Antiretroviral: uluhlu kunye nobungqina. unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu antiretroviral

HIV akukho engekeva namhlanje. Izigulane ngokukhuselekileyo ukuphila nesi sifo, umsebenzi, ukuqala i intsapho. Konke ekufuneka uyenze - ukuze afumane unyango rhoqo kunye arhente antiretroviral chemotherapeutic. Zonke ezi zakhiwo zahlulwe iiklasi ezintathu: i-HIV protease inhibitors, analogue and non-analogue HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba amachiza e-antiretroviral ayikwazi ngokupheleleyo unyangiwe AIDS. Likhusele HIV kwakhona ziphumelele. Iziyobisi zinqanda kuphela nophinda-phindo iintsholongwane, ukunceda ukuphucula imeko yesigulane. Apha ngezantsi ziza kuchazwa-antiretrovirals ezininzi eceliweyo.

"Lamivudine"

Agent libhekisela kwiqela analogue HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors. arhente Antiviral lingena kwizisele kunye umzimba apho, nto leyo ebangela inhibition of ukuphindaphindeka wentsholongwane egazini. Indlela konyango lwe-HIV-usulelo usebenzisa iziyobisi "Lamivudine" ubonisa ukusebenza eliphezulu. Esi sixhobo kwakhona esebenzayo nxamnye hepatitis B. Ichiza ako ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukusuka phecana zesisu. Iyure emva kokuba yokungenisa bioavailability kwi plasma yegazi ifikelela isalathisi 80%. Unxibelelwano plasma protein yi-30%. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba icandelo esebenzayo kulula iwela isithintelo placental.

Drug "Lamivudine" isetyenziselwa unyango lwe-HIV kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Isikakhulu amayeza isetyenziswa njengenxenye indibanisela therapy (ukusetyenziswa optional zezinye arhente antiviral kuba unyango lwe-HIV). Kwakhona amayeza inokusetyenziswa ezondeleyo viral hepatitis B. Ichiza ke contraindicated ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye zisanyisa. Esi sibonelelo zingasetyenziswa ukuba unyango kweentsana. Yeka ukusebenzisa iindleko kweziyobisi kuphela kwimeko apho kukho uvakalelo bhetele ukuya amacandelo.

imithi

ukwamkelwa Joint lithetha "Lamivudine" yaye "Zimavudin" kunokwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba bioavailability iziyobisi yehla kakhulu. Ayikhuthazwa ukusebenzisa zombini amayeza, nto leyo kumafa yayo didanosine okanye sulfanilamin. Ukutyeshela ukwenza njalo kungakhokelela ekubeni ukuqhubela phambili pancreatitis. Kuphula ukufumaneka kwezinto esebenzayo - lamivudine - igazi iziyobisi "TMP".

Therapy yenziwa kuphela kagqirha. Othengwe kwikhemesti ayikwazi ulibale "Lamivudine" ngaphandle kagqirha. Ixabiso ichiza 3,500 engange. Oyidlayo kunye nonyango iiseti irejimeni lwengcali, ngokusekelwe iimpawu ngamnye yomguli, kunye nohlobo sifo.

Ichiza kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngononophelo kunye umsebenzi othile sezintso. Le medicament linokukwenziwa kwenye abanezakhono kwi ubuncinane ireyithi esithathwa xa QA ngaphantsi kwe-50 ml / min. Ukuyila irejimeni yonyango, ugqirha kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo ukuba icandelo esebenzayo ubonakala ikakhulu nezintso. Abantu sesibindi kakuhle hlengahlengiso umsebenzi idosi iyafuneka. Xa ubona iimpawu kuyothusa ezifana iintlungu esiswini, ubucaphucaphu, ukugabha, lithetha "Lamivudine" kufuneka irhoxisiwe. Yingcali uqhuba uviwo malunga nesigulane eso. Therapy akwazi ukuqwebela kuphela xa uxilongo ayilawulwa "pancreatitis etsolo".

Sisebenzayo unyango lwe HIV yi "Lamivudine". Price of ichiza liphantsi kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba akukho yeza awukwazi ukukhusela kusulelo ngegazi okanye ngesondo. Ichiza ayikwazi zingasetyenziswa njenge umbala.

"DdI"

Ichiza antiviral iyasebenza kakhulu nxamnye HIV. Iingcali asetyenziswa rhoqo lithetha "Didanosine." Guide uchaza indlela isicelo, kubonakala kunye idosi. Ichiza ifumaneka ngohlobo amacwecwe, amacwecwe chewable, njengezingxobo. Ngoncedo lwabo, kwakhona lula ukulungisa oluludaka. Icandelo esebenzayo i didanosine. Ukongezelela, izinto ezifana asetyenziswa, njengoko aspartame, nemagnesium hayidroksayidi, titanium dioxide, sorbitol, calcium carbonate, nemagnesium stearate, kunye tangerine incasa. Iindlela iveliswa xa kukho umthamo 100, 125, 200 no-400 mg.

