Grade - oko kukuthi: iimpawu zayo

Ndakuqonda ukuba ulime izityalo, abantu baqala ukuzama ukuphucula silondolozwe nokukotshwa iifom kakhulu umgangatho. Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo, iintlobo ezininzi zengqolowa, iidiliya zidalwe, imithi ezahlukahlukeneyo iziqhamo. Ngoko ke, kwavela inzululwazi yokuphuhlisa ngeentlobo zezityalo amatsha - ukhetho.

Ukwahlukana kwiintlobo imvelaphi

Iklasi - ntoni na? Grade wabiza iqela ngcembe yezityalo kwasekwa iindlela namantshontsho yaye ehlala iimpawu heritable phakathi kweli qela. iintlobo nganye sityalo isethi, iimpawu zebhayoloji morphological, ezoqoqosho, apho ukumisela iimpawu zayo. Inkcazelo yezi ntlobo iquka iimpawu ezininzi. Imvelaphi ibonisa umthombo izinto ezisetyenziswayo ukwenza oko. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo elinywayo zasendle kuzo zikhethwa izinto ezinqwenelekayo ukhetho. Ngokwalo mgaqo zahlulwe ngeentlobo ezimbini, ingqiqo kukhulu ezahlukeneyo. Yintoni na iintlobo wayo - ngezantsi. 1. Local - ezifunyenwe Ukukhetha ixesha elide ukwenziwa labemi kwindawo ethile. Baye nezimo ezilungileyo iimeko mmandla.

2. Selection - kusekelwe phezu iindlela yenzululwazi kunye, kuxhomekeke indlela zemfuduka, yena, yahlulwe amaqela ezininzi:

• umgca grade abalufumene Ukukhetha ngamnye lenzala ngesivuno self-ezimvumvuzelwa omnye, ngaloo ndlela ukufana ebonakala ngayo iimpawu kunye neempawu, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha ngenxa yemfuza ile efanayo;
• ibanga-yabantu - ngokuqhelekileyo landraces abunjwe ngazo cross-ukuhlakanipha izityalo ukhetho abaninzi, apho ngaxeshanye kwenzeka kunye hybridization zendalo kunye nezinye izityalo ezinxulumene;
• Clones iintlobo siyinzala elilodwa, yezeka, inkcubeko kwaye ukufana eliphezulu nozinzo;
• ibhastile grade ngohlobo ezikhwela msebenzi iseti yeenkcubeko zonke izizukulwana ezininzi, ukukhetha izityalo ngempahla ezinqwenelekayo.

iimpawu eziphilayo

Zizalele emaXhoseni. Yintoni na lizisa miqondiso ilandelayo kwezoqoqosho-eziphilayo?

1. Ukumelana imiba engentle yokusingqongileyo:

• eqinile - ukumelana namaqondo inkcubeko ephantsi endawni eliphakathi band kunye neendawo emantla ngakumbi, kuxhomekeke kwibakala elitsha;
• emelana neembalela - nako ukwenza ukunqongophala ebonakalayo ukufuma kunye nokulahlekelwa amancinane imveliso.

2. Ixesha sexesha lokukhula - ixesha elithile apho isityalo kufuneka uye kuyo yonke umjikelezo wophuhliso. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo inkcubeko, iklasi, ubushushu-yothando okanye ukuxhathisa ebandayo, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Esi sisalathisi zebhayoloji ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo ukuze ucando eyiyo izityalo.

3. Isivuno ixhomekeke imveliso mveliso, oko kukuthi, isivuno avareji ngesityalo ngasinye, kunye nelona nani avareji lezityalo nganye unit ndawo ibekwe. Kuba izityalo enemithi ongatshiyo, kuqikelelwa sele nasebudaleni, ngokuqhelekileyo ngeekhilogram emthini nganye.

4. samoplodnye ephawula ukukwazi kwezityalo ukwenza yamaqanda yeyokuzingca uvuvuzelo. Ukuba le izinga eliphantsi okanye zero, ngoko kufuneka ungasondeli isityalo noluza wayeza kuba lutho kuye.

5. iimpawu Taste zahlukile ngokuxhomekeke umxholo zeziqhamo amaqunube asidi iswekile.

6. Ukumelana izinambuzane nezifo luphawu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuveliswa kweemveliso imvelo, njengoko processing of zinambuzane kukhokelela nokwanda lwabo izityalo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Le indlela ayikho ekukhetheni enye kuphela engundoqo, kodwa nzima kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ukwahluka ophezulu kakhulu amandla kunye nesakhono ukuze bavelise ezinambuzaneni kwamagciwane.

7. Ukukwazi amahlumelo ukuba uxhasa umiselwe ikakhulu ngenxa kwamatyholo berry.

features yangaphandle

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iimpawu morphological:

• iintyatyambo ezinemibala;
• ziphembelele kunye nokuphela kwegqabi ezitsolo le sheets;
• ukuphakama plant;
• Potato - ibala lolusu, ukuma tuber.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iindidi ezintsha ulahlekelwa iipropati ezixabisekileyo, yaye inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa kwezolimo yenza ukuba iinkcubeko yavelisa neemfuno eziphezulu, ngoko ke inkqubo yokudala kunye nokuphucula amabanga kufuneka ibe sisigxina.

Uviwo yezi ntlobo entsha

Ngoko ke, iintlobo entsha kwemveliso. Yintoni na ukhuselo lomthetho we-International Union yokuKhuselwa Impumelelo Selection? Ilungiselelwe ukukhusela umdla abalimi kunye recoverability kwemali echithwe ngabo. Ukukhuselwa ngokusemthethweni kwiintlobo kufuneka baye kwiingcali zobugcisa, kuquka iimpawu ezintathu.

1. Le kwingongoma nganye yokucaca kwiintlobo - iifoto, inkcazo kufuneka ibe distinguishable ngokucacileyo naluphi na olunye ngelo xesha.

2. Le kwingongoma nganye ukufana iintlobo-ntlobo - izityalo ezinxulumene iintlobo ecetywayo kufanele ukuba ifane kule ndlela yokuzala.

3. Indlela Stability - zonke iimpawu kunye neempawu kufuneka kuhlala zingatshintshi emva andise ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Xa uhlobo lwesityalo kucanda zonke iimvavanyo kwisayithi ekhethekileyo, oko unikwa igama varietal, yaye yaziswa kwirejista karhulumente kwempumelelo zizalele nakuzo.

Development kwiintlobo ibonelela abantu izityalo ngakumbi, ayinyangeki ngakumbi kwizinto ezininzi engentle yokusingqongileyo. Ubomi ibeka phambili iimfuno ezintsha iindidi zezityalo, ngoko ke liqulunqe iindlela ngenxa ekukhawuleziseni ukuzalela eya kuncuphisa ukuba uphuhliso ixesha ezintsha iintlobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwezityalo kwixesha elizayo.