Emeraldi kolwandle: Ushwankathelo, iimpawu kunye neempawu

technology lanamhlanje ukuze phambili ukuba phambi kokuba umntu okunene kuvulwa amathuba mda. Indalo unesisa, kodwa koovimba ayo akukho mda. Ubuhle kunye neempawu amatye zendalo maxa wambi okuphawuleka, kodwa iindleko zabo zingakwazi nokulungiseka yonke Connoisseur sokuhomba. Ngoko ke, elinywa matye lab zifunwa kwaye ethandwa kakhulu.

yirubhi kolwandle - umzekelo ocacileyo. Ngelishwa, asiyiyo yonke eziqhelekileyo kunye iimpawu kunye neempawu la matye, nekhethe ngokusekelwe ukunganqondwa ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaninzi bakholelwa loo ubuncwane into ngaphezu kokuba eyenziwe cheap liboniswa ingqalelo. Xa iikarbhunkolo Enyanisweni ezilinywa iilebhu, bafanelwe ingqalelo yethu.

Kolwandle emeraldi: yintoni na kwaye kutheni na efunekayo?

Bekuya Kubonakala ukuba oko kufuneka likhule bokuba amatye ukuba kukho kwiinkalo ezininzi ehlabathini lonke? Kodwa ezibangela le meko thile. Chief phakathi kwabo unxulunyaniswa iimpawu ilitye yendalo - in ngokwemvelo iikarbhunkolo ezinqabe kakhulu enkulu. Akumangalisi ke, amaxabiso ubuncwane ezinkulu inokubhabha emazulwini. Nkqu ziikristale yi idayimani eqatywe-5 ukuze kuziindleko ngaphezu ubungakanani - Kakade, ngaphandle komsebenzi imibala elungileyo elubala. Kodwa ukhule phantse naluphi yikristale elabhoratri.

Amatye amancinci ubungakanani ziikristale iswekile kuwa ezandleni abanamakhono bejewellery. Bona ngayo, sanded okanye ubuso, ukuhombisa kubo izacholo, walungiselela ngeenxa ilitye engundoqo. Kodwa uthuli entle kakhulu ukuba akafanelekanga ukuba kunjalo. Yaba yena ongena ilebhu, apho uzimilisa ziikristale of nelesmarado kolwandle. Kudla bejewellery ukusebenzisa libya endalo. Abasusa le inclusions angaphandle kunye ubumdaka batyunyuzwa, emva koko abasakwazi ezifanelekileyo ezikhulayo ziikristale ophezulu ezikumgangatho ezintle. Lo ngumzekelo elimangalisayo eyiyo yokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo, ukunyamekela ubutyebi okunikwa yi ngemvelo - kuba yinto into kuchithwa nje kude. Kodwa kunokuba nokuba ngokungeyomfuneko, ibiya kubonakala, uthuli ndoda yafumanisa ukuba ukudala ubuhle.

Imbali zokulima yokufakelwa kwe iikarbhunkolo

Ithekhnoloji into entsha, waba ngaphezu kancinane ngaphezu kwekhulu. Emerald kolwandle eyenziweyo lichaza imbali yayo ku-1888. Izazinzulu Perret Otfel akubona kuqala owayezama ukukhula kule gem elabhoratri, kodwa experiment lwabo nempumelelo wabeka isiseko ubuchwepheshe obutsha, nto leyo lisetyenziswa imihla yethu.

Ngowe-1911, Kwimeko wathabatha izazinzulu evela eJamani, ngubani wakwazi ukuthutha kakhulu phambili. Kodwa ke urhulumente wakuvala ukusasazwa wokupapashwa neziphumo zophando, lonke uphuhliso ayegcinwe eyimfihlo de 1960. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba umoya emfihlekweni shrouding ukufezekisa mineralogists German, wanika ihlabathi isizathu sokuba bacinge malunga neziphumo emangalisayo ngemigudu yabo. Enyanisweni, ukubonakala amatye kolwandle, ziveliswe eJamani, makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, amagqabi kangako. Ababazalela zifana kancinane yokuqala.

Kamva, ezinye izazinzulu ezininzi inxaxheba kuphando kunye imifuniselo practical. Namhlanje sinokuthi ubuchwepheshe imveliso iikarbhunkolo kolwandle lugqibelele.

inkqubo Iimpawu

Mhlawumbi wonke umntu oye wafunda kwi-School of Physics, ndiyaqonda isihloko ngaphandle kobunzima, ukuba ubuchwepheshe isekelwe iinkqubo ezinxulumene namanzi kunye neqondo lobushushu. It ngokwenene. Oku kwenzeka ngolu hlobo.

Le umgubo ezifunyenwe endalo cut ngokunjalo iikarbhunkolo libya, singena phakathi esisodwa. Le isikepe ukuqalisa ukusebenzisa kwimpembelelo components machiza kwaye iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. Le umgubo itshitshisiwe sesinyibilikisi womelele - amanzi.

Le nqanawa ke ngoko ibekwe kwindawo ekhethekileyo kunye lobushushu isezantsi, apho inkqubo crystallization ithatha indawo. Iikarbhunkolo ezifakwe kwi-zeendawana imbewu. Ukuqonda oko kuthethwa kolwandle yirubhi, singathetha ngayo indlela ekunokuba efana yokuqala. Ngapha koko, inkqubo ukwakheka zendalo kule gem iya ecaleni imigca efanayo, kodwa kuthatha izigidi zeminyaka. Laboratory ilitye efanayo ukhandwa kuphela malunga ngenyanga.

