Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore e Florence: photo, lokwakha, ingaphakathi

abakhenkethi Independent ukufika e Florence, ebomini Siyaleza ngamandla utyelelo, ngaphandle kwindawo Senor, i-Bridge Endala kunye Uffizi Palace, nal idumileyo liyabonakala yalo emangalisayo Italian mzi-museum - Cathedral ka Santa Maria del Fiore. Iifoto kunye nemifanekiso le wobugcisa wezakhiwo uya mhlawumbi ubone. Kwaye le mifanekiso wayedla nomoya nezakhiwo ezishinyeneyo kwitempile awuvumeli ukuba ukufumana efanelekileyo ukufaka yonke into. Kodwa ke kubhetele kakhulu nayiphi na iifoto aya kubona isandla Cathedral lokuqala - xa ilanga gilds amajukujuku ebomvu ngobunono okanye xa Italian velvet ubusuku kuvutha izibane ukhanyiso okumangalisayo. Oku ibandla kunye, ubutyebi bembali umdla uphawu. Xa intliziyo Florence Renaissance buchopho Titans wazibalula ngamatye.

Imbali Cathedral

Izicwangciso ukwakha itempile engundoqo esi sixeko, eyaye yamkelwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane weshumi elinesithathu. Kodwa aninako athi Cathedral ka Santa Maria del Fiore e Florence yakhiwa ukusuka ekuqaleni. Kwakukho ibandla elincinane Saint Reparate. Kwaye ke edume sale Basilica ukhetheke ukuba zange uqale kwakhiwa apho isakhiwo yangaphambili ngelo xesha kutshatyalaliswa. Reparata Holy de kuye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane weshumi kwakujongwa njengeyona patroness yesixeko. Eli nani semi-kaHomer. intombi Young ukusuka ePalestina unenzondelelo ya nxaniso esulungekisiweyo amaRoma ezahlukeneyo ngenkohlakalo ngenxa yokuzinikela kwawo ubuKristu ngenkulungwane III. Church of St. Reparata yakhiwa malunga ngenkulungwane yesithandathu. Kodwa kwakhona kungekhona cleaner. Kumaxesha amandulo kumi amaqaba. Ekuqaleni ubuKristu lokubhaptiza lakhe ecaleni yakhiwa (ukuba ubhaptizo neophytes igumbi). Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngeenxa yokulifumana emangcwabeni ibandla. Emva kwexesha Ukuba kwisininzi amangcwaba xesha wasiwa museum etempileni.

megalomania ephakathi?

Into yokuqala loo nto yabothusa kubakhenkethi beze Duomo - yecawa, na ubukhulu bayo. Lokubhaptiza kunye Campanile (intsimbi Tower) zohlukile, nangona zifakiwe kwisakhiwo bokwakha. Kodwa ukwakha itempile iyamangalisa ngokwenene ubungakanani bayo ingxilimbela. Yintoni na, apho loo megalomania? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, simele sikhumbule, xa wakha Cathedral ka Santa Maria del Fiore. Florence ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIII bafumana impumelelo kwezoqoqosho kwaye kubangwe kwitumente phakathi ziiriphabliki ezidolophini. Kwaye predominated kuphela eItali, kodwa kulo lonke Western Europe. Ukubonakalisa ubunkokheli yayo (ubukhulu becala izitha zayo ezinkulu - Siena kunye Pisa), kwaye kwagqitywa ekubeni ukwakha inkulu ngelo xesha kuloo ndlu yecawa kunye Campanile aphezulu. Ngokwesi sicwangciso, icawa kwafuneka liqhube isiqingatha abemi Thethani ezidolophini, nto leyo ngelo xesha lafikelela eyothusayo - alithoba amawaka abantu. Isakhiwo isikali enjalo iye umngeni ubugcisa izakhiwo ephakathi. Yena yafunyanwa Arnolfo di Cambio, umakhi odumileyo, ogama projekthi e Florence wayesele sakhiwe i Palazzo Vecchio kunye Holy Cross Church.

Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore: umakhi

Ukwakhiwa ibandla sonto ngumbandela udumo. kwafuneka ukuba ekhethekileyo sakhiwo. Ngoko ke, umakhi Arnolfo amathambo kude Gothic ncwadi, wayala ukwakha izakhiwo engcwele ngokohlobo umnqamlezo Latin. Ngaloo ndlela, phezu ibandla ifuze ileta "T". Lomhleli wazibandakanya umnqamlezo Latin kunye rotunda phambili, oko isithsaba kunye nkundla. neenafu ezintathu kwabelwana ngabo iintsika bebekwe ngokubanzi. Kunye nethemba eli rotunda kunye esibingelelweni kwigumbi kwi transept. Di Cambio akazange akwazi ukubona ukuzaliseka wembewu yabo. Wafa 1302, kwaye Cathedral ka Santa Maria del Fiore, lowo wamazisa icebo ixesha elide ijikwe ibe esakhiweni ishiywe. Esi sixeko nje kukuba bengenayo imali eyaneleyo ukuze le projekthi yebhongo. Phuma kwi crisis zemali yafunyanwa 1330: ngendlela emangalisayo eCaweni Reparate "wafumana" ezingcwele Saint Zenobia, yaye emva konyaka umsebenzi waqalwa.

alandela Mbasa

Umxhasi "project kwenkulungwane" iye yaba enamandla Abarhwebi ivenkile noboya (Arte Lana della). Yena usiqeshileyo namnye kodwa ngumzobi odumileyo kunye umakhi Giotto. Kodwa ke inkosi udumo kakhulu ukuphumeza isicwangciso kuneyokuqala. Waza waqala ukwakha Campanile. Xa wafa (1337), yayakhiwe kumgangatho awo kuphela. Kwaye kwakhona bhuxe umsebenzi iminyaka elishumi ngenxa Enkulu Black sichotho. Ngowe-1349, ikhuni engundoqo wezakhiwo Francesco Talenti wathabatha phezu, ngubani wakwazi ukuba agqibe inqaba. Ngowe-1359 ukwakha ekhokelwa Dzhovanni Di Lapo Ghini. Kwafika omnye amaxesha. Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore e Florence batshintsha a lot of nabayili. Bathi nqa ke bonke "kunye negama." Siyazazi iinkosi ezifana Giovanni d'Ambrodzho, kodwa Alberto Arnoldi, kunye kumkhwenyana Di Foravante kunye noAndrea Orkanya ... Ngo 1375, ekugqibeleni dismantle ibandla omdala St. Reparate, kwaye ngo-1380 izidanga balo engundoqo. Kodwa ke ususelwe kwisakhiwo wagqitywa ... Kuphela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.

lwesakhiwo

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, Cathedral ka Santa Maria del Fiore yayakhelwe zonke ezinye izakhiwo efanayo ngalinye kunye ikhandlela kuye ezingalungileyo. Eneneni, ibandla ephambili Florence ubude ezintlanu kuphela iimitha obuphantsi Milan kaThixo odumileyo Al Duomo (153 vs 158 m). Ngokutsho icebo wezakhiwo di Cambio, lo rotunda yayiza Uwuthwesile lwale. Kodwa ke yecawa kwakukho podbannik omkhulu onjalo ukuba elinye ixesha elide akazange nabuganga ukuqala umsebenzi indalo yayo. Kwaba kuphela 1420 ukuze umngeni avela wezakhiwo omkhulu Brunelleschi. Wacela ukuba entlanganisweni isicwangciso lwesakhiwo libe yezitena. Le imilo arch ngalinye wayefanele atshate lantern zokuhombisa. Umsebenzi nzima indawo ephakeme yokuba banikwe na emi emhlabeni, nto zibambene nayo kweendonga nkqo isonto. Ngenxa yoko, emva kweminyaka eli-15 kulwenze ukukhanya, Ukunyuka amajukujuku 42 eemitha ukuphakama, nto leyo ngoku kugqiba omhle uphawu Florence.