Didanosine i analogue zokwenziwa analogu dioksiadenozina ofihla impendulo HIV kwiiseli zomzimba. Le bioavailability ye isithako esebenzayo ifikelela 60% iyure enye emva kokuba ezithatha ichiza ngaphakathi. Kakhulu intando iziyobisi, ukuba usetyenziswa iyure phambi kokuba utye okanye iiyure ezi-2 emva kwesidlo. Sebenzisa kunye nokutya kwehlisa bioavailability lwe isithako esebenzayo-50%. Wabonisa drug sisibindi kunye nezintso. Nethe didanosine kuxhomekeke iqondo umsebenzi kwezintso.

Le medicament lungasetyenziswa kuphela xa zidityaniswe namanye amachiza antiviral ukunyanga usulelo lwe-HIV. Le medicament uvumelekile ukuba amisele abasetyhini ngexesha yokumitha zisanyisa. Not contraindicated lithetha "ddI" kunye nabantwana. Misa ichiza intsana kuphela ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu. Rhoxisa imithi kuyimfuneko kwimeko apho kukho uvakalelo landile ukuya kwicandelo engundoqo. Abantu abane kakuhle zesibindi umsebenzi medicament kufuneka isetyenziswe ngobulumko.

Indlela ukuthatha iyeza?

Gqirha simisela oyidlayo ngokuxhomekeke ubungqongqo esi sifo, kwaye iimpawu ngamnye yesigulana. Unyango lwe-antiretroviral yenziwe ngokungqinelana nezincomo echazwe umyalelo. Izinga imihla ixhomekeke ubunzima bomzimba. Abantu ubunzima esiqela lingayifumenanga ngaphezu kwe-60 kg, kufuneka uthathe akukho ngaphezulu kwama-250 mg kweziyobisi ngamnye ngosuku. Ukuze izigulane ezinobunzima ngaphezu kwama-60 kg, idosi besukelana 400 mg. Philisi ethathwa kanye ngemini. Abakwazi ayetyisi. Kufuneka kuthathwe namanzi amaninzi. Kucetyiswa ukuba uthomalaliso kusasa, ungatyanga.

Tablets nazo kusetyenziswa ukulungiselela oluludaka. Konke ekufuneka uyenze yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano-arhente imali encinane amanzi abilayo. Zonke yangosuku lungohlulwa lube amanyathelo ezimbini. Ukulungiselela ukunqunyanyiswa ayikwazi ligcinwe ngaphezu kweyure. Ngokuhlwa, iindlela kufuneka athathwe ngaphambi kokuba alale, iiyure ezi-2 emva kwesidlo. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 amayeza umiselwa kuphela ngokohlobo ukunqunyanyiswa.

Izigulane emva kweminyaka engama-70 enze uhlengahlengiso idosi. Oku kungenxa yokuba waphazamiseka umsebenzi sezintso ebudaleni. Izinga Standard ngemihla kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis. Ngomhla inxalenye iphecana zesisu basenokuba izenzakalo ezingemnandi ezifana umlomo owomileyo, ukudla, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha. Ukuba ukonakala impilo isigulane Kucetyiswa ukuba isicelo kokubonisana yincutshe. Mhlawumbi ichiza luya kurhoxiswa. Ugqirha uyakukumisela okunye esemgangathweni ( "Thymidine" okanye analogs of "Thymidine", "ABC", "Lamivudine").

"Videx"

Icandelo Active kweli chiza nalo didanosine. antiretroviral kweli qela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu unyango lwe HIV. Into entle kukuba chiza ingasetyenziswa yentsana kunye abasafunda ukuhamba. Abancinane arhente izigulane "Videx" yabelwa ngokohlobo ngumgubo kukunqunyanyiswa. Izikali ubalwa ngamnye ngokuhambelana iqondo losulelo, kwaye iimpawu ngamnye yesigulana. Musa ukusebenzisa iziyobisi kuphela xa ekuphuhliseni hypersensitivity ku didanosine.

Unyango ngala machiza ikhutshwa phandle ngoko nangoko emva ekufumanekeni zokosuleleka. Njengoko amayeza lisusiwe. Imithi phantse akukho Izimo. Macwecwe okanye umgubo "Videx" musa zinokubanga iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ukuba zikhethwe kakuhle balawule irejimeni. Rhoxisa ichiza kufuneka xa kukho urhano sokuphuhlisa pancreatitis.

"AZT"

Ichiza antiviral iyasebenza kakhulu nxamnye HIV. Icandelo esebenzayo i-zidovudine. Imiyalelo yokusebenzisa uchaza kunye nezincedisi. Ezi ziquka starch pregelatinized, nemagnesium stearate, microcrystalline kwincindi. Ukutyabeka film yenziwa titanium dioxide, polydextrose, glyceryl kaprilokaprata. A chiza esetyenziswa njengenxenye yonyango indibaniselwano, ezifana usulelo lwe-HIV-1. Ngexa lokukhulelwa, ichiza ingasetyenziswa nokuthintela yokosulela osana zentsholongwane ukusuka kumama isiya kusana olungekazalwa.

