ERussia Indlela ubudala? ERussia Indlela omdala apho?

AmaRashiya siphila kwilizwe apho kungekho iimpendulo ecacileyo ocacile wokuba imibuzo elula. Ukuze athi eRashiya, kufuneka emingaphi kweminyaka ukuba randomly khetha enye yezi iinketho ezininzi okanye ubuze imibuzo emininzi ye yengcaciso. Kweli hlabathi akukho enye lizwe ukuba izihlandlo ezimbalwa kwimbali yawo kuqalwe ekuqaleni, wakhanyela ngokupheleleyo yangaphambili wakhe, koko kwakhona emva ezisisiseko. Kuba Russia, baqhele ukuba ilizwe abancinane imbali iminyaka eliwaka.

Ukhetho yencopho reference

Ngenxa yemigudu mbali ezaziwayo-kakuhle zangaphambili, NM Karamzin - umbhali imithamo 12 "Imbali kaRhulumente Russian", SM Solovyov, owabhala "I History of Russia ukususela kumaxesha amandulo", IVOTI Kliuchevskoi kunye nabanye abaninzi, kwakunye nophando ngakumbi zakutshanje kunye nemisebenzi izazinzulu mihla ezichongiweyo amanqaku ezininzi apho ukwazi ukubala indlela yembali Russian. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku imida abukhali phakathi kwamaqumrhu karhulumente kunye nabanye ukufana ngalinye elincinane kakhulu. Kule ukuqonda imbali Russian njengenkqubo eqhubekayo elide iwaka leminyaka kubonakala zendalo.

Ukukhetha le imvelaphi badla kuxhomekeka kwilizwe lethu, ukusuka iinkolelo bulumko okanye kwezopolitiko. scale yayo umlinganiselo ixesha yembali, impendulo yakho kumbuzo of kweminyaka emingaphi eRussia Westerner kunye Slavophile, abo babebambelele kunye progressives, xa zobuKomanisi yaye silinene, njl Siya kuthathwa iimpendulo ezininzi malunga ubudala karhulumente wethu, yaye nganye iya kufumaneka abaxhasi azinikele kunye nokuphikisa olunamandla ngokulinganayo.

prehistory

Lichaza zokuqala womntu kokubhalwa kwembali afumaneka eRashiya, eCaucasus kunye Kuban. Paleoanthropologists ukufumanisa amazwe kummandla wethu hominid yokuqala kwiminyaka kwezigidi ezi-2 edlulileyo. Ngokuphelele iintlobo kwavela Homo sapiens akummandla wethu malunga 45 engamawaka eyadlulayo. Ngethamsanqa, enqwenela ukuqala ukubala yesazisi Russian ukusuka Bamandulo Phaya Kwiiselula amehlo aluhlaza kodwa.

Kodwa i ukuvela inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya namhlanje izizwe eyahlukileyo Slavic (malunga V BC) Abanye bakholelwa ukuba kufanelekile ukuba ekuqaleni kwembali Russian. Phakathi kwezi imibutho yesizwe kunye amagama kwimibongo :. eSlovenia, Krivichi, Meria, Chud, kunye nabanye - bezama ukuba ukhethe enye okanye ngaphezulu, macala apho umfanekiso kwamandla elizayo, ngakumbi enomtsalane ezingoonombini kunye negama wesizwe Russia okanye Rus.

Abanye bathi ukuba Russian imfundo kuqala malunga nenani elilinganayo leminyaka izixeko Russian ukusuka kakhulu wamandulo: Novgorod waba isihlalo Rurik, yaye sele Enkulu.

Sekunjalo, kuya kuvela kamva kwindawo yokuqala ubhalo of reference.

Ukubiza Vikings (kunyaka 882) - 1134

Yile ixesha lokwenziwa kucingwa yokuqala ukuya ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi impendulo echanekileyo yombuzo kweminyaka emingaphi apho i Russia. Ngokutsho yeziKronike yamandulo, eziliqela Slavic, Baltic kunye nokunikezelwa Finno-Ugric wathumela abameli babo kwisizwe imfazwe of Vikings yokwaba ukusuka kwizintlu umlawuli walo, ekwaziyo yokuphila union yesizwe luwuphendule bengatshatanga. Loo ndoda yaba edume Varangian prince Rurik - umseki ubukhosi yokuqala esalawula eRashiya.

ezihlangwini zakhe impahla yakhe, ibekwe ngeenxa Novgorod kunye kummandla Upper iVolga River, ummandla yaseMzantsi nokuxubana, nekomkhulu yayo eyayiseKiev. Kukholelwa ukuba le yaphela lokusekwa ngurhulumente yokuqala Old Russian. Kwathi ngomnyaka 882.

Eluchochoyini yale imfundo kuthathwa kulawula Vladimira Svyatoslavicha, apho kwagqitywa ekubeni Orthodox (988) kunye Yaroslava Mudrogo, ngubani zamisa the yokuqala ikhowudi umthetho - Inyaniso Russian (1016). Russia baba imiqondiso ngakumbi ngakumbi lwemo emanyeneyo.

Kodwa ngenxa embambanweni njengenkosana, ezi mpawu ziye zalahleka, kangangokuba eRashiya yayahlulwe iinxalenye eziliqela, yaye emva koko baphulukana ngokupheleleyo ukuzimela kwayo waza waba lixhoba iGolden mkhosi.

Tsar Ivan IV abangcangcazelisi (1547) - iminyaka 469

Xa Ivan Grozny wathabatha isihloko Kumkani All Russia, kwacaca ukuba kwimephu yehlabathi, urhulumente omtsha Russian, iziko elitsha - Moscow. Oku kwahlukile kakhulu kwimfundo yangaphambili ngobukhulu, ngokutsho emkhosini namandla kwezopolitiko, amandla kunye nefuthe ngamazwe kwinkqubo yolawulo monolithic. Igama elithi "Russia" lalisetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yegama elo lizwe.

Oku kwalandela enye ingxaki sokumiswa, wavakalisa usengozini Ngexesha Iingxaki kunye elilandelayo ilahleko phantse epheleleyo inkululeko, eli xesha wakhetha Poland. imvuselelo New Russia zaqalisa kunye ebukumkanini Romanov ubukhosi (1613) yaye yagqitywa ngexesha Petra Velikogo.

Empire Russian (1721) - iminyaka 295

Emva kokuphela IMfazwe Enkulu Northern uPeter Omkhulu wathabatha phezu isihloko yoMlawuli yokuqala eRashiya uyise ezweni labo. A iphepha elitsha kwimbali weRashiya, urhulumente omtsha yamiselwa ngokusesikweni. Ixesha elidlulileyo ukususela ngoko - yenye impendulo yombuzo zeminyaka emininzi indlela lizwe Russia. Yeyona igama esemthethweni yaba umbuso omkhulu.

Imbali lobuzwilakhe Russian iye yaphela ngoFebruwari 1917, emva koko beza iinyanga ngaphambi kokuba uhlobo ibonwe karhulumente - republic yasepalamente. Wazama ukwenza ezihlangwini esesikweni Russia mihla: yamaBolshevik nokuhlutha ngokusesikweni amandla ongumgqakhwe, kodwa incinane kakhulu yena Wajonga Thunzi phambili eSoviet Union.

A Uhlobo omtsha karhulumente we-USSR (1922) - '94

I-Communist Party of yokuqala kabukhali yinkomo edla ngokwayo ukusuka elidlulileyo, ayicingi kwiminyaka emininzi ngayo eRashiya, sivakalisa urhulumente waseSoviet unangoku kumiswa ezingabonwayo. Oku, nangona kunjalo, azizange zikuthintele ideologues khangela kuba kwimbali yelizwe imizekelo oluphembelelayo ubuqhawe ebantwini, nto leyo ngokufuthi kwemfuneko phantse yonke kwembali Soviet.

Kwaye phakathi nkqubo Russian yangoku ezininzi abo ubone uhlobo ogqibeleleyo ngurhulumente waseUSSR, ukukho impumelelo yakhe nokubona nobangela kwawa layo amaqhinga angaphandle ezimbi.

Russian Federation (1991) - engama 25

ERussia Indlela ubudala? Namhlanje umbuso Russian, ukuba ukuziva ngaphandle kwimbali edlulileyo, kuya kuba esikalini ixesha umntwana oselula litsale elidlulileyo uzolile ethembekileyo, kwixa elizayo ekukhanyeni ngcembe, inkululeko linobuqaqawuli, yombuso. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuba aphule.