Freudianism - yintoni na le nto? Le nkcazelo kunye nolwalathiso

Psychology - isayensi lifunda psyche yabantu. Abaphandi abathe balufunda kwingcingane, nyaka ngamnye yokufumanisa ngakumbi ezintsha ezinxulumene ekufundweni ingqondo yomntu, kunye neenkqubo yengqondo entsonkothileyo kwenzeka kulo. Cinga ngomnye iingcamango ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle bengqondo, nto leyo ngokuqamba Freudianism.

Inkcazo "kaFreud"

Eli binzana sivela igama nzulu esidumileyo uSigmund Freud, owoyiswayo imfundiso yakhe psychoanalysis kwabantu. theory kaFreud - ingcamango yokuba psychoanalysis, nto leyo echaza ezinye iinkqubo ngengqondo, ezenzeka kumgangatho zingqondweni. Ngokutsho Freud, ubomi engqondweni yoluntu lonke iqulathe kwamanqanaba ezintathu: i zingqondweni, preconscious Nakukubona.

Inqanaba zingqondweni zayo Freud okwelo amandla ngokwesondo. Freud e imfundiso yakhe ibalaselisa amacandelo ezinjalo ubuntu:

1. "Eid" - nethuku yenethiwekhi.
2. "Ego", okanye ngamanye amazwi, "ndathi", noqhuba kumgaqo leyinene.
3. Okanye "super-ego", "super-ego", linoxanduva iimpawu yokuziphatha umntu.

Ukuba la macandelo kukho ungquzulwano, ngoko kuqala ukuvela iindlela zokuzikhusela.

Indima psychology kaFreud

Freudianism in psychology kuthatha inyathelo kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba kaloku abazukulwana iimfundiso Freud, singakwazi ukuthetha malunga nonyango lwe nezifo nokudandatheka elide, kodwa kuyimfuneko kuqala ukuchonga unobangela ezi zifo. Ingongoma ephambili ukuba ukuqala unyango ngokuyintloko psychoanalysis. Amalinge kunye nokusetyenziswa ngomlingo, ezibe lwaqhutywa yi Freud, wabonisa ukuba iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo nomnqweno ukuphumeza injongo isenokuba ukutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha uvavanyo, nokuba uyazi kakuhle oku.

Isiseko okuvela kuyo Freudianism

USigmund Freud ngokwesiseko lokuqaphela yakhe ende clinical unako ukwenza umntu omtsha, elingaziwayo de ingqiqo engqondweni. Freudianism - kukwayinto entle imfundiso esekelwe kwi ingqiqo a emazinyo mathathu isakhiwo ubuntu :

1. "Ku" kule meko libhekisela iinkqubo ngengqondo ezithe zenzeka kwi kwinqanaba zingqondweni. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezi nkqubo ngengqondo kube emva kokuzalwa komntwana umkhondo, umzekelo, indima edlalwe yi yofuzo. "Yinto" ijolise ukonwabela naluphi na uhlobo, ingakumbi ngokwesini.
2. Ubume yesibini ubizwa ngokuba "I". Ijoliswe, kukugcina ukulingana, ngoko "Mna" phantse usoloko uphikisana "It". Umntu ngamnye "Mna" ubomi bakhe inyaniso, oko kukuthi, iinkqubo zengqondo ziqala ukuvela emva kwimeko ethile mali efuna isisombululo ngokukhawuleza. Freud Lithi eli isakhiwo kwi ngokwemvelo, oko kwenziwa kuphela kwinqanaba zingqondweni, kodwa kwi preconscious.

3. Ubume wesithathu ibizwa ngokuba "super-ego". Uthathwa ukuba ezifunyenwe ngexesha ubomi kunye nezenzo njengoko umhlalutyi kunye nesazela. Ngoko ke, ukuba "Mna" Andikwazi ukumelana "nto", ukuba uqalisa ukusebenza "superego", apho usebenzela isazela. Ukuba umntu akanakuba ixesha elide ukufumana isisombululo sakhe "super-ego", Freud kubonisa indlela yokuveza mandla ngoncedo kwincoko okanye bazibonakalise zobugcisa.

Yintoni kaFreud?

ugqirha wakho adlulisele loo mntu amandla ekunene siqhuba psychoanalysis. Freudianism lubonisa ukuba abantu kwezinye iimeko, unako ukumelana wedwa le ngxaki, kodwa ukuba psyche kufuneka ibandakanye ukhuseleko ukuba akenzi njalo, ngoko musa ukuba ngaphandle uncedo lobungcali. Nazi ezi ndidi ziphambili wokhuseleko:

1. Ekuqaleni, lo khuselo esibonakaliswa ingcinezelo yaye ingcinezelo yokucinga, eyayiqwalaselwe non-kuvumelekile.
2. Xa kukho ukuhla nokunyuka, ngoko kwinqanaba zingqondweni, psyche yabantu izama ukuphelisa umnqweno esilawulayo kunye neengcamango.
3. Asemakhaya babonakaliswa xa ukuyeka ingcamango akukho ndlela, yaye ke loo mntu uzama ukuzithethelela.

Eyona engundoqo iziyalezo Freudianism

Freud umahluko intshukumisa ezintathu eziphambili - ezi ixhala: uchuku, ubuhule. Ayibona ngayo isiseko zonke izenzo zabantu Freudianism. Destination luqaqambisa izigaba ezintlanu eziphambili kuphuhliso yobuntu:

1. Isigaba lomlomo, nto leyo nayo kuyabonakala ekuzalweni, umzekelo, umntwana ezelwe, kwaoko idla wanye ibele sikanina.

2. Isigaba ezimpundu kukuba badumise umntwana na kakade ipoti.

3. Le womphambili wabonakalisa kamva ebomini, xa umntwana iqala ukunxibelelana kunye noontanga babo ngayo isini ezahlukeneyo yaye bakwazi ukuthelekisa ngokwabo nabanye.

