Ekrwada izinto kushishino electrode le. izinto Main ekrwada

Formation ishishini electrode, ulondolozo kunye nokwandiswa eli candelo kunokwenzeka kuphela kumazwe anoqoqosho kuphuhliswa. Urhulumente wokuqala owadalwa eli candelo baba eJamani, USA, Japan. Emva kwabo imveliso electrode baqalisa eSoviet Union.

Ixabiso lika shishino

Nokuveliswa electrode yenye macandelo abaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho. Inika bazimele kwezoqoqosho karhulumente. Ishishini electrode ukhonza njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo zoshishino enzima - yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ayoni, kwaye non-ayoni, eyama ngezobunjineli, ubunjineli yombane kunye elektroniki, amandla atom kunye namanye amashishini amaninzi. Kule meko kuyimfuneko ukuzisa umzekelo Japan. Ngexesha lentlekele, eli lizwe, akuba ewubhangisile, esenyameni imveliso aluminiyam kwaye eyithumela nezixhobo ulondolozo kunye nophuhliso loshishino electrode. Ngenxa yoko, namhlanje kukho iinkampani ngaphezu kwe-100 kweli candelo. abavelisi basekhaya, phezu kwazo nje iingxaki ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene ekunciphiseni kusetyenziso imveliso kuqhubeka kwindawo akhokelayo phakathi kwamazwe ico. Okwangoku kwimarike ukwenza ukhuphiswano abantamo ngokwaneleyo phakathi abenzi kumazwe angaphandle kunye Russian. Phantsi kwezi meko, indawo yokuqala wabeka phambili iimeko ezimbini eziphambili. Ixabiso lokuqala iindleko zokuvelisa. Yena, ke, ichaphazela ixabiso ubuncinane avumelekile athengisa. Izimo yesibini - imfanelo leyo kufuneka electrode ye welding, kwiibloko ende yamaziko, graphites zesakhiwo nezinye iimveliso. Kulo mzekelo, umbuzo ngulo, yintoni na iziphumo eziphathekayo yokusebenzisa - yintoni ukusetyenziswa ethile, kuya kusebenza le mveliso.

Eyona wengxenye iindleko nomgangatho

Ukwenziwa kwezi zalathisi iphenjelelwa yimiba ezininzi. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi iindleko zothutho, izixhobo, inkqubo amafutha, abasebenzi, umbane kunye nezinye izinto. Zonke ezi ndleko babumba ngaphezu kwe-80% yeendleko zemveliso. Ekrwada izinto kushishino electrode le yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Ichaphazela na iindleko kuphela, kodwa umgangatho kwimveliso. Kulo mba, isiseko resource shishini livela njengomnye izikhombisi zoqoqosho kunye nobugcisa okhuphiswano.

Isakhiwo yokusebenzisa izinto

Oku kumiselwa ngokungqinelana kunye nokuhlelwa esisiseko imveliso eyenziweyo eRashiya. Ngokukodwa, amashishini basekhaya ukuvelisa:

• electrode grafayithi for emlilweni zombane.
• Carbon kunye grafayithi cathode iibhloko.
• Electrode kunye nobunzima ekuveliseni lesilicon aluminium.
• grafayithi lokwakheka oshishino awohlukeneyo.
• Electrode ye welding arc njalo njalo.

izinto Main ekrwada

amashishini Domestic basebenzisa ezahlukeneyo izinto. zithathwa ezivame kakhulu zezi:

• Petroleum coke. Kusenokwenzeka ezikumgangatho ezizodwa okanye zesiqhelo.
• coke shale kunye acicular.
• anthracite kwezobugcisa.
• Coal tar pitch.

