I-ARP, RARP, IP, ICMP. Yintoni i-ARP protocol isetyenziswa lo?

Ukuba umatshini enxibelelana nasiphi na isixhobo okulingana nethiwekhi, oku kufuna emzimbeni okanye Mac idilesi-. Nakuba kunjalo, isicelo onoxanduva zonxibelelwano, ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwaso nasiphi isixhobo bakwazi ukunxulumanisa i-IP-idilesi kunye Mac-idilesi.

Le ndlela lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isisombululo idilesi protocol (ARP). Enkosi kubo, kukho inguqulelo esiludumbo yendawo IP-iidilesi, esazisa umthombo Mac-idilesi. Ngenxa yoko, iiprotokoli ARP lula unxibelelwano kwezixhobo ezimbini xa ngaxeshanye uqhagamshele kwi-network.

Zisebenza njani?

Oku kuthetha ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha umatshini A ufuna ukuthumela iipakethi data kumatshini B, A kufuneka athumele ARP ipakethe kuba Mac-idilesi isicelo B. Nangona kunjalo, oku bekuza kukhokelela ekwandeni umthwalo womnatha kunye okulinganisa kwezithuthi.

Ukwenzela ukunciphisa izithuthi kunye neendleko kwenethiwekhi, kweekhompyutha ezisebenzisa i-ARP-protocol ukuxhasa cache ye ezisandul idilesi IP_to_MAC mapping, oko kukuthi, kufuneka sisebenzise i-ARP kwakhona.

Noko ke, abanye ukucaciswa ARP kunokwenzeka: xa umatshini A ufuna ukuthumela i data kumatshini B, kunokwenzeka ukuba B uza ukuthumela impendulo data A kwixesha elizayo. Ngoko ke, ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa ARP ukuba umatshini B, A kufuneka agcine lib, idilesi yayo IP_to_MAC ngendlela iphakheji ekhethekileyo kunye nesicelo kwi Mac-idilesi ye B. Ukususela A ithumela isicelo yayo ekuqaleni ukuya kwi Mac-idilesi B, zonke umatshini kwi-network kufuneka isuswe kugcinwe idilesi yayo cache IP_to_MAC.

Xa ifowuni kwi-network (umzekelo, ukuba inkqubo yokusebenza phansi), oko kusenokuba kuzisasaza ngqo idilesi nomphetho ukuze zonke ezinye oomatshini ungaligcina ekufakweni kwawo. Oku akuyi kuhlelo iprotocol ARP ukuba kufuneka xa uqhagamshela kwezinye izixhobo ezitsha.

Umzekelo ukubonisa usebenzisa Idilesi Resolution Protocol

Uyakwazi ukuqwalasela imeko apho kukho ikhompyutha uzama ukuxhulumana kwezinye izixhobo olukude, kunye nayiphi na IP exchange yangaphambili phakathi kwabo akwenziwanga. Kufuneka ke ngoko inokusetyenziswa ARP-protocol - ukujonga Mac-idilesi ye umatshini ekude.

ARP isicelo umyalezo (leyo uya ukusuka Valentine IP-idilesi ukuya bbbb) lisasazwa phezu LAN ukuya uhlobo Ethernet protocol. Izivumelwano ARP zisekelwe zonke koomatshini ngaphandle ithagethi, olawula umyalezo yesicelo impendulo. Le mpendulo iqulathe i IP-idilesi bbbb, ie Ethernet source idilesi yentsimbi, ngoko ke liya kuzinza phakathi kwefowuni.

ARP protocol kunye nenjongo yawo - izigqibo

Njengoko kubonakala inkcazo engasentla, yeSimo Resolution Protocol isetyenziswa zokumisa intsebenziswano phakathi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwi network. Ngamanye amazwi, obu bugcisa, ngaphandle apho uxhulumaniso oluqhelekileyo akwenzeki. Kodwa ngaba ukusebenza ARP kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kwezinye parameters network? Ngokuqinisekileyo kunokwenzeka. Ngoko ke, kufuneka uqale uqonde ezinye iprotocol, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo.

idilesi reverse sokulungiswa protocol

RARP i protocol ngawo ikhompyutha ebonakalayo kumnatha womsebenzi wobulali ingacela ye IP-idilesi ukusuka Idilesi Resolution Protocol itheyibhile okanye yesango iseva cache. Umlawuli wenethiwekhi uyila itafile esangweni okanye umzila LAN, ebonisa idilesi ye-umatshini (okanye idilesi ulawulo lofikelelo eendaba - Mac) kuthelekiswa protocol ahambelanayo. Xa isixhobo esitsha liqhagamshelene womnatha, yayo RARP-client yenza isicelo kumncedisi ukuthumela IP Idilesi-yayo. Sazigqibela ukuba irekhodi wadalwa kwitheyibhile umzila, umncedisi RARP ubuyisela IP-idilesi ye nomatshini ungagcina ukuba uyisebenzise kamva. Ngenxa yoko, Isisombululo idilesi protocol ARP gqolo onxulumene RARP.