4. ebhekiswe kubonakala ngexesha umdla iimpawu ngokwesondo luqhubeka ezimbalwa.

5. obuni iza xa kukho ukufikisa ngokupheleleyo.

umsebenzi psychoanalysis of Freudianism

Ukuba Freudianism ngokufutshane ukuchaza njongo iphambili yale mfundiso kunye psychoanalysis ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kungathathwa:

1. Kudalwa ngokutsha zonke iinkcukacha eziqokelelwe njengoko imbali, iimpawu ukuba engaqhelekanga ukuba umntu.
2. Ukukwazi ukuyilandelela le siganeko, nto leyo eyabangela umonzakalo amandla zinganakwa namandla ndikunike eli thuba ukukhetha indlela entsha.

Psychoanalysis zabanjwa ukuze siqhubeke umntu ekubandezelekeni kwabo okungeyomfuneko ayikwazanga ibuye ibe neurosis. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho Freud, kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukucinezela imbambano yomntu.

abameli Freudianism

theory kaFreud - imfundiso yaphuhliswa kwixesha elizayo. Bale thiyori kamva baba ngabafundi Freud. A. Adler thile kuyasetyenzwa ithiyori njengomfundisi wakhe, echaza ukuba isitshixo psychoanalysis ayikho umnqweno, ezenzeka kwinqanaba zingqondweni, kwaye umnqweno yokuzilungiselela kuzo zonke ebantwini. Ngokutsho Adler, zonke iinkqubo ezichazwe yi-Freud, kunakho ukwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba umntwana azive ukuba kwabo phansi kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala.

Enye ummeli okhanyayo iimfundiso Freud, Jung ingqalelo ukuba kuphela ukuxhasa ingcamango njengomfundisi wakhe, kodwa bakhuthalele baqala ukuphuhlisa oko, bathi ukuba psychoanalysis akakwazi kuphela kuchaphazela umntu omnye, kodwa ichaphazela indlela aziphatha ngayo iqela lonke. iingcamango kaFreud luxhaswe Otto Rank, oye wafumana izinto eziphambili uloyiko nexhala. Ngokutsho kwakhe, babonisele emva ngokuzalwa yabantu, inkolelo yakhe yaziwa ngokuba "trauma ukuzalwa".

Ukuvela zeniyo-Freudianism

Kakade ke, imfundiso Freud iye wahlala kuzo zonke iimeko, isenzeko ezingundoqo, ngoko singatsho ukuba ingcamango kaFreud - sisiseko apho sabekwa neo-Freudianism. psychoanalysis Freud ngokusekelwe kumazinga kuphela emithathu, oko kukuthi, engqondweni yomntu ngamnye, kodwa neofreydizma abameli bathi indima ephambili usekho ngenxa yeempembelelo zentlalo nenkcubeko. Yeyona Impembelelo ekuhlaleni kunokubangela ungquzulwano yangaphakathi ebantwini. Umzekelo, kunjani ixhala ezinokuvela umntwana kuphela emva uya kujongana kwihlabathi eliyingozi.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iingcamango ezimbini, kunye Freudianism kulandele iniyo-Freudianism, ezininzi lweeyantlukwano, ngokusekelwe zonke iinkqubo ezifanayo zingqondweni athathwa. Intiyo kunye alarm kumhlangula umntu engonwabanga, ngoko kukho usukuzwano phakathi ngokwakhe umntu, yaye oku unobangela impixano phakathi kwakho, efuna ukususwa ngoko nangoko, okanye inokuba yesigulo sengqondo.

abameli neofreydizma

Abameli neo-Freudianism waba okuninzi ngaphezu enkulu Freudianism. Eyona okuphawuleka kunokwenzeka ukuba sibala nje oosonzululwazi ezimbalwa. Ngoko ke, uMnu Sullivan, uthi ngokuzazisa komntu - asikuko buyinto ngokwemvelo, ababeyiqwebile, yaye kwenziwa kuphela yi emphakathini eziyingqongileyo kuyo. Oko kukuthi, usana uqalisa ukuphinda ubudlelwane ukuba eme njengomzekelo. nobuntu kumntwana umntwana kuyilwa nkqu ngexesha lomdlalo, xa umntwana ukunxibelelana noontanga.

UErich Fromm emsebenzini wakhe ibonisa ukuba umntu - indibanisela imigaqo yebhayoloji kunye nezentlalo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, lonke psychology lomntu isekelwe uthando ubomi kunye nomnqweno ukufa.

Psychoanalysis ibonisa ukuba abantu kuba lula neurosis, ukuba akwazi ukufumana uthando kunye nokuqonda eluntwini. Kuba umntu ngamnye kubalulekile ukuphumeza nemvisiswano eluntwini, ukuba leyo elizibophelele ekufundeni ubomi bonke. Ngokutsho izazinzulu ezininzi, ukuba umntu uyakwazi ukuphila, ngoko kukho kungenzeka ukuba kwenzeke impiliso epheleleyo yoluntu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke izimvo Freudians kunye kulandele iniyo-Freudians akwazi kuchaphazela ubomi koluntu kunye nophuhliso inkcubeko kunye neendlela zokuziphatha. Njengoko umphakathi, oko kwindlela eya kwimfezeko.