Colombian uMongameli (Juan Manuel Santos) - winner 2016 Nobel Peace Prize

Ngowe-2016, uMongameli Colombia waphumelela iimbasa ehlabathini lonke. Oku ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe kuphelisa imfazwe yamakhaya kwelo lizwe, eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu. Nobel Peace Prize wabhengezwa ekwindla.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga lizwe

Eli lizwe use eMzantsi Merika, xa inxalenye kumntla-ntshona. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba abantu bokuqala ababehlala kwelo lizwe kwi BC ngenkulungwane elinesihlanu. Zizo ezo izizwe ngokuzingela.

Ekuqaleni ixesha zethu amaIndiya babehlala apha. Ukususela ngenkulungwane yeshumi baqalisa amazwe izwekazi baseSpeyin. ngexesha lolawulo waze 1818, xa uSimon Bolivar wavakalisa kokuzimela Colombia Great.

urhulumente kwabunjwa phantsi igama New Granada. It yayikhona kuze-1886, lo gama Colombian uMongameli Rafael Moledo ukuba basayine umgaqo-siseko. Olu xwebhu fixed ulawulo ndawonye kunye lizwe labizwa ngokuba Republic of Colombia.

njengorhulumente wale mihla

Namhlanje eli lizwe kuthiwa Republic of Colombia. Idla ngokuba "Gateway eMzantsi Melika" ngenxa yomda wayo uhlanjiweyo yi-Pacific Ocean kunye noLwandle lweCaribbean. Elikomkhulu emzini Bogota. Kuyinto ekhaya kubantu abangaphezulu kwe elinanye million, kuquka uMongameli Colombia.

Ukususela 1964 kweli lizwe kukho imfazwe yamakhaya. Kubekho amaqela amaninzi wamajoni walwa imfazwe kunye namagunya asemthethweni ukuba izimvo zabo. Namhlanje, inxalenye imikhosi exhobileyo unqamkile khona, kodwa kukho abo phakathi imfazwe.

Inkqubo yezopolitiko

Head of State, kwakunye norhulumente, nguye umongameli Colombia. Yena wonyulwa iminyaka emine, elivuselelwa ikota yesibini.

Urhulumente iquka kwipalamente bicameral (Congress):

• States - oko iqulathe eNdlu yeeNgwevu 102, kunyulwa iminyaka emine.
• House of Representatives - kuquka 166 amasekela, abantu abakhethiweyo iminyaka emine.

UMongameli weRiphabliki

Ngexesha uphila urhulumente ulawula ezininzi kuThixo iinkokheli. Abongameli Colombia (uluhlu iqulathe abameli ngaphezu amahlanu) basoloko ngokwesimo magama ezininzi, kodwa hayi mkrozweni mnye, kodwa emva kwexesha.

Uluhlu kwaboNgameli ukuma intloko karhulumente ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye:

• Rafael Núñez.
• Miguel Antonio.
• Rafael Reyes Prieto.
• Alfonso López Pumarejo.
• Gustavo Rojas Pinilla.
• Alberto Camargo.
• Guillermo Leon Valencia.
• NoMishayeli Pastrana Borrero.
• Alfonso López Michelsen.
• Julio Cesar Ayala.
• Ernesto Samper.
• Juan Manuel Santos.

Yayingubani umongameli wokuqala Colombia? Ukubala ukususela ekuqaleni isibhengezo kwiriphabliki, umongameli yabamba Rafael Núñez. Le endala wezopolitiko, intatheli, igqwetha kunye nombhali. Waziwa ngokuba nombhali la mazwi umhobe wesizwe ka Colombia.

Nunez wazalwa 25.09.1825 unyaka Colombia. Waba ngumgwebi wesithili ePanama, ngo-1848, yasekwa iphephandaba lakhe siziyolise kwezopolitiko. Uye wabamba iintlobo ezikuyo kunye nezithuba, waba ngumlungiseleli ezemali, laso, ummeli-lizwe e Liverpool.

Nunez inxaxheba ekulweni yonyulo ka-1878, kodwa akazange aphumelele. wathabatha ngumongameli ngo-1880. Kwaba ngexesha coffee wakhe imveliso kumazwe angaphandle engundoqo ye lizwe, ngokubuyisela icuba, ethe yalahleka kwayo eYurophu ngenxa mgangathweni.

Kuba ixesha lesibini Rodrigo Moledo waba ngumongameli ngo-1884. Yaba nguye owabhala inani amanqaku ezathi anxulumene kuphuculo siseko. yonyulwa-izihlandlo ezimbini emva kokuba yena: ngo-1887 no-1892. Nunez wafa 09.18.1894 ngonyaka.

Namhlanje uMongameli zikaRhulumente

Juan Manuel Santos wazalwa 10.08.1951 kunyaka eBogota. usapho lwakhe inxaxheba kwezopolitiko ngaphezu isizukulwana omnye. Ngoko ke umzalwana tatomkhulu wam yaba kwi intloko Colombia kwisiqingatha sokuqala kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Yena Edward Santos, waseka waza waba umhleli we phephandaba odumileyo. Umzala waba vice mongameli phantsi Uribe.

Juan Manuel Santos wafunda kwiYunivesithi yase Kansas yaye ngowe-1973 waba Bachelor of Economics. Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko yanikezelwa isidanga master Jonga London School of Economics. Ngowe-1981 waphumelela isidanga yenkosi kuRhulumente Kennedy School, owayesebenza kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard.

Ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi, Santos sele etshatile kabini. iqabane lakhe yokuqala umlawuli kunye neentetho kamabonakude Sylvia Amaya Londoño. Bahlala kunye ukususela 1987 ukuya 1989. Ukhetho lwesibini yaba umzobi industrial Maria Rodriguez Muner. Xa umtshato ke wazala abanye oonyana ababini (Martin and esteban) kunye nentombi Maria Antonia.

umsebenzi Political:

• UMphathiswa of Trade Foreign;
• UMphathiswa wezeziMali;
• UMphathiswa wezoKhuselo.

Ukususela ngo-2010, Santos waqalisa ukulwa kwakhe gameli, abe umviwa kaMongameli. Kumjikelo wokuqala imbangi yakhe olona Antanas Mockus. Ukuze siphumelele, Santos akazange abe ekhulwini ezine kwivoti - wafumana 46,5%. Kumjikelo wesibini, 69,06% kwabavoti ivotele ngumongameli yangoku.

Ngowe-2014 waba uphinde wonyulwa ukuba ikota yesibini. Uya kuma kwi intloko karhulumente de 2018.

Ngowe-2016, umongameli ndakwazi ukuyeka imfazwe yamakhaya, eyathatha ukususela ngowe-1991. Ke utyikitye isivumelwano uxolo neqela main yabanqolobi. Kodwa abaninzi bakholelwa ihlabathi iyaxokozela kakhulu. Kangakanani uya kuhlala, akukho mntu owaziyo.

UMongameli yanikezelwa ukuba kakhulu kwangaphambili. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba uza kwenza konke okusemandleni ukugcina uxolo kweli lizwe.