Amathuba: imilo, ubukhulu, umgangatho

Izazinzulu bayakwazi ukukhula kolwandle nelesmarado phantse naziphi na iimpawu.

Umzekelo, kwindalo phantse ziphinde zenzeke iikarbhunkolo obala epheleleyo. Baphantse azinakuqulatha inclusions. Ukungabikho inclusions kwi yikristale, ingakumbi enkulu, yenye iimpawu eziphambili womgunyathi. Oko kukuthi, ingekho yirubhi kolwandle, kwaye isiqwenga iglasi, iplastiki okanye ezinye izinto zokwenziwa, apho kungekho ngokunxulumene nelesmarado. Kodwa ziikristale laboratory-akhule abe inclusions ezincinane, kwakunye namatye zendalo. Le nkqubo kunzima ukulawula, yenzeka ngokwawo, kuba yonke into ulandela indlela efanayo efakwa zendalo.

Ngokubhekisele ifomu, okunokwenzeka avulekela zesayensi ngokwaneleyo. Banako ukufumana cishe ilitye aya kujika abe ndlovu entle xa kunqunyulwa. Ukongeza, le yemigaqo ukukhula amatye mikhulu, kodwa kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba oku kuyenzeka kunqabile. Emerald enkulu ephazamisayo, lidiza of womgunyathi. Ngoko ke, nkqu akude kolwandle zidla ezincinane.

Properties ht iikarbhunkolo

GEMS zeLebhu-akhule abe indlela yemichiza efanayo zendalo. Baye ezixineneyo, ukuba akukho lula ukusingatha. Kolwandle emeraldi ngenkankulu kwahlukile abangaboniyo evela zendalo, kodwa usenalo ezinye iimpawu:

• iikarbhunkolo ht uhlale elubala phezulu;
• ziqulathe inclusions eluhlobo ngemibhobho;
• Basenokuba saa amabala sinombala;
• ngamanye amaxesha ziquka amaqamza;
• ukuze blue-eluhlaza.

Kakade ke, ezi mpawu ezo kunokuba eqhelekileyo. Ngeendlela ezininzi, iimpawu ilitye kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zobugcisa kunye feedstock.

Ingaba kufana khona?

Kolwandle nelesmarado efana ilitye yendalo womelele kakhulu. Kangangokuba maxa wambi nkqu othengisa sokuqeqeshelwa kuba nzima ukufumanisa imvelaphi itshe.

Kodwa zonke iiyantlukwano ezicacileyo iimpawu ezifanayo ziqala apho beziyeke khona. Le yinto Awekho inkcazelo kunye nenkcazelo kunye neefomula, ukuba uyeza ako kwizigidi zeminyaka ngamandla Ukwakheka. emeraldi Natural edlala emiphethweni, zendalo elangeni, ziikristale kolwandle ngokupheleleyo asikwazi ukwenza nto kolu khuphiswano.

Ukusetyenziswa in ubucwebe

Eli litye ke idla luyasetyenzwa elungiselwe isakhelo endilisekileyo, nkqu izindlu jewellery kakhulu ezaziwayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-emeraldi kolwandle asiyo imikhuba emibi, Kakade ke, ukuba kukho ixabiso eyaneleyo kunye nokungabikho lobuqhophololo.

Xa ukwenza bejewellery jewellery zilawulwa imithetho ethile. Kuba iikarbhunkolo GT ezongeziweyo kusengqiqweni zifuneka. Umzekelo, namakhubalo yismarado kolwandle bahombise zirconia cc, ziikristale abengezelayo rock, ezinye ubuncwane kolwandle. Metal ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa eqhelekileyo ngegolide ebengezelayo nesilivere.

amaxabiso

Enye inkalo eyahlula yirubhi kolwandle, - ixabiso. Kakade ke, ukuba liphantsi kakhulu xa ilitye ziyalingana, babesongiwa indalo.

Ixabiso avareji elityeni nesindindeneyo yi iidola ne30-50 eqatywe nganye. Kwezinye iimeko, iindleko angaba phezulu - umzekelo, amatye kunye Labuya cut kakhulu.

Zokuzikhusela xa uthenga

Ukuba ufuna umsesane kunye yirubhi kolwandle, esazi kwangaphambili ingakumbi imvelaphi ilitye, umngcipheko ukubaleka amancinci fake. Khumbula ukuba amaxesha le gem ezininzi yomelele iglasi, ngeke kube lula kakhulu ekuqaleni. Ukongeza, nekarbhunkolo GT umbala nzulu, ngokufuthi ngokundibamba emsi.

Enye into, ukuba othengisa wobuqili uvelisa zamntu ezikhuliswa ngamatye yendalo. Kulo mzekelo, umngcipheko wokulahla imali enkulu. Ayizizo zonke othengisa kulula ukwahlula mbumbulu. Ngoko ke, xa uthenga izacholo iikarbhunkolo zendalo musa ukuthembela abathengisi random, amaxabiso aphantsi kakhulu, izacholo ngaphandle amaxwebhu. Musa ukuthandabuza ukuba ukubuza umthengisi izatifikethi umgangatho, iziphumo zoviwo.

Gxininisa nje kuphela inkangeleko imveliso, kodwa iimvakalelo zabo. Iingcali zithi, ukuba ilitye yakho, uqinisekile ukuba va kwangoko.