Amagqabi oki kunye neziqhamo. Baphi na iziqhamo oki

Oak endulo babephila igama elihle kunye ngokuthandwa phakathi kwezizwe ezahlukeneyo. Naxa Greece yamandulo emthini umxhasi libotshelelwe ezilungisayo kwaye iluncedo uthixo Apollo, igama yobuciko nesayensi. I nokuxubana yamandulo babekholelwa ukuba isimboli oki Perun, okuphuma iindudumo nemibane. Abanye ababhali chaza Latin igama generic Quercus ehambelana igama lesiGrike elithetha "rough." Isibakala sokuba esiqhameni oki ifihle ngaphezulu ukushwabana involucre indebe-ezimilise, ngaphandle amaxolo kwi umthi endala zisikwe yi ehlola ezinzulu.

inkcazelo Botanical le oki eqhelekileyo

Sodidi fanele intsapho Oak Beech (Fagaceae). Le mithi zamaxesha athile ngonyaka, kunqabile amatyholo kunye kwindawo lonikezelo ngokubanzi. View eqhelekileyo amahlathi wofika kunye nemimandla ihlathi emathafeni baseYurophu Russia, Western kunye naseMpuma Europe - Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur). Okunye nokuzimisela iintlobo zesi sityalo - D. vulgaris, D. Summer, D. IsiNgesi. Ukuphakama imithi ngenxa yokwaluphala ngu 40-50 m, ububanzi - 1.5-2 m Ubudala leesampulu ngamnye oki eYurophu ufikelela kwiminyaka 700-2000, umzekelo, Zaporozhye kunye Stelmuzhsky oki .. D. kushiya zesiqhelo kufuneka ifom pinnatilobate, ukuba mnyama eluhlaza, ezenziwe bulishica avela ngasentla, nombala-eluhlaza ngezantsi. iintyatyambo Small yokudubula loose ifomu. Endaweni yaso emva uvuvuzelo wambumba iziqhamo-nut umbala otyheli-omdaka kunye bands longitudinal.

oki Fruit - yom

Cupule indebe-ezimile nokuphungulwa inxalenye ezikhandelwa inflorescences nzulu ngayo nombala, rough ngaphandle. Isiqhamo unako phantse anazo, lwathi 1.5 cm ububanzi. Imbewu zidla lume, 2.5-3.5 cm ubude. Isiqhamo oki esetyenziselwa ukuhambisa lweentlobo asetyenziswe kwamahlathi kanye reforestation emva sokufuna.

Imbewu ingatyalwa kweli lizwe, egadini, kwintendelezo lwesakhiwo esasakhiwe. Iminyaka yokuqala embalwa izithole ukukhula ngokucothayo. Ngoko ke buti uqalisa izokhula nokwandisa ubude, amasebe asezantsi ziphezulu kude emhlabeni. Fruiting iqala emva kwexesha, emva kweminyaka emalunga 15-20 emva ukuntshula, kodwa kukwakho ngakumbi ixesha zakutshanje imbewu. iziqhamo zeento komoki kule leyini phakathi ukuvunwa ekuqaleni okanye phakathi ekwindla. Kwimimandla esemazantsi imbewu workpiece ke ukususela ngo-Oktobha ukuya kuNovemba.

Ukubaluleka esebenzayo sodidi imithi Quercus

Yonke into ehlabathini kukho malunga 450 iintlobo oki, uninzi lwabo esetyenziswa kwishishini ifenitshala ke, imikhumbi, amayeza kunye nexabiso lesondlo. Kwinkulungwane edlulileyo emahlathini oki ziye hit kanzima kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi ngenxa elima komhlaba, ukusetyenziswa iinkuni zokwakha. Kwi nemida iziqu agudileyo nangoku isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa lwezikhephe, iinqanawa. elide Kuye amaxolo kunye neenkuni a khompawundi mthombo-kwezikhumba kwishishini kwezikhumba le. Amagqabi kunye imbewu ezi uboya idayi.

iinkuni oki esixineneyo, nzima, ukumelana ukubola naphantsi kweemeko ezimanzi. Beautiful umbala kunye nemvakalo, luthambe kunye nezinye iimpawu eziphathekayo avumela ngokubanzi ezisetyenziswa mveliso ukwakhiwa kwezindlu kunye nempahla. Ukuba ngeziqu aphantsi kwamanzi iminyaka ngaphandle ukufikelela umoya, ukuba mnyama kuthi chatha ngokomelela ( "Bog oki"). -Guquka kunye nokusilela ivumba ukusuka iinkuni kakhulu kuqingqo ekuvelisweni amabhakethi ukuba cognac, utywala, ibhiya, iwayini.