ingaphakathi

Kwi umhambi engalungiswanga yenza nomfuziselo ingacaci - Cathedral ka Santa Maria del Fiore e Florence. Amafoto itempile adla yomhombiso sisityebi zangaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, lo elingaphakathi kusenokwenzeka, xa kuthelekiswa architecture olungaphambili kubonakala amahlwempu. Uphawula kwi umhambi Russian ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe - a PA Ashinyeneyo. Lowo ubhala athi "icawa mkhulu kunene ezintle ngokumangalisayo ', kodwa" akukho mnqwazi akukho. " Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba kwale mvakalelo lidaliwe Ngokwahlukileyo kwiicawa Orthodox. Ewe, kwaye nabakhenkethi mihla bathi ibandla ngumfuziselo ibhokisi kakuhle wenza, nto leyo ayinanto ngaphakathi. Bagxeki uqaphele ukuba ngaphandle sonto kuxhomekeke izimiso ongasekhoyo Italian Gothic. Ingaphakathi waba imeko ukulinga ubugcisa iinkosi Renaissance kakhulu nobuganga obukwanjalo. Paul Temple yenziwa ngokupheleleyo amhlophe. Isibingelelo ephambili yenziwa lelabhastile, kwaye ezihonjiswe imikrolo. Masters basebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo emarmore (oluhlaza, omhlophe kunye pink), ukuphumeza umdlalo yendalo ukukhanya. Renaissance adalwa magnificent iifestile zeglasi nebala.

Campanile

Usebenzisa yokuba ulwakhiwo intsimbi iinqaba kwakungekho Canon Giotto ecacileyo kutyhilwa ngokupheleleyo italente yakhe inkosi. Wacebisa ukuba icebiso isixeko imitha-amabini iinqaba buxande, kwicala enqatyisiweyo enezixhaso. Olungaphambili openwork wadala nomfuziselo Bulelani iifestile kabini. Ukongeza, zonke iindonga nenqaba intsimbi ahonjiswe nemali kunye imifanekiso kunye inlays. Nangona inkosi enkulu wafa ekuqaleni umsebenzi, ezinye iinkosi mayilandelwe ngokucacileyo ukuba izicwangciso zakhe kunye nemizobo. Ngenxa yoko, "Campanile Giotto kaThixo" waziwa ubuncinane ehlabathini ngaphezu ngokwam Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, leyo yena ungena.

lokubhaptiza

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba lokubhaptiza eyayikho sele kunyaka-897, phambi kulwakhiwo Church of Saint Reparate. Emva koko lokubhaptiza bema ngaphandle ezindlwini zonqulo, yaye Cathedral ka Santa Maria del Fiore kungekho ngaphandle. Modern look lokubhaptiza ezifunyenwe ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwakhiwa 1059 iindonga senkulungwane esasijongene nazo nezemarmore elinombala. Body of a intente eyakhiwe ngenkulungwane XII. Renaissance lokubhaptiza wamnika iingcango zobhedu ezintathu eqingqiweyo emarmore emhlophe phezu kwawo. Kwaye nangenxa yobuhandiba christening hombisa sale wayesilwa khuphiswano abakroli eziphambili Tuscany. Ukwakhiwa uyila umbono wobuxoki ibali emithathu, kodwa eneneni kukho imigangatho emibini kuphela. Isizathu soku engekhoyo enombala ke lwangaphandle udonga khazi ibhastile.

Itempile nomzi

Akukho kuphela ubungakanani kunye yobuciko zokwakha, kodwa imbali yalo emangalisa Cathedral ka Santa Maria del Fiore. Florence, imbali yayo eminyaka ubudala ngokusondeleyo kunye netempile yayo engundoqo. Uninzi iziganeko ezinkulu zembali eyenzeka kweendonga zayo. Apha wenza umsebenzi wakhe inguquko Savonarola. Kule ndlu uhlaselwe umzalwana umlawuli Florence, Lorenzo Zobungangamela - Dzhuliano Medichi. Yaye crypt isonto wafumana intuthuzelo yi Giotto, umbhali we Campanile kunye Brunelleschi - umdali kwawo.