Arekhodiweyo: Iintlobo neenkcazo

Njengoko umthetho, namhlanje elithi "audio" uchongwe yonke into enxulumene ephilileyo, nokuba udlala, ukuhlela, ukuxuba, wabagagamela, okanye uphulaphule ezirekhodiweyo. Kodwa bambalwa siyazi ukuba arekhodiweyo ukususela ekuqalweni kwayo uye rhoqo bajamelene iinguqu ezibalulekileyo ezininzi kweyona ndawo intle, ngoko kubi. Ingxaki kukuba, xa kuthelekiswa ne lokuqala format, le bemeko- iifomati ezintsha baye bazama ukuphucula umgangatho isandi, ezithe azachaphazela wawuhlala ubungakanani beefayile sidlalwe. Ukunciphisa ubukhulu, phezu koko, kungakhokelela ekulahlekeni ezisemgangathweni. Kodwa ke akusoloko.

Ifomati lokuqala ezirekhodiweyo imidlalo yekhompyutha

Ukukhankanywa yokuqala isandi computer wavela ekudalweni kudidi ngexesha imidlalo apho isandi ivezwa yi iimfuno zale nkqubo. Kodwa akukho nokuba uzama abaphuhlisi enjalo software (i-software), umgangatho ekunene, ophawulwe nge bayotywe okanye makhasethi maza okanye abadlali IVinyl iirekhodi, kwaye abazange ukuphatha ukufezekisa.

Kungenxa yoko le nto abenzi abaninzi baye bakhangela izisombululo, ukutshintsha indlela ifomathi umsindo, isandi Kungokwemvelo. Ngeliphandle, oku kwakhokelela khuphiswano ngakumbi, nto leyo esiyifumana ngoku. Oku kusebenza kuphela ukuba izinto sidlalwe, kodwa ke isandi studio, imidlalo "baphila", umgangatho okanye useto ezingundoqo ngokubhekiselele ulwazi physics, umsindo, njalo-njalo. D.

Ukuvela WAV

Kukholelwa ukuba iifomati yokuqala yomsindo ngokupheleleyo-mfanelo iye yanxulunyaniswa ukuvela ukwandiswa iifayile .wav eqhelekileyo (nokwehla eso livela igama IsiNgesi "itshangatshangiswe" okanye amaza). Nje enye, waba engengowamazibulo, nto leyo kuqwalaselwa kwinkqubo yekhompyutha kumgangatho yobungcali.

iifayile ezinjalo sele waba iimpawu zayo: Izinga isampulu, ubunzulu-odiyo, isantya sebhithi, kwaye ngaphezulu. Esi sandi ehambelanayo nkqu yintoni inokufumaneka emva processing of CD aqhelekileyo odiyo usebenzisa izixhobo ezithile ezifana iseti eqhelekileyo. Kodwa Isayizi ecace ngqiqweni. Ngokomzekelo, ingoma imizuzu emithathu-kuzakuthatha ukusuka MB-20 ukuya ku-50.

CD-lwe-

Ifomathi ye-CD odiyo, hayi kanye mandithi, ukwanda .cda, wabonakala phantse ngexesha elifanayo.

Mu kuya kwa nshita "azitshangatshangise" lwefayile ezigcinwe kwi-hard drive, mayingabi sakhululwa ukuyihlela. Namhlanje inokubuyiselwa kuvulwa inkqubo ephilileyo processing, ukutshintsha ifomati transcoding audio kwaye ugcine kuyo nayiphi na indawo ngaphandle CD-ROM.

MP3 codec

Ngenxa ukuvela ushishino yesiqhwala MP3 Encoder umculo codec lifumanise mothuko yokwenene, ngenxa yokuba "balinganise" ezi fayile ngokuphindwe kalishumi ngaphantsi kwe efanayo ifayile WAV. Nokuba ingoma imizuzu emihlanu ucinezelo eliphezulu kunqabile igqithe ubukhulu 5-7 MB. Vumelanani, intuthuko enkulu, singasathethi ke into yokuba ezi fayili livunyelwe kuphela ukulungisa ezi mpawu zingasentla, kodwa ezinye parameters ezongezelelweyo ngohlobo ID3-tags, eziqulathe ulwazi, umzekelo, igcisa, albhamu umkhondo izihloko, umhla ukukhululwa.