Nexabiso lesondlo imbewu

Zeziphi iziqhamo komterebhinti, umxholo yabo osidingayo - zizalathisi ezibalulekileyo yokwandisa yasendle kwi ezimnandi kunye namahlathi exutyiweyo. Kakhulu imbewu okunezondlo iyantluko ukutya lweehagu ekhaya, iziqhamo ezomisiweyo kwaye ukusilwa uphe iinkomo, iinkukhu. Ukugcina inani oki iihagu zasendle mayingagqithi iintloko 10-20 1000 ha ehlathini ehlathini nganye. Xa ihlathi ukusetyenziswa kakhulu ekulimeni yancitshiswa imbewu kunye nonikezelo ukutya, sasinda wabumba undergrowth. Kwakhona zehlathi, iziqhamo oki kanjanalo abe iiproteni ukutya, raccoons, ixhama, kwagcwala kunye Jay, efikelela kwi-25% yokudla kwawo.

Imbewu umthi uhlobo Quercus iqulathe kumafa zabo:

• Ekudleni - to 50,4%;
• amanzi - 34,7%;
• oyile - malunga ne-4.7%;
• protein - malunga ne 4.4%;
• ifayibha - up to 4,2%;
• minerals - 1.6%.

Ixabiso lesondlo 100 grams ye imbewu - 500 calories. ungafumana 30 iigrem ioli le nakububgakanani beziqhamo. Umgubo imbewu ilungele sokubhaka isonka, ifakwe ku izitya. abantu abadala bakhumbule indlela imfazwe kunye minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, isiqhamo oki kusindiswa ngenxa yendlala. Womile kwaye imbewu emhlabeni kodwa wagqiba ukwenza basele, ngokubuyisela le nomnikelo ikofu. Kuyanceda nokuphazamiseka emathunjini kunye nezinye. Ukunambitheka coffee nice, kodwa ezineswekile kancinane. Indoda babeqhele ukuya iinkozo Arabica esinevumba elimnandi, isiselo yom akayithandi loo nto. Fumana ababandakanyekayo ukuba akunjalo, tannins ezinokuchaphazela kakubi umsebenzi nezintso.

Ukulungisa ikofu yom nomgubo ibandakanya ingubo, ndiyitshise elangeni, kwi-oveni okanye eyenziwe ngepani ngembiza. Isixa izikhumba nga imiselwe ubungakanani involucre, indebe-ezimilise lid ezincinane phezu yom, inowuthi isiqulatho tannic acid.

Oak amagqabi kunye neziqhamo ngo abantu amayeza

amasebe imibele omthi kunye namagqabi - izincedisi ethandwa kuba iibhate Russian. Ekukholelwa ukuba amasetyana oki kufuneka asebenzise kuphela abantu anesibindi. iincakuba leaf Wide igalelo zokumpompa ngokukhawuleza ngomphunga eshushu umzimba. Yipule emva linebhafu okanye ishawari wasebenzisa decoction amagqabi. Oku kuthetha, ninendyebo tannins, isiphumo antibacterial kunye anti-ukudumba. Amagqabi zimanzi nadiliya zomileyo yaye triturated ngesingqusho, nokusebenzisa i amanxeba ekuqaleni ukuze kweentsholongwane.

Zizityebi, imithi iikhompawundi oki amaxolo. Lokulungiselela amayeza uthe wagawulwa emithini abaselula kwixesha yokumpompoza SAP, womile kwaye ukusilwa. A decoction amaxolo sisetyenziselwa gastro-wamathumbu ukuphazamiseka, mouthwashes nasemqaleni, amaqhakuva, ibhafu izifo zolusu.