Iyeza lineqela Izimo. Tablets "AZT" akukho ilawulwa abantwana kunye nezigulane abadala ebunzima ngaphantsi kwama-30 kg. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, elo nxeba hypersensitivity yecandelo esebenzayo. Yamkela iziyobisi ngaphakathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukutya. Abo uthenge imveliso "Zidovudine 300", kufuneka usebenzise amacwecwe amabini ngosuku. Ukuba isigulane ubunzima ngaphezu kwama-60 kg, kuyimfuneko ukuba-20 mg beziyobisi kabini ngemini.

Libhekisela iqela amachiza eliphezulu ngexabiso, "AZT". Ixabiso iphekhi enye macwecwe 60 ngaphezulu kwama-10 000 engange.

"Abacavir,"

Ilungu esebenzayo amacwecwe yi abacavir sulfate. Ichiza ngokubanzi isetyenziswa kunyango antiviral lwe-HIV. Ukongezelela, amacwecwe iquka amacandelo alandelayo: microcrystalline kwincindi, intsimbi oxide etyheli, Polysorbate, titanium dioxide, nemagnesium stearate, Opadry Yellow, triacetin. Amayeza zingasetyenziswa kuphela njengenxalenye unyango udibaniso. iipilisi Not othunyelweyo "ABC" xa kwimeko hypersensitivity ukuya kwicandelo engundoqo. Amayeza contraindicated kwizigulane abaselula ubunzima ogama ayidluli-14 kg. Amanyathelo ukuba uthomalaliso kwezigulane insufficiency kwezintso.

Le umthamo ichiza ibalwa ngamnye ngokuhambelana imilo losulelo yesigulane. Kuba abadala, i-avareji ukufakwa ngemihla 600 mg ngosuku (yahlulwe ibe ziinxalenye ezintathu). Ukusebenzisa amacwecwe anikwe umlinganiselo ongakumbi kunokukhokelela kuphuhliso negazi lakho.

Nezaziwa ngokuba njengendlela eninzi of "ABC". Ixabiso iphekhi enye pilisi lingaba ngaphezu engange 15 000.

"Ziagen"

Icandelo Active, njengakwimeko yangaphambili, i-abacavir sulfate. Amalungiselelo analogue kwaye endaweni enye. Lithetha "Ziagen" ngokuphumelelayo unyango lwe HIV. Iyeza inceda ukuphucula imeko esikuyo, ukuba babuyele ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Amacwecwe babe phantse akukho Izimo. Akuyi wabelwa ukuba ichiza kuphela izigulane ubunzima sakhe ayidluli-14 kg.

Izinga ngemihla ichiza emiselwe ngugqirha. Sithabathela ingqalelo uhlobo sifo, kwakunye neempawu ngamnye yomguli (ubunzima, ubudala). Iintsana abathwali ngaphantsi kwama-20 kg, yayisalawulwa kwisiqingatha tablet kabini ngemini. yangosuku ukuba isigulane omdala besukelana iipilisi ezintathu ngosuku.

ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo beziyobisi kungakhokelela kuphuhliso yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kufuneka sifune uncedo kugqirha ukuba uhlakulele iimpawu ezifana norhudo, iintlungu esiswini, ubucaphucaphu nokugabha. Ezi ziganeko ukuze abonise pancreatitis. Kwakhona njalo waphawula ziyabagulisa ngokohlobo kwamaqhakuvana kunye ukurhawuzelela.

"Ziagen" iipilisi usenokuba indawo njengendlela "AZT". Ixabiso iziyobisi na twatse.

"Olitid"

Ichiza antiviral asebenzayo ngokuchasene ne- HIV. Icandelo esbnzyo - sulfate-abacavir. Ichiza ifumaneka ngohlobo olungumgubo enyityilikisiweyo yaye nezidanga. Lithetha "Olitid" kungaba yinto nje yinxalenye unyango ezintsonkothileyo. Self-iyeza oku akusetyenziswa. Le umthamo ichiza emiselwe ngugqirha. Amalungiselelo azipilisi lungasetyenziswa kuphela iziguli ubunzima kune-14 kg. Yiba Lumkela amisiweyo "Olitid" iipilisi ebudaleni. Oku kungenxa umngcipheko kwekhono kwezintso.

antiretroviral, kuquka amayeza "Olitid" zisetyenziswa ngokungqongqo loo specialist njongo. Ukuthenga amayeza ekhemesti ngaphandle kokumiselwa ayikwazi ukuba.

"Retrovir"

A iziyobisi esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi nothomalaliso entsonkothileyo-HIV. Emva arhente sokungenisa wendele ngokukhawuleza ukusuka phecana zesisu. Icandelo Active ngokulula ingena ukungakwazi placental. Oku kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa kuqulunqwa iirejimeni zonyango kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Le medicament zingasetyenziswa njenge yothintelo lwe-HIV yobungcali. Oku kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kubasebenzi elebhu abenza uphando nezinto ezingcolisekileyo.

Izikali uzimisele ngamnye ngugqirha khona. Izinga eliphezulu yemihla ngemihla abadala ayikwazi ngaphezu 600 mg. Iingcali Siyaleza alabe libe zizabelo ezintathu. A indlela ephumelelayo nangakumbi kuba ukuba umntu uthwala ungatyanga. Xa elivela kuzo naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kufuneka ubonane nogqirha.