Indlela eneenkcukacha

Nomatshini okhupha isicelo kunye neseva, ezisabela ngayo - bonke ukusebenzisa idilesi womnatha yendawo ngexesha leseshoni. Njengoko umthetho, umceli akakwazi idilesi yendawo. Ngenxa yoko, isicelo lwencwadi lisasazwa kulolonke oomatshini kwi-network. Emva koko, lowo ucelayo kufuneka bazichaze ngokunxulumene kumncedisi. Kuba CPU inani lezibuko zingasetyenziswa okanye idilesi ye koomatshini network. Ukusetyenziswa idilesi yendawo njenge isazisi esisodwa zinezibonelelo ezimbini.

Ezi dilesi zisoloko zifumaneka kwaye akufunekanga kunxulunyaniswa ikhowudi wesiqalo.
Ekubeni ukwaziswa kuxhomekeke kwi-network, kunokuba ukusuka umthengisi CPU, zonke iimoto ziya kuba identifier eyodwa network.

Action RARP Time

Ekubeni RARP isebenzisa womnatha ebonakalayo ngqo, akukho enye software protocol ngeke aphendule isicelo okanye bahlabe kuyo. Software RARP kufuneka ngamnye ukuhlangabezana nale mingeni. Ezinye izikhululo ukuba bathembele RARP ukulayishela, unako ngokuphindaphindiweyo uzame ngonaphakade bade bafumana impendulo. Ezinye Ukusetyenziswa babe ukusilela emva iinzame eziliqela, ukunqanda sithwalisa uthungelwano kunye usasazo ezingeyomfuneko.

IP protocol / ICMP / ARP

ICMP protocol sibophelela indlela, zokuphuma nokungena, kunye wemikhosi asetyenziselwa ukulawula uqhagamshelwano, okanye ufumana ingxelo impazamo. Internet Protocol inika umqondiso ovela nesango isango de ifikelela ingongoma kuyinikela ngqo ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela. Ukuba kwesango akakwazi ukuthumela okanye ukunikezela data, okanye sibona imeko engaqhelekanga kwenethiwekhi ukuxinana, kufuneka ukubonisa umyalezo ngayo ukuba athathe amanyathelo ukuphepha okanye ukulungisa le ngxaki.

Internet Protocol Control Imiyalezo (ICMP) ivumela zokuphuma sikhupha imposiso okanye ulawulo imiyalezo kwezinye zokuphuma okanye kwiinginginya. Ngenxa yoko, ICMP inika unxibelelwano phakathi iprotocol Internet on zombini kwiikhompyutha iqhagamshele.

Le ndlela ekhethekileyo iye ifakwe kubabhekisi ukongezelela TCP / IP-iprotocol. It ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise zamasango Internet ingxelo iimpazamo, okanye ukunika iinkcukacha malunga kaxakeka. Ngokwawo, i-IP-protocol ayiqulathanga nantoni na ukunceda ukuqinisekisa ubudlelwane kunye umthumeli okanye ukufumana amadlala.

TCP / IP

TCP / IP-iprotocol ukunika izixhobo ezinokunceda abalawuli womnatha kunye nabasebenzisi ukuchonga iingxaki womnatha. Enye izixhobo iphutha ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo ngokuqhelekileyo na isicelo ICMP kwaye ufumana umyalezo impendulo. Kwangaxeshanye, yenginginya okanye yesango ithumela isicelo echo umyalezo ICMP kule dilesi ekhankanyiweyo. Nawuphi na umatshini ofumana isicelo echo, bakha impendulo kwaye ubuyela umthumeli yokuqala. Kulo mzekelo, impendulo iqulethe ikopi data wathuma kwisicelo kunye impendulo enxulumene.

Le protocol ingasetyenziswa ukukhangela ukuba ngaba khona kwaye nokuba ukunxibelelana naye iyafumaneka. Kwelinye icala, ARP iiprotokoli - oku iintsimbi kusetyenziswa ukongeza TCP / IP yaye kuyimfuneko ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi izixhobo kwi network.