Format iifayile audio yolu hlobo ziye othandwa kakhulu. Khangela, phantse yonke Internet yazala kule fomati jikelele. Ngokubanzi, singatsho ukuba ifomathi audio MP3 kuba revolution eyinyaniso isandi. Uhlala omnye ethandwa kakhulu kwaye uninzi wafuna kude kube ngoku, nangona wayeza indawo ezinye iintlobo odiyo. Kodwa siza kuthetha kamva.

iifayile AIFF

fomati Audio kunamanye iintlobo. Ifomati ekuthiwa .aiff ke ekuqaleni yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwi computer Macintosh.

kamva kuphela kakhulu yaba ukuguqulwa kwangaphambili arekhodiweyo ehambelanayo ukusebenzisa kwabo kumaqonga, ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo zokusebenza.

format Ogg

Umculo format .ogg audio nalo yinto exhaphakileyo. Lo mgangatho waphuhliswa ze ogg. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba kwezinye kuneengxaki ebalulekileyo. Okokuqala, yinto umthwalo ngokungenabulungisa kwimithombo kwenkqubo yekhompyutha, nangona ubukhulu ubuncinane. Okwesibini, sebenzisa codecs zakho STB, apho inkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ifakwe. Ngokomzekelo, xa esebenza FL Studio kwinkqubo Uhlelo Umvelisi (okanye XXL) iinguqulelo ngezantsi 9.xx waba eneenkcukacha equlathe ifayile ufakelo kwi fomati .inf, leyo kwafuneka ukuba isebenze ukuba sifakwe emva kokufakwa kwesicelo engundoqo ngesandla (ngenye esinye acwangciswe ngaphambili kwi fomati enjalo nje hayi kudlalwa out).

Kunjalo khona ngoku iifomati kwesandi olu hlobo zifumaneka, kunye nesandi ngokwayo ibonakala kakuhle kakhulu.

AMR standard

Njengoko le fomati, oko mhlawumbi phakathi kakhulu ephantsi-kwebunzi. imvelaphi yayo edibene phones zokuqala angenzi mobile, nasasebenzayo nangoku nako ukuseka umnxeba a umculo .mp3 format.

AMR ngoko wayengakwazi nokuba endaweni isandi yendalo kunye ilahleko ethile yezabelo ezisemgangathweni. Kodwa olu phawu hayi isifaniso wenyusa iifomati ezingaphezulu "advanced".

MIDI

Okuphoxayo kukuba, le MIDI nako kubangelwa into ebizwa ngokuba "arekhodiweyo." Nangona kucingwa ukuba ibe (yaye baninzi, enyanisweni, cinga kangako) ukuba inkqubo MIDI nje imiyalelo, oku kusini na. Ziqonde izifinyezo MIDI - Le Musical Instrument Digital Interface. Enyanisweni, le nkqubo ushicilelo kunye nokuhlela ezinye iindidi ze data iindlela zokusebenza yezitsixo, kwelizwi, isantya, isitshixo, iziphumo, njalo-njalo. D.

Noko ke, kukho iifayile kunye ulwandiso .mid okanye .midi, apho kukhutshelwe kakhulu nje sequencers mihla okanye iinkqubo zokurekhoda studio usebenzisa iseti esemgangathweni ifomati yesandi GM (General MIDI), GS (into enye) inkampani Roland okanye XG (Extended MIDI) evela Yamaha Corporation. Kule iiseti ezimbini zokuqala, kukho lolusezantsi 128 izandi, zamadoda iimpembelelo, nangowesithathu - phantse ngokuphindwe kathathu kakhulu.

FLAC

Ngoku siza ukuya kwenye iifomati kakhulu mihla kunye elikhethekileyo namhlanje. WoMculo format audio FLAC namhlanje besiba baninzi ngakumbi. Oku kungenxa kumgangatho apho umculo fans bokwenyaniso ukunikela ingqalelo, kuqala.

Ukuba ukhangela, le fomati yayisekelwe MP3 sele ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Yiloo kuphela xa isetyenziswa ngaphambili kwi ukwabiwa lengoma ngamnye, oku ifomati onjalo (de kube lixesha elithile). Isakhiwo yi iifayile enye okanye ezimbini, enye yazo yinto lwazi. Dlala le format nga ezizodwa kuphela abadlali audio software. ukuze Eyona idumileyo ebizwa AIMP. Kuphela xa uvula ifayile engundoqo, kwaye kukho uluhlu lengoma abhalwe kwisikhongozeli engundoqo. Lo mdlali switsha phakathi emkhondweni senziwe ngendlela efanayo nayiphi na enye. Kodwa akukho okuba ukususwa ngengozi sisincoko ethile (njengoko sele kuchaziwe, ulwazi kubo iqulethwe yifayile eyodwa).