Ubunzima kunye nezinto

Namhlanje eRashiya akukho iinkampani ezivelisa elisezantsi-sulphur petroleum coke. Malunga 200 lamawaka. Iitoni izinto ekrwada lubonakele ngaphandle kwelizwe ku Turkmenistan, apho ukukhululwa yakhe ngenxa yesizathu esithile lehla. Okwangoku, ukhetho ezifanelekileyo kukudala kweeyunithi hydrotreating ngenxa coking feedstock in izihluzi. Oku kuya kunika kukhululwe eziphathekayo kunye sulphur reduced kwintsimi Russian. Kodwa kufezekiswe iiprojekthi processing enzulu oyile yimfuneko yokuhlaziya izicokisi ezininzi kubandakanya ukunciphisa umthamo izinto ekrwada ukuba coking. Izinto ezithengwe ubukhulu becala acicular aphesheya. Ezi abanikezela ngazo eUnited States naseJapan. Yeyona izinto ekrwada kwishishini electrode obuvelisiweyo kunye izicokisi zasekhaya Novoufimsky. Le nkampani yabonisa amathuba okwenyani umthamo efunekayo kunye nomgangatho wayo. Okokuqala ziveliswa abanamava kwaye ngoko nebhetshi woshishino eziphathekayo. Issue Imali eseleyo amawaka 1.5. Tonnes. Namhlanje, kuxhomekeke kwi amaxesha zingafumanekiyo eshotayo oyile iphantsi-nesalfure. Ezinye iinkampani ukubonisa iziphumo izinzile ekuveliseni izixhobo. Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye yazinza ukusa kumkhamo othile, umgangatho amalahle tar pitch. Noko ke, asingabo bonke amashishini inxaxheba laqalisa ukuvelisa amabakala eziphathekayo "A" kwaye "B". Yeyona ekrwada izinto kushishino electrode ke kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko kubonakala kwinani odolo kuye. Zingaphawulwa uzinzo kunye nokukhululwa nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, oku kusebenza phezulu pyrolysis ukuba bangenza njenge- isongezo yamalahle. Amanyathelo Inkqubo ngamnye, la macandelo kubalulekile. Akukho kukhululwa lobushushu eliphezulu amalahle tar pitch (brand "T"). Kufuneka ukufumana zokwakha uhlobo carbon.

Isimo se lamashishini zasekhaya

Ukwehla ingqalelo kwingxaki yonikezelo izinto ekrwada kushishino electrode i kwabangela ukunqongophala kwezinto carbon kunye nokwanda kwempahla - ukusuka ku-35 ukuya kwi-100%. Ngenxa yoko, ukulungiselela mbilini kumacandelo iikwari anthracite amasimi Kolyvansky zobugcisa, ibekwe kummandla naseNovosibirsk, kunye lag bamhluba umsebenzi ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5, kuye kwabangela ukwehla elibukhali kwimveliso kunye nokwandiswa izinto ekrwada. utshintsho olumandla eyenzeke unikezelo lwezincedisi imveliso grafayithi noshowo. Ngokunxulumene ukupheliswa yemveliso pyrolysis coke ngo-1992-94. kakhulu kwanciphisa umthamo yazo. kubangela ingxaki nokoyika ekufumaneni izinto ezizezinye ezifunekayo izisombululo ngokukhawuleza. Moscow macingo yeziTyalo, yaye emva kwakhe kunye nez (inkampani Novocherkassk) waqalisa umsebenzi wophando kunye nophuhliso malunga nokuveliswa lobuchwepheshe grafayithi noshowo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, intsebenziswano kunye shale Works e Estonia yasekwa.

Impumelelo leenkampani Russian

EChelyabinsk macingo Plant kamva nabo bathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi efanayo. Ngenxa imigca ezintsha zophando kwi nkampani iye yamiselwa. Ngenxa yoko, CEZ wakhupha inyanda yemiyinge ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe noshowo grafayithi pitch coke. Izinto ezi izinto amashishini zasekhaya. Abalinganiswa le mifanekiso eziveliswa ziyangqinelana kwabo wenza kusetyenziswa coke petroleum. Ngoko ukuba isonjululwe ingxaki kubonelelo yemiyinge ezahlukeneyo izinto ngokubanzi-njongo. Ukongeza, wawubuyisela imveliso nokuthumela kwimveliso amandla enyukliya ukusuka grafayithi noshowo ifunelwa ukwakha nokulungisa kweeyunithi RBMK. Ukuze ugqibezele uphuhliso coke pitch wayekhonza isikhombisi kwi graphites zezakhiwo, kufuneka udibana amanyathelo ezithile kubuchwepheshe kunye nobugcisa kwinkqubo nokulungiselela kunye noqeqesho.

