Emangcwabeni ngobukhulu ehlabathini ngayo Wadi al-Salam, ethetha "Valley of Ukufa"

Isiko izidumbu umhlaba - isithethe iinkonzo ezininzi zehlabathi. Kule minyaka umhlaba wambu womnatha impucuko "izixeko kwabafileyo", apho bafumana amawaka ezigidi yokusabela efile. Buphi na ke emadlakeni likhulu ehlabathini? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ngumxholo kweli nqaku.

indawo engcwele iinkonzo ezintathu

I-Old Testament ubiza indawo woMgwebo Valley kaYehoshafati, iziqu yi amaKristu yaye amaYuda namaSilamsi. Le yokungcwaba indawo kaKumkani uYehoshafati eYerusalem empumalanga, leyo ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi inqumle oyiKidron (uYehoshafati) intlambo ngeekhilomitha 35 ubude. Phansi elibaleka komlanjana yayo oyiKidron, amanzi ogama ecacileyo ukuphala ukuya kuLwandle oluFileyo. Apha, ngokuba abameli iinkolo zintathu ayikho amangcwaba enye. Kwintili yeKedron idume le yesiHebhere, apho oqingqiweyo eweni:

• Engcwabeni kuAbhisalom (I-II cc. BC. E.).
• Namangcwaba uYehoshafati, uZakariya, oonyana Hezir.
• yokungcwaba Family bakwa Hazir.

AmaKristu entilini iindawo yayo engcwele - engcwabeni umpostile uYakobi kunye Virgin Mary.

Kubonakele indawo yokuphumla yayo ngabantu kwesigidi. Kukholelwa ukuba umfi kwintili yeKedron, ngowokuqala, baya kumkhawulela uThixo; ngoko isithuba angcwatywe zibiza kakhulu - ukusuka $ 1 yezigidi. Hebrew Amangcwaba into multi-sixhobo sekhombuya: kwisiza ngasinye ingcwaba abameli zaphawula ezahlukeneyo zifakwa enye ngezantsi enye ngasentla. Yazi wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni ukuba esekhona mihla. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba izihlalo emangcwabeni yathenga ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo, ayikho nje enkulu ehlabathini.

SaseNtla Western: Cemetery iKalvari

abantu abazizigidi ezithathu sangcwatywa eNew York. Emangcwabeni elibizwa igama kwentaba eKalvari, yaze yahlulwa-hlulwa amacandelo amane, kude enye kwenye. It yasekwa amaKatolika 1848. Ngosuku ngaphambili, emva kokuba ubhubhane eyoyikekayo ikholera, abasemagunyeni kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuvumela ukungcwaba ngaphandle komzi, lo gama equka iBrooklyn Manhattan. imibutho engajonganga nzuzo baye bavunyelwa ukuba ube amadlaka zabucala, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kwamali zabo. Emva kokuba ukunaba kweedolophu iKalvari waye kwisithili, ekuthiwa neQueens. On amazwe bakhe namhlanje 29 "imizi abafileyo 'enabantu kwezigidi ezihlanu, leyo kabini liyalidlula inani abemi bommandla.

Kodwa oku emangcwabeni inkulu ehlabathini. Yeyona inkulu saseNtla Koloni kwaye waziwa kukuba lala apha abantu abaninzi abadumileyo eNew York, ukususela noSodolophu gangsters. Apha, i "kungcwatywa" kunye Don Corleone ( "I owayemele" ngu F. Coppola).

mangcwaba empini

Kuba elabafileyo Dzhona Kennedi nomhlolokazi yakhe, Dzhona Dallesa, oosomajukujuku abafileyo kunye namanye amanani abadumileyo US kwi emangcwabeni kwezomkhosi kwimimandla Washington. кладбище предназначалось для солдат, павших в годы Гражданской войны. Yasekwa ngonyaka ka-1865, Arlington Amangcwaba kwakumele amajoni abafa ngexesha leMfazwe Civil. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imithetho inkunkuma ziye kulawulwa ziziphathamandla US wajika necropolis kwenye yeendawo ezininzi ebekekileyo. Arlington Amangcwaba yenzelwe abasebenzi zomkhosi kunye neentsapho zabo, ngokunjalo nabantu inkonzo kweli lizwe.

nommandla wayo Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iye malunga 320.000 amangcwaba, kodwa - enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ehlabathini (ezimbini ezinesiqingatha ezikwere zeekhilomitha). Lo mzekelo ubonisa ukuba ixesha elide inyathelo emkhosini - unobangela zixhaphakile "sixeko kwabafileyo."

Kakhulu sokulwa

Middle East - ummandla olunzima kakhulu ethno-zonqulo apho Kurds azinayo imeko yabo, kunye Cartoon kunye US babe utoliko olwahlukileyo Islam. Islam - lilungelo leZiko eliQinisekisa Arabhu, kunye US - namaPersi, nangona kukho iimeko ezininzi. Badubule LIH abathi Cartoon Islam, kubani yaye lolawulo Saddam Hussein. Ukususela ekuqalekeni ukusebenza American e-Iraq eye-13, kodwa namhlanje kucacile kubo bonke ukuba umsebenzi weli lizwe akukho mthethweni. Kuyinto isenzo sohlaselo ngqo, engaquki uzalise ukurhoxiswa umkhosi ngo-2010. Ukuxhasa i-US, America kwavusa imfazwe yamakhaya esinzulu, uthotho abagrogrisi kwaye kwaqhambuka ubudlova.

