Bronshteyn uDavide Ionovich: nguGrandmaster ichess Soviet kunye nombhali

Bronshteyn David Ionovich - Soviet kwaye Russian chess nguGrandmaster, ndasukuzana ngenxa kwisihloko ntshatsheli ngo-1951, intshatsheli kabini USSR. Bronstein yayigqalwa Wayengomnye wabadlali kakhulu ehlabathini ukususela 1940 yee ukuba phakathi 1970. Nabo wabiza ubuqambi yakhe yendalo inkosi ngamaqhinga. Ngaphezu koko, kuye kwaziwa umbhali chess, incwadi yakhe "International Grandmasters Tournament" liye laba encyclopedia yokwenene kwabasaqalayo ukuba abadlali abaqeqeshelweyo nabanamava ngakumbi.

Esakhula

Bronshteyn uDavide Ionovich wazalwa ngoFebruwari 19, 1924 e White Church (Ukraine), ngomhla ummandla elalisakuba yiSoviet Union, wakhulela kwintsapho amahlwempu yamaYuda. UYise - Jonas B. - wayengumsebenzi elula mveliso yokugaya, kunye nomama wakhe - Maria Davydovna - olawula eli sebe umsebenzi phakathi kwabafazi (abasebenzi kunye nabalimi Division) apha kwikomiti yesithili. Ngowe-1926 Bronstein usapho safudukela kwisixeko Berdyansk, ukuba kufuphi Azov nonxweme, yaye kungekudala, kwiminyaka emine, bafudukela eKiev. Apha Bronshteyn uDavide Ionovich lokuqala uya esikolweni. Lo mfana kakuhle ngokwaneleyo, kodwa nomtsalane inkulu awayenabo amacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye izangqa - wayenomdla kwimathematika, ichess kunye aeromodelling.

Kiev Chess School

Xa ndandineminyaka emithandathu, utatomkhulu wakhe bamfundisa indlela ukudlala itshesi, yaye kungekudala umdlalo kuba phantse intsingiselo ibalulekileyo ebomini kuye. Umntu wachitha rhoqo ixesha etshintshatshintshayo kuba, kunzima ukudlala yedwa. Xa ndandineminyaka elishumi, uDavide waphumelela tumente yakhe chess lokuqala (kukhuphiswano kubanjelwa esikolweni). Le mpumelelo yaba ukhuthazwe yintoni ukujoyina icandelo chess. Umqeqeshi wakhe odumileyo ngamazwe chess master uAleksandr Konstantinopolsky.

Chess School iye yanefuthe uphuhliso lwezakhono umdlali chess uselula, yaye kungekudala elinesihlanu uDavide Bronstein inxaxheba Kyïv Itshesi Championship, leyo wathabatha kwindawo yesibini. Kunyaka olandelayo, uDavide winile elinesithandathu isihloko Master of Sports (1940), ukugqibezela yesibini Ukrainian Chess Championship.

maxesha obumnyama

Ngowe-1937 Bronstein usapho Kukho into ebuhlungu ezinkulu - uyise uya kumohlwaya njengotshaba abantu, baza bawongwa kuye ekupheleni kweminquba iminyaka 7. Kwixesha elizayo, oku kubonakala bayahlelwa kaDavide. Emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ngowe-1941, loo mdlali wechess amadodana izicwangciso ukufunda imathematika kwi-University of Kiev, kodwa 'sonakaliswa' isidima usapho sinamafu indlela ukuya eyunivesithi.

IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic: ubomi wechess

Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, umdlali wechess oselula kwanyanzeleka ukuba baye kwisixeko Ordzhonikidze (ngoku Vladikavkaz), eCaucasus, kuba wathunywa ukuba basebenze kwenye izibhedlele (ngokunxulumene nemithetho emfazwe). In nomkhosi zeeteksi umdlali chess oselula kubuzwa ngenxa yamehlo. Bronshteyn uDavide Ionovich ngokuphindaphindiweyo wacela ukuba ngokuzithandela ukuya ngaphambili, kodwa akazange athathe. Ngowe-1943, xa imfazwe phezu kwi Stalingrad, Bronstein, kunye isicima ulutsha kuthunyelwa ngokutsha lwedolophu. Ngeeyure zomsebenzi, wasebenza kwindawo yokwakha, yaye ebusuku wafundela eziphuculiweyo ukwahlukahlukana kwimingxuma itshesi, ukurekhoda indibaniso kwi bechola-ephepheni.

Emva uloyiso i Red Army phezu iJamani yamaNazi i Bronstein oselula wamenyelwa eMoscow - ukuba bathathe inxaxheba weshumi USSR Itshesi Championship, apho uDavide uthetha yoko kunokuba embi: ngumsindo ezemidlalo ivuselele chess ukuphuhlisa ngakumbi. Noko ke, ngo-1945 Bronshteyn uDavide Ionovich wangena iLeningrad Polytechnic Institute, apho wayefunda kangangonyaka.

Impumelelo kunye namagama

Incredible italente yendalo Bronstein ngakumbi kuvulwa emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngowe-1946, yena ngokuzithemba ibethe zonke iqela e itumente chess ubuntshatsheli e Moscow, yaye ngo-1948 no-1949. Waphumelela USSR Chess Championship. Lo koyisa yokuqala enkulu ngezizwe tumente Bronstein kaThixo Saltsjöbaden (Sweden) ngo-1948, apho wawongwa kwisihloko nguGrandmaster.

Ngowe-1950, Budapest yasingatha abaviwa chess tumente apho Bronstein ngokuqinisekileyo ukuziphindezela abadlali olomeleleyo ezifana uIsake Boleslavsky, uGidiyon Stahlberg kunye Paul Keres. Ngenxa yoko, le nguGrandmaster eSoviet yaba oyiphumeleleyo Abaviwa Tournament ngowe-1950, kwaye ngoku ngendlela kaDavide kuphela ntshatsheli - uMikhail Botvinnik.

Umdlalo isihloko ihlabathi nxamnye Botvinnik

Ngowe-1951 wadibana uMikhail Botvinnik (Intshatsheli yangoku ihlabathi) kunye noDavide Bronstein (umdlali chess, ngubani ophumelele Abaviwa Tournament) emdlalweni ngenxa itayitile ntshatsheli. World chess uluntu zange ukwabelana imbono yokuba Bronstein kunokuba abanye amathuba ukuphumelela - zonke uxhasa uMikhail Botvinnik. Umdlalo kwakunzima gqitha ukuba zombini abadlali emva izavenge yesixhenxe amanqaku 4: 3 ngokuthanda intshatsheli elikhuselayo. Umzabalazo yaqhubeka, abadlali iye yaphumelela enye okanye bavumelane draw. I Bronstein oselula idlala ngokugqibeleleyo, maxa wambi kwabonakala ukuba umfaki-sicelo uya kuba indoda efuna undikho. Kwaye eli xesha! inqaku elipheleleyo emva kwemizuzu 22 party ngasemva Bronstein - 11.5: 10.5. Kwakukho amaqela kuphela ezimbini ukuya "intshatsheli" lo ngesiqu. David Ionovich walwa kangangoko anako, kodwa walahlekelwa umdlalo ongamphambi kokugqibela koKuhlala kunye bang, edlala nesiphelo ethandabuzekayo. Umdlalo lokugqibela yaphelela draw - ngamanqaku ewonke-12: 12 uMikhail Botvinnik umoya lokugqibela wayingqina ilungelo ukunxiba isithsaba chess. Phantsi kwemithetho ye-chess neyomhlaba wonke, draw - oku bubungqina bokuba isihloko eso wayendikhusela xa elawula undikho.

Bronstein ngayo kakhulu ngokuzolileyo yaye enoburharha, besithi: ". Musa Ungakhathazeki, ndaphumelela Botvinnik, ubungeke nonke wajonga kum ngomlomo wabo evulekileyo"