Eyenziwa yom ezomisiweyo abantu iye ixabiso kwezonyango njenge-arhente antiviral kunye kubola. Ukusilwa wapheka oki amanzi iziqhamo lisetyenziswa izifo nkqubo wokuchama, ukuze kupheliswe urhudo. Thatha le iyeza intsomi yokuhlambulula umzimba ityhefu, uphuculo pathways, iintlungu emqaleni nokuxaxaza igazi.

ukusetyenziswa komterebhinti ulimo kunye landscape yoyilo

Amalungu sodidi Quercus ngokubanzi ezisetyenziswa zokuhlala igadi, iintendelezo eziphakamileyo zasezidolophini kunye farmhouses. Ashera, iindawo, iisampulu zodwa oki bethobela vaaki. Amagqabi ezinkulu ihlaba iqashiso yemveliso imaxongo, ukucoca umoya. iintlobo Summer oki uphalaze ngokupheleleyo amagqabi ekwindla. Amaqhina ekuqaleni - ngo-Epreli. Ishiya zenyathi ebusika kuvela ekupheleni kuka-Aprili okanye ngoMeyi, ukuwa koma, kodwa musa kuwa ngenxa ebusika.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, benomdla ekusetyenzisweni oki ekwakhiweni eluhlaza. Phakathi izizathu umjikelo omtsha baduma - ukudalwa iintlobo zokuhombisa isithsaba pyramidal, imihlanganiselwa, emva kwexesha baphalaze amagqabi. Phantsi komthi wom-single egadini angohlulwa elukhukweni intyantyambo primroses okanye ntyatyambo. Likhangeleka ezintle ngokuchasene buti emnyama bangabacimi gentle iinkuni anemone.

Ukusetyenziswa oki iziqhamo zemfundo kunye iinjongo zemfundo

Enkulisa abantwana intetho eklasini malunga amancedo imithi, zibizwa ngokuba njani iziqhamo oki, nguwuphi na kubo kungenziwa. Abangekaqali esikolweni kunye nabafundi abancinane kumnandi ukuqokelela imbewu imisebenzi ezobugcisa, imidlalo, imisebenzi yobugcisa kunye nokudala ezaqanjwa kwimathiriyeli zendalo. Xa womise isiqhamo akuthethi ngothanda, Cupule kuphela akuthethi uwubambe. Garcon uyakwazi kwenzakalani inaliti, umdlalo kunye simenze amanani abantu kunye nezilwanyana, amaso. Abafundi besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kwizikolo zasemaphandleni kunye foresters oki kuvunwa iziqhamo ze kwamahlathi kanye ukutyala uhlaza lazo.

olunika umdla enxulumene iziqhamo oki

Isoutbos yokuqala izele iziqhamo emthini senziwa kwiminyaka engama-50 ubudala. oki ikhulu velisa avareji ixesha amawaka 2.2. imbewu. Liyakhula libe umthi entsha enye kuphela iziqhamo th 10. Kwakhona kubalulekile, njengoko iziqhamo oki isicelo ukusasaza ezi iintlobo. Ukuba imbewu zityalwa kumhlaba ngokukhethekileyo okulungiswe ukuthatha unonophelo isityalo, umlinganiselo ekuntshuleni inyuswe.

Oki neentsomi yabantu ezahlukahlukeneyo inxulunyaniswa ngamandla, ubude, sobukhalipha ezizodwa ngokulwa.

Ngexesha Second World War eJapan, abafundi baqokelela ngaphezu kwesigidi esi-1 iitoni imbewu. Le ncwadi isindise zabemi yindlala ukuhla kwemveliso kunye nonikezelo nerayisi.

Eyona inkulu Monument yom efakiweyo e North America e Raleigh (North Carolina). ukuphakama kwalo yi-3 m, ubunzima - ngaphezulu kwe-0.5 m.

Ngokutsho legend, Russian Tsar uPeter Omkhulu wawisa i yom, ehamba phezu emdeni Gulf of Finland ukuya emntla-ntshona St. Petersburg. Esi siganeko lunikezelwa ilitye lesikhumbuzo ukuze sibonwe kwindawo iiholide hayi kude elalini. Yinto enelanga. Garcon zakha ensimbi imvelaphi inyuselwa khona kwindawo eluhlaza kufutshane indlela elunxwemeni.