Kulula ukuba baqashele ukuba engcwabeni inkulu ehlabathini ukwakweli ummandla Iraq, sesenza kwegazi. Isixeko ongezantsi Najaf, elingcwele Shiites, ngonyaka ifumana izigidi nabasemzini, enika inani labo eMecca kuphela Medina. Oku kulapho "isixeko abafileyo", owokuqala ezinxulumene nokulahlwa kwenkulungwane VII BC.

Wadi al-Salam in Najaf

Igama yamangcwaba eyaziwa kuyo yonke Muslim. Apha ke wangcwatyelwa Imam yokuqala - Ali, unqulo leyo yenye somahluko Sunnis kunye Shiites. In-mthetho kunye nomzala uMprofethi Muhammad ibandakanyiwe kuzo zonke shahada Shiite. Yiyo loo nto na omele ukuba unqulo ufuna kulala phantsi enye ecaleni kwenye of Allah. Amakholwa Sixelelwa ngemimangaliso ukuba zenzeke niyenze phaya emadlakeni. Konyulwa umoya Imam ngasemva kunye norhulumente nje apho ukholelwa kwikamva nganye. Amakhulu amajoni zamajoni njengengcwaba imihla kwintsimi enkulu, neekhilomitha ngaphezu ezintandathu square.

Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, ezabiwa izalamane US kuyo nayiphi kwikona yelizwe ukususa imizimba yabo Najaf. Inguqulelo yokoqobo igama iyalila emangcwabeni "intlambo yokufa", apho zonke imitha sikwere ukungcwatywa ekhoyo. Kukholelwa ukuba ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-6 abantu baye bafumana apha yokusabela lokugqibela.

kweminyaka yemfazwe

Ukususela ngo-2003, xa baseMerika ahlasela abavukeli Iraqi ezimele phakathi emangcwabeni, ethembele ngoncedo Allah. Ngo-2004, endaweni yawo iimfazwe ngokwenene ukuba ushiye intshabalalo kunye yimingxuma ezivela neziqhushumbisi. Kule mihla, bamngcwaba ukuya kubantu 250-300. Zonke nemigidi ayahlonitshwa phantsi isisongelo uhlaselo. Body yageza, wawusongela kwilinen emhlophe. imithandazo Funeral ebefundwe kwingcwaba Ali, ebezikuyo Bayikhwelisa umfi izihlandlo ezithathu malunga yamangcwaba ka-Imam Mahdi. Amangcwaba efafazwe ngamanzi angcwele, mithetho leyo, yonke rhoqo nakhelwe emnyango ukuya yamangcwaba.

Emangcwabeni ayikaze bavele, oku kubonelelwa ngokulandelelana iinkonzo yase. Apha kwakhona, emkhosini kungcwatywa, kodwa ngamangcwaba abo zikhuselwe inkolo. Xa Iizilebhu ilitye izalamane funda Quran zivela mbombo zone Iraq. Xa yamangcwaba ka-Imam Mahdi olwenziwa qho ngoLwesine umthandazo esisinyanzelo - umthandazo.

anika umdla

• Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-Najaf inabemi abantu ngaphantsi kwe million omnye, lo gama i "Valley of Death" liyalidlula inani izihlandlo 6-7. Inani ngqo wofileyo nako ukubiza nabani.
• Lexinene amangcwaba ngokuchasene nemigangatho yococeko, kodwa akufuneki angqamane emangcwabeni ukuba ihlala isebenza.
• UNESCO iceba ukufaka ingcwaba kuluhlu ebaluleke kakhulu ehlabathini. It bamelana American umyalelo, ecela ukuba elinye isigqibo. It ayamkelwa kude kube ngoku.
• Mangcwaba wenza gypsum wadubula ngezitena. ukwakha amangcwaba Local zizityebi usapho, kuquka komhlaba, ezo leri elide.
• Ukuba Muslim uzibophelele emhlabeni kwenye indawo, loo nto contraindication ukuba kungcwatywa e Al-Nadzhabe.
• Amangcwaba 30-40s eme phakathi kwabanye ngenxa yokuba imitha ezintathu ukuphakama iCathedral elirhangqiweyo.

wamagama

Emangcwabeni inkulu ye-40% ihlabathi liye lenyuka ngenxa yemisebenzi zomkhosi kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Lo xa uxhasa hypothesis ukuba le milinganiselo le "isixeko abafileyo" akunakwenzeka kwindawo enoxolo, cwaka. Imfazwe - ububi engundoqo, inguqu kuMbindi Mpuma endaweni ngakumbi abafileyo apho ngaphezu abaphilayo.