Biophysicist Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky: engobomi, impumelelo, ezeza amabhaso

Ngowe-1930, e-New York wavula kwinkongolo yokuqala ngamazwe biophysics kunye biokosmologii. umongameli Wawongwa bakhe, wonyulelwa Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky.
Ukwamkelwa koMgaqo-Memorandum, wathiywa igama ngunozala kwamasebe ezintsha zolwazi yomntu Ububanzi umdla yenzululwazi, leyo wolula kwelingaphantsi iseli ophilayo ilanga. Yayibizwa ngokuba Russian uLeonardo da Vinci ixesha lakhe. Waye ke iminyaka engama-42 kuphela ubudala, yaye waba lilungu ngexesha nokugqama zokudala ...

ebuntwaneni

-Nzulu elizayo wazalwa ekuqaleni 1897 kwi tenements ezincinane Ciechanowiec kufuphi Grodno, apho lalikhona iyunithi yasemkhosini, apho yayisayanyaniswa uyise - igosa zokudubula Z Vasilevich Chizhevsky. Umama - Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Neviandt - emva kokuzalwa unyana wakhe babephila ixesha elide kakhulu, yaye emva konyaka wabulawa sephepha. Okhathazeke umfana kucingelwa umakazi wakhe - Olga Vasilevna Lesli (Chizhevskaya).

Uyise akazange atshate okwesibini kunye eninzi ingqwalaselo ihlawulwe bekhulisa kunye nemfundo yonyana wakhe. Ephawula ebhotwe ukuba iiklasi kwezenzululwazi, yena yaxhobisa indlu ilebhu yokwenene, leyo Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky ezibheka umthombo umsebenzi wakhe zenzululwazi. Ukusuka endaweni unina, umakazi, yena wendele umdla kunye nezoluntu, kunye neeklasi kwimibongo peyinta, eziqale kwiminyaka yokuqala, baya kunye ubomi Chizhevskogo.

Emva ukusuka yintloko yekhaya, elisuke ekupheleni ubomi General of zokudubula, wabelwa kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo emkhosini, ukuba emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa lokuphila kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe, kuquka eParis.

ukulungela ukusebenza

Ngowe-1913 Chizhevskaya bakwazi ukuhlala ngokusisigxina kwisixeko ukulungela ukusebenza. Esi sixeko ludlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu bayahlelwa sisazinzulu elizayo - apha ke waqalisa ngobomi ngokwenene zenzululwazi. Alexander Chizhevsky wabhala ukubaluleka kamva ukuba sibi ukuze kwakhiwe iimfanelo zakhe izazinzulu umhlobo kunye nobuhlobo obusenyongweni Konstantinom Eduardovichem Tsiolkovskim.

Ngenxa uRhazes nanto fixed ezinzulwini isithuba, kwaye mhlawumbi phantsi kwempembelelo lakhe sele ngowe-1914 Chizhevsky uqala ukufunda isiphumo umsebenzi solar kwi eziphilayo kunye karhulumente yezentlalo iplanethi yethu. Enye isihloko yophando - iimpembelelo eziphilayo emoyeni okwenziwe insimbi.

Emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo e ukulungela ukusebenza, kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ngo-1915, Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky iza kanye kumaziko ezimbini aphezulu emfundo - ukuba abhalise ngokusesikweni le Moscow Commercial Institute, kwaye enelungelo lokuya ekhosini nangaliphi le Moscow Archaeological Institute. Ngoko bazise umdla yakhe kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi babantu, kulo nyaka emva koko, landifundisa Sciences ngqo - physics kunye nezibalo, kwelinye - i wokusiza.

"Ukuxhaphaka inkqubo yehlabathi-zembali"

Ngowe-1917, imisebenzi ezimbini kukhuphiswano iitayitile zokuqala enzululwazi isaziso eMoscow: ". I-Evolution of Physics and Mathematics kwihlabathi lamandulo" "imibongo Russian yenkulungwane XVII" yaye Abaviwa ukuba isihloko - Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. Biography ngaye zezenzululwazi oselula inxaxheba waphazamiseka kwi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ngowe-1916 wazicelela besilwa phambi Galician, wakhonza njengeyunithi intlola udaka wawongwa George Cross, yaye wahlatywa.

Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky ukuseka ubudlelwane phakathi utshintsho kumsebenzi elanga kunye neziganeko ehlabathini. Le ferocity ye ungquzulwano emkhosini eYurophu, wafumana ukunyuka ngexesha nokuwela ithe cwaka usembindini inkwenkwezi ephambili kwinkqubo yethu inani eliphezulu sunspots. Emva koko safunda ngenyameko yemihla yamandulo beentlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo befuna ukuqiniseka yalo mthetho ezimbalini. Umphumo waba wokhuselo oluyimpumelelo kuzo ngo-1918 ithisisi zobugqirha ngalo mbandela.

