Emngxunyeni Yamal emnyama. Yamal mngxuma: ingcamango yimbonakalo, inkcazelo, photo

Yamal emngxunyeni omnyama - ngoko ohlasela mngxuma qembu, ngequbuliso zavela emantla kwi Yamal Peninsula. Yena sothuke oosonzululwazi kubunzulu enkulu kakhulu agudileyo imiphetho dip unyuka kakhulu zisihla kungena ezibilini zehlabathi. Kwelinye icala, una kufana zolwakhiwo karst, kwelinye - nombindi dubulo. imfihlakalo ngasentla okungahambi izazinzulu baye balwa iminyaka eliqela.

History of izovela

I Yamal Peninsula - enye yeendawo eqhaqhazelisa eRashiya. Umhlaba nomkhe- ngexesha lasehlotyeni kuphela enzonzobila semitha. Akumangalisi nangakumbi kokufunyanwa phakathi kwe omkhulu Umbala omkhulu wentaba ubunzulu inqwaba leemitha. Njengezelatha bathi ubukhulu walo isondlo ukuba iye kuhlala ezantsi ngelixa ntaka eziliqela.

umngxuma Yamal, photo nangoko leyo yahamba ngeenxa eendaba kubukho bukaThixo, wavele kwasekwa ukuwa-2013. Ividiyo lokuqala kwizimanga zendalo, ezifotwe evela ntaka, yapapashwa 10/07/2014. Ingadlulanga iveki, iqela wenzululwazi, iintatheli kunye nabasebenzi zokuhlangula okokuqala wabancina ukufunyanwa engalindelekanga. Njengoko kuvela, inzululwazi ukhe awafumana ngaphambili kunye into efanayo.

uphi

Yamal Umgodi ibekwe kwi usingasiqithi Russian eponymous kumazantsi Bovanenkovo condensate gas entsimini (malunga nama-30 km) ngasentshonalanga komlambo isicheme-Jaha (17 km). Region fanele ku ongu- bioclimatic wethafa ekuso.

Kukho imilambo emininzi kunye namachibi ezincinane ehlotyeni, permafrost zawutwabulula phezu iindawo ezinkulu. Ngoko ke, uhlobo karst ngokumka yokuba imfundo lubalaseleyo ekuqaleni.

Yamal emngxunyeni omnyama: imvelaphi thiyori

Izazi merzlovedy, sezulu bayifundayo Yamal mngxuma twi ngeenxa zonke iimilo zezindlu elintlangothi agudileyo ekhefu. Imvelaphi dip omkhulu sangqa 60 m waphawula ngoJulayi 2014 e Yamal. Ekuhambeni kwexesha wafumana ngaphezulu efanayo una ezimbini ongaqondakaliyo ezincinci: phezu peninsulas Gydansky kunye Taimyr. iziganeko Mysterious unokuvelisa inani iinguqulelo polar. Phakathi izizathu kuboniswe:

• Karst okha xa komhlaba wahlamba kwisisu enkulu kulo iliwa, kwaye umaleko womhlaba eliphezulu ekufakwa.
• ice plug bunyibilike.
• Methane dubulo.
• Ukuwa emkhathini.
• UFO theory. Kuthiwa emhlabeni kwakukho into eyenziwe ngumntu.

lokufumanisa esiyingozi

Uhambo ezininzi zezazinzulu Russian Wasisusa ngokupheleleyo isigqubuthelo kuyimfihlo. Ngokutsho zokuma, Yamal umngxuma, ubunzulu - 200 m, unalo mkhwa onombono yendalo. Kodwa nantsi izandi izimvo ezahlukeneyo. Abanye bathi ukuyilwa idiphu kunye ukuhluzeka kuloko umhlaba umlambo komhlaba okanye iinkqubo zejoloji, impembelelo yengcinezelo yangaphakathi planethi. Ezinye abasemagunyeni bathi umngxuma emva kuqhuma.

Iziphelo leengcali le Siberian iHlumelo RAS isandi eyoyikisayo. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, ukuba zigcine "iziqhushumbisi zendalo" zigcinwe kuqweqwe-langa. Bayibeka ngasemagumbini ezininzi zomhlaba, ngoko kungadaleka udubulo omkhulu kubangelwa ukutshintsha kwemozulu. Iqela komhlaba uthi: "Le iziphumo ziya kuba kubi ngakumbi ebusika zenyukliya."

Ukutyhilwa Secrets?

Yamal nkxu kwalenza uluntu. Phakathi abemi kwakukho baninzi "itulo ithiyori": ukusuka UFO namacebo ukuvavanya isixhobo supernova. Iinzululwazi zisixelela ntoni na uhlobo okuzenzekeleyo.

Iisampuli lukhulu lokungaphumeleli kutyhilwa lwee- iimolekyuli methane. Ngako oko, theorizes ukuba umngxuma emva kokuba detonation na ukuphilisa igesi. Ngenxa permafrost, le zithako sikwimo esiqinileyo. Noko ke, xa methane shushu vaporizes nangoko sandisa ukuba imiqulu kakhulu kwaye ibangele ukusebenza udubulo. E Yamal, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ebhalwe "dibanisa" iirekhodi ubushushu, umhlaba nomkhe- ukuya kubunzulu enkulu. Ngaba kunyibilike ndawonye naye kunye "egesi" zibambene.

