Bird Iintsiba: iintlobo, iimpawu zezakhiwo

Iintsiba - a cutaneous uphondo Ukwakheka. Bavela kwezi zinto ziphilayo ngexesha zazivelela. Act njengoko sokutshintshwa kwamaphepha emibuzo ukulungiselela ukubhabha.

Ubume ebuhlanti

Kubume bayo eyahlula iindawo ezimbini: intonga, okanye isiqu, kunye fan. Inxalenye esezantsi intonga anquma ziloliwe. Ngaphakathi kuyo womile inyama keratinized.

Fan iqulathe nameva yomyalelo yokuqala, leyo ziqhotyoshelwe ngentonga. Kwakhona, isakhiwo usiba inika phambi komyalelo yesibini nameva ukuba zincamathele nameva yomyalelo yokuqala. Bona amalungiselelo nkqo ukuya yokugqibela. Ba amakhonkco ezikhethekileyo, okanye isiliya, apho zonke nameva Zivalwé zibambene nayo kunye.

Indevu luqulathe ngomaleko ezimbini. Yangaphandle wabiza horny, kwaye embilwini - ubuchopho. It is eyakhelwe eziseleni yomile kwabafileyo ngokuqukwa amaqamza. Iintsiba Form iinkukhu kunye nobukhulu bayo inokuba nomahluko, kodwa umgaqo lwesakhiwo yayo sisoloko efanayo njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla.

Njani uboya?

izilwanyana Okokuqala, owaya uhlobo efanayo yesikhumba, baba ezidla Dinosaurs Sinosauropteryx. Phezu kwamanzi, imizimba yazo waya Lutho ezinezikhondo. Uboya yokuqala oyinyaniso wabonakala Caudipteryx kunye Microraptor. Iintsiba zeentaka abaphila namhlanje isakhiwo esifanayo njengoko umkhusane ezi zilwanyana amandulo.

iintlobo ngeentsiba

Baya lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela ezihlanu ezingundoqo:

• coverts;
• uMnu;
• ingalawuleki;
• phantsi;
• ezizodwa.

Masithathe ngolungelelwano.

coverts

Ezi ntsiba zifikelela umzimba yonke, amnike imilo zihambe. Kuxhomekeka indawo emzimbeni lentaka leyo, ukuba kwahlulwa emagxeni, entanyeni, Parietal, amanakani, nadhvostovye, goiter, isifuba, isisu coverts iintsiba, lesiquluba, amancinci, aphakathi kunye ezinkulu coverts iintsiba.

Coverts elise wonke umzimba intaka imbricate order. Basebenza umsebenzi nobushushu-ezikhuselayo, ekubeni umaleko leyo zakha phantse akuthethi nokudlulisela umoya.

uMnu

Ezi Iintsiba lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela amabini:

• oda kuqala;
• ukuze yesibini.

Ezi ntsiba moya zinde kwaye tye. Umzekelo enkulu oku - a eQuill, wabhala wathi ngemihla yamandulo.

Ezi ntsiba ukubhabha umyalelo wokuqala ziqhotyoshelwe ngasemva brush intaka. Ezi ntsiba olo olulolona. Ukuba bangenisa lift nomxholo ngexesha esemoyeni. Isixa ezibayeni enjalo ngokuqhelekileyo 10-15 iiyunithi. Ngaloo ndlela, abameli usapho esimibalabala apho 10 iintsiba eziphambili umyalelo yokuqala, ukususela amadada - 11-12, kwaye kwezinye Grebe - bonke 17. Umzekelo wokuba izaliswa njani ubuhle izandla goose iintsiba:

Moya iintsiba bolwesibini udidi ziqhotyoshelwe kwesikhumba ulna. Bakha ethwele phezu iphiko. Bona lubonakala ngokuba ubukhulu incinane iintsiba umyalelo wokuqala.

Inani labo Kwakhona eyahlukileyo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye Ingcungcu ka ezintandathu kuphela, kodwa abanye abameli entsapho indanda - 37.

Kufuneka kwakhona bonisa ekuthiwa-iphiko. Le yingqokelela ngeentsiba ezincinane, ziqhotyoshelwe ngomnwe kuqala. Inani labo idla iziqwenga 3-4, maxa wambi - 6.

ingalawuleki

Le ntaka iintsiba komsila. Bafana Makhov, kodwa dyondzisaka. Kwakhona ngeentsiba nomsila kunokuba ngqo nje kuphela, kodwa egosogoso. Ngoncedo lwabo, le ntaka lutshintsha indlela moya, nomsila wayo ihamba kumacala ahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe ngeentsiba olunjalo kumqolo ezinqamlezayo enhle kancinane.

wehla

Eli qela lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe subgroups ezimbini: uboya ezintofontofo kanye phantsi. Down ngeentsiba babe izikhonkwane elide ngaphezu Lutho. Noko ke, izinkcwe zabo musa ngqo fan. Lutho has a intonga kuphuhliswa ngaphantsi ezithambileyo. Indevu nabo ke benza yokwela.

Kwaye, kwaye phantsi iintsiba zisetyenziselwa usambathisa thermal. Bephantsi aya. Xa amantshontsho aqandusele kuphela, kufuneka Lutho kuphela, coverts kukhula kamva.

ezizodwa

Ezi iipeni ekunokuthiwa intshebe, ubuciko, kistochkovye, pudretki.

Intshebe - kuba eliboya buqhamileyo, nto leyo walahlekelwa nameva. Zibona i intonga kuphela. Bona ise ngomlomo lentaka aze enze umsebenzi oyivileyo. Kwakhona iintsiba ezincinane lube nameva abe phezu iinkophe zawo.

Ubuciko - iintlobo zokuguqulwa ngayo iintsiba nentaba. Babonakala ngexesha ukukhwela.

Kistochkovye - yinto iintsiba kunye, ngentonga omde obhityileyo kunye vee, adhesion kakuhle omnye komnye. Bona ebekwe ngokubanzi ehlabathini bile oyile ndlala kwimveliso.

Pudretki - uhlobo iintsiba ezizodwa, le nameva leyo ikhule kuphela, uwaphule phantsi. Ngenxa yoko, umgubo akhiwe ukuyigubungela ezinye iintsiba umaleko obhityileyo. It kwakufuneka ukubenza manzi.

Yintoni limisa umbala?

Iintsiba zeentaka ezohlukeneyo iindidi kakhulu imibala. Konke kuxhomekeke kubungakanani zombala ezithile. Umbala uboya kulawulwa izinto ezinjalo;

• carotenoids;
• porphyrins;
• melanin.

Zombala iqela lokuqala ukuvelisa-orenji, shades tyheli, bomvu ezipinki. Ezi izinto senziwa similise iintsiba intaka ukusuka ukutya ukuba liyadla. Ukuba kukho iimveliso enganelanga eziqulathe krotinoidov, noboya bayo ukutshintsha kuse kwi kwizidlo isilwanyana.

Porphyrins ukuvelisa zemibala eluhlaza.

Bala lintsundu kwakhiwa umbala omdaka namnyama iintsiba. Kananjalo ukudala ezinye nombala omthubi.

Ngaphezu koko, imibala intaka kunokuxhomekeka kungekuphela kombala equlethwe eliboya buqhamileyo, kodwa isakhiwo nameva yomyalelo yokuqala neyesibini. Kuxhomekeka ngendlela nameva ibekwe kwaye amalungiselelo, iintsiba zibonisa imitha yelanga kunye yamaza ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, uboya aqaqambe elangeni.

Ekubeni imveliso ngombala ezininzi emzimbeni lilawulwa nentaka isibindi, ukutshintsha umbala kunokubonisa izifo ezithile, ezifana chlamydia, iVitamin A ngxaki, izinc abangaphezu kwemfuneko kunye nabanye.

Indlela ukuthatha unonophelo iintaka iintsiba?

Oku iintaka umsebenzi bachitha malunga neeyure ezimbini ngosuku.

Coca uboya bangakwazi ngeendlela ezininzi. Umzekelo, bystroletayuschie iintaka ezifana akha nenkonjane, mantshontsho, ukuba nkxu emanzini kubhabho. Abanye ogalelwe iintsiba zakhe emvula. Kwakhona ukuze banyamekele iintaka lungena iibhate uthuli.

Susa izinto zangaphandle uvaleleke buboya, le ntaka usebenzisa ngomlomo.

Kukho kwakhona arhente esikhethekileyo azidlulisele iintsiba luthambe nokuphelisa kwamagciwane. Le amanqatha akhutshwayo preen gland yeentaka. intaka Okokuqala balifake ezinyaweni zakhe, waza ke atyabukile ngamathupha azo phantsi.

Ukuze iintsholongwane peni, ezinye iintaka ngokukodwa iintaka kuyingozi. Ngelo xesha emzimbeni lentaka ufumana formic acid. Kuyanceda ukuba ukuphelisa kwaziwe kunye nezinye izinambuzane bahlala buboya.

Isiphelo: iintsiba-ziintshatsheli

Uboya inde ezifumaneka kwiintaka, ezifana ngumqhagi zokuhombisa Japanese. ubude yabo kweemitha ngaphezulu kwe-5. Bona elise nomsila.

Kwakhona, iintsiba elide Oqhayisayo Argus - kwentaka, njenge ipikoko. Uboya ezimbini eliphakathi kwi umsila wayo ukuya kwi-150 cm ubude.

Iintaka kunye ntsiba kakhulu mhle kuqwalaselwa Lunenceba yengwamza. iintsiba ubheka Bulelani ezimibalabala kubume akhethekileyo ngeentsiba nameva nomsila abonisa ukukhanya.

Nokuba phakathi iintaka ezintle kunye nento ephakathi nga ngokuba yiparadesi. Iintsiba zazo zingaba imibala eyahlukileyo. A iintsiba umsila ingaba ubude zahlukahlukene kakhulu kunye neemilo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuze zingajijwa enembonakalo zikhula.