Isigqibo iphambili sisazinzulu oselula phantse iyothusa: umsebenzi wovandlakanyo elanga ingqinelana twatse nexesha utshintsho ehlabathini umhlaba onokuphila ngayo ngoMhlaba kwakunye ngexesha iinkqubo zobomi kunye nezentlalo-nezopolitiko. indawo sebesazi kwimpembelelo iinkalo ezininzi ubukho senkcubeko yoluntu: nezihlandlo izifo zengqondo kunye izifo ezosulelayo, nemveliso neentlekele kwezoqoqosho, ukuvela iithiyori zenzululwazi ezintsha ukuvela iimfazwe neziphithiphithi.

Science nemibongo

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, ukuba umphandi iyaqhubeka imfundo, wenze ngexesha elifanayo kwi amandla ezimbini Moscow State University: Medicine kunye Physics and Mathematics. Waba imfundiso Energy Exchange e eziphilayo, eqhuba amalinge elabhoratri kwikhaya e ukulungela ukusebenza, ekwenzeni kokufunyanwa kwesiphumo ukukhanya kakubi wamwisela ion emzimbeni womntu kunye nezilwanyana, usebenzela phezu ye ukuvelisa ezi amasuntswana, iye kamva kwabizwa ngokuthi "chandelier Chizhevskogo".

Noko ke, yena Ihamba izibongo yengqesho esebenzayo. USihlalo All-Russian Union of yemibongo - naye Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. iincwadi zakhe, epapashwe ngaloo minyaka - ukuba 'izinto Physical yenkqubo zembali "(1924), yaye" Incwadi yemibongo "(1919). Malunga amalinge akhe nokubhala basabela kakuhle Maximilian Voloshin kunye Pavel Florensky, Mayakovsky kunye valeriy Bryusov, Alexei Tolstoy kunye Vyacheslav ivanov. Amagcisa Professional yaphawula ngokuphuma-mhlaba bakhe lemifanekiso ezibhaliweyo kule zihlandlo ezinqabileyo yokuphumla.

Umanyano iimbono zenzululwazi kunye nokutolikwa creative womntu kwaye yonke ekuhlaleni - lo umphengululi eziBekekileyo kunye mbongi Chizhevskiy uAleksandr Leonidovich. Intanda sengqondo wakhe bomi ngokucacileyo kuchazwe kule migca:

Singabantwana yonke. Indlu yethu kwisithandwa

Ngoko uluntu soldered kwaye sikhuseleke namandla,

Leswaku hi va ziyadityaniswa zenze enye,

Ukuba nayiphi na ihlabathi indawo - ihlabathi liphela lujolise ...

Akukho mprofeti kwilizwe lakhe ...

Ububanzi komdla zenzululwazi Aleksandra Chizhevskogo lungabonakaliswa kuphela ukutshintshwa amasimi yenzululwazi kunye esebenzayo, apho umsebenzi wakhe wayexatyiswa kangaka ngoogxa: zoopsychology, heliobiology, aeoroionizatsiya, ionifikatsii, biophysics, ibhayoloji isithuba, Haematology, igazi uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo, iteknoloji electro-umbala nangaphezulu. Kodwa inkoliso yabo oosonzululwazi amazwe. Uhlolo eyaneleyo umsebenzi wakhe lwenzululwazi ekhaya Chizhevsky wafumana kokufa kuphela. A ohambahambayo kwi zokufunwa imibutho eliqela amazwe lwenzululwazi, yena wakhanyela.

Izazinzulu ezininzi zophando ziye zenziwe kwiinkampu "sharashkas". Ukungangqinelani elibukhali phakathi izimvo zakhe iimbono zenzululwazi esemthethweni kwakucacile kwabona ningazi ukuba alwela ngokoyisa ubuKomanisi. Ayimangalisi into yokuba phakathi zinganakwa phantsi koStalin waza wajika Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. biography emfutshane ngaye ummangalelwa kwinqaku notorious 58 Code Criminal yaqala ngo-1942. Emva koko, wachitha iminyaka 8 bafudukela amanqaku ahlukeneyo Gulag enkulu - Ivdellag eMntla-Urals, Kutchino kwi namadlelo, Karlag e Kazakhstan.

Oku kwakhokelwa iminyaka emininzi ukuhlukunyezwa, igama ubiza obscurantist kunye ilanga-abanquli xa kushicilelwa izimvo Chizhevskogo wadiliza malunga impembelelo namandla cosmic kwi ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila komhlaba, siye wabasukela abaxhasi mbono, waza wemka umbhali kwincwadi yoshicilelo. Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich yakhululwa ngo-1950. Yena ngokuzithandela sahlala kwinkampu ukugqiba imifuniselo obuyimfuneko iiseli igazi. Ekugqibeleni kwisimo, kodwa ngokupheleleyo - kokufa kuphela.

lemveli

Ngubani na yena - Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich? Biophysicist, ebonisa ukuba amandla unxulumano olucacileyo yonke kunye nobomi babantu? Sobulumko, ukuvumelana, bekuxela akunakuphepheka ubuhlobo obunjalo? imbongi slim kunye egqith opeyintayo, ogama imisebenzi zizele mandla iphela?

Impendulo elihle nayiphi na le mibuzo kwenza ubomi bakhe ngokwenene ephawulekayo.