Ngowe-1 m ³ methane ukuphilisa iqulethe irhasi 163 m ^3. Xa igesi uqalisa kwabelwa, inkqubo uba udaka (by zityalwe Velocity ifuze ngeeatom). Kukho ukwanda amandla angathethekiyo lingaphosela setoni zomhlaba.

Yamal komgodi kunye Bermuda Triangle

kutshanje komhlaba baye bafumanisa: iimeko ezinjalo Akubona ukuba permafrost. Gas ukuphilisa oluhlala kwi emanzini anzongonzongo kakhulu, umzekelo, elininzi phezu emazantsi Lake zamanzi. Mhlawumbi Ukunyamalala ezibuhlungu iinqanawa moya kummandla Bermuda Triangle ezinxulumene methane. Wavele, komile endaweni leyo awo amakhulu ukuphilisa. Xa yalerhasi hayi emkhenkceni zixinaniswe koxinzelelo olukhulu.

Xa uqala of kuqweqwe lomhlaba, iinyikima abelwe izixa ezikhulu methane, ndileqeka komhlaba. Amanzi litshintsha iimpawu, ezele amaqamza amancinci ezifana champagne kwaye ulahlekelwa mninzi. Ngenxa yoko, akukho esakwazi iinqanawa, baze ke barhaxwe. Kanye apha emoyeni, methane kwakhona litshintsha iimpawu zayo, ukuphazamisa moya.

day namhlanje

Yamal umngxuma emnyama akusekho ezinjalo. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, yena wazaliswa ngamanzi anyibilike yaye zidibana kunye echibini ezikufutshane. Inkqubo walandelwa thawing nokonakaliswa kweebhanki esebenzayo.

Kakhulu ukwazi na ubungqina ngamangqina amaninzi, wazichaza inkqubo ukuyilwa ndawo ngo-2016. ukusilela New Yamal kwasungulwa Julayi 5 Seyakha kwintshona elalini, wakhangela ngathi ukujaduka nyama- giza. nabo enamandla zomphunga kwaqhubeka malunga neeyure ezi-4, kodwa ukwakha ilifu abangaboniyo lenyuka ukuya kubude iikhilomitha ezintlanu.

Abasebenzi of St. Petersburg bamanzi Institute ngaphambili ekhangelwe nkalwana kule ndawo. Waziwa ngokuba nzulu kakhulu "mngxuma" amachibi, embhoxo odumileyo Yamal umngxuma. Ubunzulu kwelinye neentshatsheli -. M 71 Ngaphezu koko, izibambi-khumbula ukuba ezikhutshwayo ezinjalo kwenzeka ngaphambili yaye bephelekwa ngamalangatye omlilo.

izigqibo nezinzima

Encomekayo methane ukuphilisa iidipozithi saa ehlabathini. ukufudumala Climate kungabangela ukuba chain reaction of onokudubula emhlabeni wonke. Iibhiliyoni eetoni methane kulo mzekelo, ukutshintsha isakhiwo emoyeni, yaye kungakhokelela ekutshabalaleni ngobuninzi bonke ubomi. Ngoko Yamal umngxuma emnyama yinto ebalulekileyo uphando.

Rekhoda lobushushu kwiminyaka 2015-2016 amgibile ukuyilwa yimingxuma ezintsha ezincinane. Bona ebekwe bonke kwindawo enye zemozulu. Ngoko ke, lo ngowona kwalowo ngokukhawuleza permafrost ke ingcambu unobangela kwazo.

Enye indlela umbono

Asiyiyo yonke ukuxhasa ingcamango obanzi izazinzulu. Kuqala kwinto zonke, abagxeki elintlangothi ngokuchasene nemvelo kakuhle kuloo mngxuma, apho, xa ukukhutshwa methane enamandla zagutyungelwa ukuqhekeka. Kananjalo kumangaliswa imali encinane dubulo rock izikhulu.

Mhlawumbi Yamal wentaba - ngesiphumo isiphumo Larmor, oko kukuthi, ifuthe ngumoya elanga kwimimandla ezimbini ngaphantsi komhlaba ... Esisukela amasuntswana ityala, umbutho kwendawo, umkhenkce linyibilike, ukwakha izakhiwo ifomu ring efanelekileyo. Ukuba indlela imisinga kubefundisi amasuntswana yesiqalo kwenzeka efunde kwi amathanda okanye ukuphilisa igesi, oko extruded kwi Larmor buthelezi. Izazinzulu ukufunda ukungaphumeleli, musa kulawula ukuba imfundiso.

Nangona kunjalo, akanako wayethingaza ngaphakathi imvelaphi endalo isenzeko. Usingasiqithi ligcwele ngokoqobo kunye namachibi ezincinane, iisosi, yiba ubunzulu omkhulu. Kucacile ukuba, kwasekwa efanayo kusilela Yamal. Ngokutsho izifundo, ezi nkqubo senzeka kwiminyaka 8,000 eyadlulayo, kwaye kwakhona namandla ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu.