuphi Pacific Ocean, nto leyo phantse ulingeka iintaba. Kwimephu yoMzantsi Melika njani ngokucacileyo ukufutshane kangakanani amanzi kufanelekile. Umoya isithuba olwandle kunye nomoya kufumile ukukhawulezisa inkqubo wentshabalalo, kwaye ngoko ke iintaba baphelelwa unyaka phantse isentimitha ukuphakama.

Noko ke, kukho isandla, kunye mlilo, leyo, njengokuba kuthiwe, ezininzi Andes, kwaye kukho inani elikhulu babo esebenzayo. Enkosi kubo, ezinye iincopho namanje "sikhule", kangangokuba ukuphakama umndilili le nkqubo iya kuhlala injalo.

Iintlobo ngeentlobo ezintabeni South American

Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo Andes zahlukile kakhulu nesimo sendawo kunye mphandle, kunye nezityalo. Oku kubangelwa, okokuqala, into yokuba amalungu elisongiweyo intaba zokhahlamba ngamaxesha ahlukahlukeneyo zejoloji. Okwesibini, isibakala sokuba Southern Cordillera inde kakhulu kwaye bawela yi mimandla ezininzi zendalo.

Le ngundoqo Andes yi yengqele yangoku Peruvian ufumana ndawo intle. On liyinkangala ekuthiwa ithempleythi lobushushu lingaphumi ngaphezulu kwe-10 kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ashiye kunye degrees -25. Apha kukho kwakhona Ngosi kakhulu ehlabathini Atacama Desert.

Southern Andes - is sehlathi. Kwaye nangona ngenyanga ishushu zezulu akuthethi kufudumala ngentla 15, oko nokufuma kakhulu kwaye eninzi imvula - intabalala ikhephu ezimanzi okanye imvula.

Ngoko ke, ukuba uthe wahamba ukusuka kwelinye icala yeentaba South American, uyakwazi ukubona i imimandla kakhulu imozulu.

ukucaca isibheno

Southern Cordillera, enkosi ukuphakama kwayo engaqhelekanga, umdla kakhulu mountaineers. Apha kuza bevela kulo lonke ihlabathi, kuquka evela eRashiya, nakwezinye iindawo elalisakuba yiSoviet Union.

Eyona ethandwayo lisanyuka ezimbini "into": intaba ephakamileyo eMzantsi Merika, oko kukuthi, Aconcagua, kunye Alpamayo incopho. Okokuqala kuluhlu uthathwa ukuba kakhulu elula ukuzoyisa. Gora nomtsalane, kunoko, ngenxa yokuba bayo ubude kunye neembono. Noko ke, ngokuba ekoyiswa Aconcagua ukwenyuka kufuneka ukuba babe namava elungileyo, ukunyamezela nokuthwaleka oluthembekileyo nomoya. Ingozi abahloli ubukhulu becala imozulu ziyatshintsheka kwi ndawo Aconcagua. utshintsho zakhe ngokukhawuleza kwaye wenza intaba enjalo eziyingozi.

Enye into - Alpamayo. Kucingwa kakhulu kungenakugqithwa e Umzantsi Melika naphakathi top alishumi "ngxaki" yehlabathi ezintabeni. I angle phakathi "iindonga" nesiseko Alpamayo kufika kumgomo we 60. Nkqu climbers baxhotyiswe kakuhle badla musa ukuba kude kube kwisiqingatha entabeni. Safika phezulu ukuya unit phezulu. Yaye okwesihlandlo sokuqala Alpamayo ke ngo-1951, climbers ezimbini ezazivela kwiphulo yaseBelgium-French.

Phakathi wabaqalayo climbers ingqalelo ekunyukeni umdla Cotopaxi. Mlilo nangona luyasebenza, kodwa ngoku olalayo. Njengezinye encopho zininzi, yena uyotywe ngokude hayi okokuqala. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, climbers ezimbini wazama ekhwela encotsheni kwaye abakwazanga. Ngoko ke, umgaqo, akumangalisi, kodwa ukungazi ukuba baye bakwazi ukoyisa kwiimitha 300 yokugqibela kuphela.

Phezu kwazo nje ezinzima yendlela, ngoku ifumaneka Cotopaxi Wade ungumsebenzi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - musa ukulibala ukunxiba ngokufudumeleyo, encotsheni lobushushu azifane kuyenyuka ngaphezu kwe -10.

An iinkcukacha umdla yimfuneko ukuba uhambo ubusuku, simele sibuyele enkampini phambi ekhephini zazamazama ezisendleleni.

Ngoko ke iintaba South American umdla kumacala ahlukeneyo kakhulu, ukuba unako, uye apho kufanele nakanjani.