izinto kwabalinganiswa

Ekuveliseni zonke iintlobo carbon kunye grafayithi izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo izithako yendalo neyenziweyo. Icandelo ephambili kulo izenzo carbon. Phakathi kwezinye izinto zendalo kufuneka iqaqambise grafayithi yendalo anthracite. izakhi yokufakelwa, nakuba kunjalo, yenza lo isambuku feedstock carbon. iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngezixhobo yinto ephambili ezifunyenwe yokubola oganikhi khompawundi. Ukuze kwakheke kwisigaba ulwelo okanye igesi. Kwakhona, ukuba bamkele evela yokubola iikhompawundi eqinileyo. Ukususela kwisigaba igesi akhiwa, umzekelo kumabakala ezithile carbon abamnyama, ukusuka kulwelo, ke, - cokes petroleum. Izinto zokuqala kunye nendlela processing abe nempembelelo tsotsololo iimpawu imveliso yokugqibela.

Zonke izinto raw kushishino electrode i zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela-2: izakhi eziqinileyo carbon kunye yokuhlanganisa. Makhe sihlole kubo.

eqinile

1. Anthracite. Kusebenza ingxenye eyinhloko iibhloko carbon kwaye i electrode ezisetyenziswa ingaphakathi wamatye neebhafu, nasezimbizeni, njl Iimfuno eziphambili zezi ukuba anthracite .:

1. Umxholo low nesalfure.
2. ukumelana emhlabeni.
3. umxholo ash Low.
4. amandla Mechanical.
5. Le Unikezelo lombane eliphezulu.

Ukusetyenziswa anthracite kwi zililo kuphucula nokusebenza kweemveliso, ngokuyintloko conductivity lwabo thermal.

2. Cox. Le yenye yeendima ezibalulekileyo electro kunye noshishino electrode. Namhlanje, iindidi ezimbini engumxube iyafumaneka. Imvelaphi - oyile - yenziweyo coking zeentsalela petroleum. iimpawu zayo kuxhomekeka kuhlobo eqala eziphathekayo. Ekwenziweni kwale hlobo lwenziwa ngeendlela-2. Ngokutsho carbonization lokuqala oluqhutywa iityhubhu metal shushu. Indlela yesibini - inkqubo kade kwiiseli okulala. Uhlobo lwesibini lukhutshwe processing of amalahle tar pitch.

grafayithi

Eli candelo isetyenziswa uninzi izinto carbon. Xa kuqhutywa grafayithi ubunzima yokuphucula ductility yayo, kunciphise ukukhuhlana ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Oku kuvumela electrode luthe ukuba ukuwelda kunye nezinye iimveliso. Kaloku inani elincinane grafayithi (4-6%) kunempembelelo entle iimpawu imveliso. Ngokukodwa, kwenyusa ukuxhathisa ubushushu kunye conductivity nobushushu. The main iparameters ezibonakalisa kumabanga umgangatho grafayithi, zezona unikezelo ubungakanani nothuthu. Noko ke, ukuba zanele kuphela kwimeko xa kufikwa idipozithi izinto ezithile kunye nendlela ngawo. Kuba ixabiso elinye index graphites of imvelaphi eyahlukeneyo zahluke kwezinye izakhiwo.

inkqubo

indlela Slow ukuvelisa coke ngoku ingqalelo kakhulu zithandwa. Undoqo yale nkqubo kuxhomekeke yokuba umbandela osuke ukuba degrees 500, Impontshelwa kwi zamandla okulala zigqunyiwe evela ngaphandle. Ngokutsho kwiziphaluka ezahlukeneyo kwiyunithi lingamiselwa ukusuka zamandla-2 ukuya ku-4. Iqondo lobushushu olunikezelweyo degrees 470-480, yaye ingcinezelo - ukuya ku 1.7 ATM. Le yunithi yenzelwe ukugcwalisa ebudeni bemini. Emva uhambo lwakhe bazaliswa reactor iyabiliswa. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bavune umbandela amaqhezu petroleum distillate. Nabo ke, wathumela column ulwelo.