sezakhiwo Ihambelana

Ngokuqhelekileyo, zonke arekhodiweyo namhlanje ehambelanayo kunye nabanye. Ngamanye amazwi, naliphi na ikhaya DVD-player okanye umdlali software umgangatho ukumelana nayo lula. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo iiprogram isandi processing. iinkqubo eziphantse-ngobuchule kunye nobungcali bayaqonda yaziwa umhla zonke fomati (nangona nkcukacha lweenkqubo zokusebenza). umhleli Audio, sequencers, ezinye iimodyuli, ezifana VST, RTAS (kuba iinkqubo Windows), okanye AU (for Mac OS X) bayakwazi ukusebenza kunye ezinjenge kokubizwa-umsebenzi cross-eqongeni.

format Conversion

Hlela audio ngeendlela ezininzi. Umzekelo, uyakwazi ukuvula ifomati "lweenkobe", uze ugcine ifayile kwenye. Onokuyenza kube lula. Kuba oku kukho converters ezikhethekileyo. Bafumana nje kuluhlu lwe ifomathi yefayile yokuqala oyifunayo, uze ukhethe nje isiphelo. Njengoko isisho, into nje zobuqu.

sound processing quality

Enye into, xa kufikwa ukutshintsha ezinye nezihlandlo engumthombo ifayile. Apha ngaphandle iiphakheji software ezizodwa ayikwazi ukukwenza. Ngoncedo lwabo, kwaye ungatshintsha umgangatho iifayile odiyo. Ngaloo ndlela kunokwenzeka ukutshintsha kuphela ireyithi isampuli olusezantsi 44100 Hz ngokwandisa kuyo, yithini, ukuya ku 96.000 Hz, kodwa ukwenza ubunzulu sentlalo mnye 16 ukuya kuma-24 okanye 32 ziintanda. Yaye sithetha yokuba uyakwazi ukunyenyisa ukufana kwaye ngakumbi, oko kukuthi, izakhono bandwidth yokwandisa, ochazwa kilobits yesibini nganye thina. Ixabiso elingagqibekanga ithathwa 128 kbit / s. Izinga bit inokuguqulwa ngokwakho, kodwa ezona isandi umgangatho kufikelelwa kwi-320 kbit / s. Kakade ke, asinguye wonke umntu onako ukuxelela umahluko phakathi umgangatho ubuninzi neempawu isandi lubekwa. Kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uzame kanye ukudlala umva kwingoma ezimanyelwayo data ezahlukeneyo izinto zokusebenza. Apha umahluko ayiyi kuthabatha ixesha elide.

Ngaphezu koko, ukongeza zonke ezi parameters ezinokulungiswa, yaye ngakumbi. Yiloo nto kuphela ukusetyenziswa equalizers software, limiters, compressors, crossovers, normalayzer, De-Esser, njalo njalo. D., Kwaye njalo-njalo. N. kwimodyuli nganye ikuvumela ukunyenyisa isandi, njengoko besithi, "iyodwa". Kwaye ngokupheleleyo zonke iifomati ezaziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkqubo le hlobo kwaye kusetyenzwe ngaso.

Le uthelekiso lokugqibela

Masenze ukuzama ukwenza ezinye uthelekiso phakathi iifomati kusetyenziswa (nangona loo nto zonke kukho kwilizwe isandi).

Ke! format WAV, nangona "heavyweights", singakwazi zisengasetyenziswa iifayile intermediate ngexesha elandelayo ekuguquleni ethile audioreaktorah. Iifomati ze olu hlobo lwefayile evakalayo badla khona xa ugcina iiprojekthi okanye xa urekhoda izixhobo yaphila studio. Kucacile ukuba sequence ngoko kusekwe icandelo ulwazi engenayo eluhlobo njengesihlambo odiyo. Uze emva koko utshintshe i umsindo ifomati yefayile okanye ugcine njengento acwangciswe ngaphambili, okanye umkhondo kuba nantoni na oyithandayo.

Iifomati ezifana CDs audio ngoku nazo semxholweni. Ukuba uthathe ingqalelo AIFF, okanye Ogg thina, ukuba kakuhle kusetyenziswa zazithengwa yenyani. Akuyomfuneko ukuba uthethe ngayo format AMR. MIDI kuphela iimvumi luncedo abayaziyo ungumgwebi olungileyo.

Kukholelwa ukuba namhlanje ifomathi ilungileyo audio - kodwa nangoku FLAC. Ngokutsho iingcali ezininzi kunye neemvumi, oko nje ezininzi "eliphezulu", kodwa revolution xa kuthelekiswa nabantu ezazikho okanye ukhona namhlanje.

Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba MP3 kwi akhawunti ayinakuba ukufakelwa kwayo, kuba phantse zonke isandi ufakwe kwi enye DVD-ROM okanye MKV-Ifayili le fomathi. Umahluko kuphela inguqulelo codec kunye idikhowuda. Kodwa kwakhona isandi kunye noshishino neevidiyo kuphuhliso lawo ukuma. Ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungekudala uza kubona ngakumbi into entsha.